There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage 1Video games have a bad reputation among many parents and teachers, who worry too much screen time is bad for children. There's no doubt that some kids go overboard and face troubling health risks. But a body of research suggests that playing digital games can have psychological and even physical benefits. And new offerings from game makers like Leapfrog, National Geographic and Galxyz may further assuage parents and teachers' fears."There is a developing notion of good screen time versus bad screen time," said Osman Rashid, founder of Galxyz. "Good screen time" can include using games that make players strategize, analyze and think quickly, while bad screen time generally involves doing something more passive, like watching a video.Rashid, who has two daughters, was disappointed there weren't more games both entertaining and challenging. "Most learning games had shoddy graphics, poorly developed interfaces and fake gaming," he said. So he set out to create one that would teach players about science — and actually appeal to kids. Galxyz games help kids learn a variety of disciplines, from physical and life science to Earth and space science, and the company recently partnered with the New York Academy of Sciences to help deliver a new educational product.Kids can play these games at home, or the programs can be incorporated into a teacher's syllabus. Fifty-five percent of educators surveyed said their students played games in their classrooms at least once a week. Rashid noted he appreciates seeing teachers realizing educational games won't necessarily replace them and that certain programs can actually enhance lesson plans.But since educational gaming is a relatively new concept, scientists still lack a solid understanding of how educational screen time affects children and learning outcomes. There's little data on the long-term effects of using educational games.However, finding new ways to engage students is generally beneficial. If you're going to stand up in front of a class and give a lecture for 40 minutes, you're going to be like a stand-up comedian who dies on stage. Teachers need to use new technology to amuse, entertain and educate their students.(1) (单选题)Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?A.There are many ways to protect kids from bad video games.B.Game makers are creating more educational games.C.Educators are starting to embrace the good screen time.Video games bring psychological and physical benefits.D.Video games bring psychological and physical benefits.(2) (单选题)The meaning of the underlined word "assuage" (Para. 1) is closest to ________.A.worsenB.assureC.stimulateD.ease(3) (单选题)What does founder of Galxyz say about bad screen time?A.Too much bad screen time does harm to the eyesight.B.Kids watch and play these games without much thinking.C.A lot of these games involve much fight and blood.D.The picture and the sound of these games are of low quality.(4) (单选题)What is the result of using educational games in the classroom?A.They will eventually replace the teachers.B.They improve the effect of classroom teaching.C.Students can achieve better grades.D.Students find the traditional lecture boring.(5) (单选题)What does the author think of the future of education?A.Teachers will act like comedians to entertain students.B.Every student will be actively engaged in class activities.C.Outdoor education will play an important role in school syllabus.D.Technology will make the class more amusing and enlightening.

Most people say that most people have not more than 30 friends at any given time，and 400 over the whole of their lives．However，on social networking sites，most users have about 150 friends．If these numbers are correct，then friendship means different things in different situations．Also，there are no rules about friendship．There are no instructions about how to make friends，how to keep friendships going，and how to finish friendships if we want to move on．People have very different opinions about this：some people would die for their friends and they value them more than family．Others say that friends are temporary，only there to help each other until they are no longer needed．If people with such different views become friends，this can lead to problems．Because of these different definitions of friendship，it is easy to be unhappy about our friendships．We may want them to be deeper or closer，or we may want to have more friends in our lives．Sometimes we simply do not have the lime to develop our friendships，or we fear we have left it too late in life to start．If we move to another country or city，we have to find ways，to make new friends again．This dissatisfaction shows us how important friendships are for most of us．We should not think that it could be too late to build friendships．We also need to understand that the need to be around other people is one that is shared by many．Therefore，we should not be too frightened about starting to talk to people who in the future may become our friends：it is likely that they too would like to get closer to us．Remember what people say：strangers are friends we have not met yet．24．According to the text，how many friends do the majority of people probably have？ ____ A.30 friends or fewer at a certain stageB..Over 400 friends in their whole livesC.400 internet friends in their whole livesD.150 internet friends at a certain stage．25．What is the main idea of paragraph 2？ ____ A．There is a rule about making friendsB．People with different views can become friendsC．Some people would die for their friends if they need toD．Friendships mean different things to different people26．We can learn from the text that most of us ____ ．A．are frightened to talk to peopleB．build friendships late in lifeC．are dissatisfied with our friendsD．need to be with others27．What is the author's attitude towards talking to a stranger？ ____ A．Uninterested B．Positive C．Doubtful D．Cautious．

Top 4 Traditional Summer Jobs for College Students With the summer break around the corner，students will be looking for seasonal and short-term jobs for extra cash，to stay busy or to make additions to their resume （简历）.The following jobs have been longtime go-tos for many young adults.Lifeguard Because summer is the busiest season for pools and beaches，lots of summer jobs exist for strong swimmers.Lots of positions can be found at community and neighborhood pools，while those who live near the coastline can also find positions at public beaches.These jobs are a great opportunity to build your fitness，keep people safe and be outdoors to enjoy some fun in the sun.The average hourly wage for lifeguards is ＄9.50.Camp Counselor （辅导员） Students，who enjoy spending their time with children，being a leader and overseeing fun，outdoor activities are often the perfect fit for camp counselor positions.Students studying science，for example，can work at a science camp，while those with a creative talent can work at an arts-focused summer program.The average hourly wage for camp counselors is ＄9.28，but those with years of experience or specific academic backgrounds may earn more.Sales Associate Students with a skill for persuasion and helpfulness often enjoy sales associate jobs.Students interested in business，finance or sales/marketing often gravitate （被吸引） towards these roles，but they're also a great fit for anyone seeking a low-pressure summer position or even just a discount at their favorite store.The average wage is ＄10.20 hourly.Food Server Although it may not seem like the greatest way to spend a summer，working as wait staff allows students to build their social skills，stay active，enjoy free meals while working and familiarize themselves with different cuisines.The average salary is ＄9.00 hourly，but tips can raise that number hugely.（1）Being a lifeguard means you can ____ .A．work indoors only.B．work near your home.C．have fun with your friends.D．work without certifications.（2）What do you know about the camp counselor job？ ____ A．It requires students to be good at outdoor activities.B．A background in a specific area may provide an advantage.C．It offers the highest average hourly wage among the four jobs.D．The experience of babysitting can help you earn more money.（3）What might be one of the benefits of working as a sales associate？ ____ A．Enjoy free meals.B．Enjoy lower purchase prices.C．Develop a set of new skills.D．Build a career for sales or marketing.（4）What can people learn in a waiter's job？ ____ A．How to deal with people.B．How to deal with pressure.C．How to grow their patience.D．How to make different cuisines.（5）Which job may allow you to earn more than it says？ ____ A．Lifeguard.B．Camp counselor.C．Sales associate.D．Food server.

Not many decisions could have been more difficult for a family to make them to say farewell to a community where it had lived for centuries, to abandon old ties and familiar landmarks, and to sail across dark seas to a strange land. Today, when mass communications tell one part of the world all about another, it is quite easy to understand how poverty or tyranny might force people to exchange an old nation for a new one. But centuries ago migration was a leap into the unknown. It was an enormous intellectual and emotional commitment. The forces that moved early immigrants to their great decision ― the decision to leave their homes and begin an adventure filled with uncertainty, risk and hardship ― must have been of overpowering proportions. As Oscar Handlin states, the early immigrants of America "would collide with unaccustomed problems, learn to understand alien ways and alien languages, manage to survive in a very foreign environment". Despite the obstacles and uncertainties that lay ahead of them, millions did migrate to "the promised land" ― America. But what was it that moved so many to migrate against such overwhelming odds There were probably as many reasons for coming to America as there were people who came. It was a highly individual decision. Yet it can be said that three large forces―religious persecution, political oppression and economic hardship-provided the chief motives for the mass migrations to America. They were responding in their own way to the pledge of the Declaration of Independence: the promise of "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness". The search for freedom of worship has brought people to America from the days of the pilgrims to modern times. In 1620, for example, the Mayflower carried a cargo of 102 passengers who "welcomed the opportunity to advance the gospel of Christ in these remote parts". A number of other groups such as the Jews and Quakers came to America after the Pilgrims, all seeking religious freedom. In more recent times, anti-Semitic persecution in Hitler’s Germany has driven people from their homes to seek refuge in America. However, not all religious sects have received the tolerance and understanding for which they came. The Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony showed as little tolerance for dissention beliefs as the Anglicans of England had shown them. They quickly expelled other religious groups from their society. Minority religious sects, from the Quakers and Shakers through the Catholics and Jews to the Mormons, have at various times suffered both discrimination and hostility in the United States. But the diversity of religious belief has made for religious toleration. In demanding freedom for itself, each sect had to permit freedom for others. The insistence of each successive wave of immigrants upon its right to practice its religion helped make freedom of worship a central part of the American Creed. People who gambled their lives on the right to believe in their own God would not easily surrender that right in a new society. The second great force behind immigration has been political oppression. America has always been a refuge from tyranny. As a nation conceived in liberty, it has help out to the world the promise of respect for the rights of man. Every time a revolution has failed in Europe, every time a nation has succumbed to tyranny, men and women who love freedom have assembled their families and their belongings and set sail across the seas. This process has not come to an end in our own day. The terrors of Hitler’s Germany and Mussolini’s Italy, the terrible wars of Southeast Asia ― all have brought new thousands seeking safety in the United States. The economic factor has been more complex than the religious and political factors. From the very beginning, some have come to America in search of riches, some in flight from poverty, and some because they were bought and sold and had no choice. And the various reasons are intertwined. Thus some early arrivals were lured to these shores by dreams of amassing great wealth, like the Spanish in Mexico and Peru. These adventurers, expecting quick profits in gold, soon found that real wealth lay in such crops as tobacco and cotton. AS they built up the plantation, economy in states like Virginia and the Carolinas, they needed cheap labor, So they began to import indentured servants from England (men and Women who agreed to labor a term of years in exchange for eventual freedom), and slaves from Africa. The process of industrialization in America increased the demand for cheap labor, and chaotic economic conditions in Europe increased the supply. If some immigrants continued to believe that the streets of New York were paved with gold, more were driven by the hunger and hardship of their native lands. The Irish potato famine of 1845 brought almost a million people to America in five years. American manufacturers advertised in European newspapers, offering to pay the passage of any man willing to come to America to work for them. The immigrants who came for economic reasons contributed to the strength of the new society in several ways. Those who came from countries with advanced political and economic institutions brought with them faith in those institutions and experience in making them work. They also brought technical and managerial skills which contributed greatly to economic growth in the new land. Above all, they helped give America the extraordinary social mobility which is the essence of an open society. In the community he had left, the immigrant usually had a fixed place. He would carry on his father’s craft of trade; he would farm his father’s land or that small portion of it that was left him after it was divided with his brothers. Only with the most exceptional talent and enterprise could break out of the circumstances in life into which he had been born. There were no such circumstances for him in the New World. Once having broken with the past, except for sentimental ties and cultural inheritance, he had to rely on his own abilities. It was the future and not the past which he had to face. Except for the Negro slave, the immigrant could go anywhere and do anything his talents permitted. A large, virgin continent lay before him, and he had only to join it together by canals, railroads and roads. If he failed to achieve the dream of a better life for himself, he could still retain it for his children. These were the major forces that started this massive migration to America. Every immigrant served to reinforce and strengthen those elements in American society that had attracted him in the first place. The motives of some immigrants were commonplace. The motives of others were noble. Taken together they add up to the strengths and weaknesses of America.In what way did immigrants seeking economic freedom contribute to the strength of the U. S. economy A．They introduced advanced political and economic institutions.B．They brought with them technical and managerial skills.C．They helped give America social mobility.D．All of these.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.网络犯罪(cybercrime)指的是任何利用电脑或互联网进行的犯罪活动。不断增长的网络犯罪类型包括各种因使用电脑而得以实现的犯罪活动，比如网络入侵、电脑病毒传播和诸如身份盗用、恃强凌弱(bullying)、恐怖主义之类既有犯罪行为的网络变体形式。围绕网络犯罪有许多争议性问题。比如，对于一些广泛传播的活动是否应该归为犯罪行为，人们观点并不统一。数字监控(digital surveillance)问题及其对公民权利的影响也存在争议。为了确保网络的发展不以牺牲个人权利为代价，必须对其进行监管。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic "The Benefits of Volunteering". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 150 words.

7. I reserved them by phone yesterday in the name of Mary .A. I'm here to pick up my tickets.B. I'm here picking up my tickets.C. I'm to here to pick up my tickets.D. I'm to here picking up my tickets.

[解析]A。空格前是系动词be,空格后是动词的被动语态measured,所以此空应该填入一个副词,以修饰measured。根据句意,选项中只有accurately符合句意。故选A。Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon[A] Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long”. Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in, and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.[B] Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives, notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.[C] Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices is low oil prices”. The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil fields---which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost----are depleted. In fact, in line with past experience, capital expenditure in the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however, be different this time around.[D] Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent of new technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global demand (especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of shale(页岩) oil, point to a “low for long” scenario. Futures markets, which show only a modest recovery of prices to around 60 a barrel by 2019, support this view.[E] Natural gas and coal—also fossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked. The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there. The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over- supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which bums half of the world’s coal.[F] Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal(地热). Even Africa and the Middle East, home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.[G] Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile, however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas. But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.[H] Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil fuel emissions.[I] The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources. Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.[J] Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the United Nations Children’s Fund estimates that some 11 million children in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the strongest El Nino(厄尔尼诺) weather phenomenon in decades. Many scientists believe that El Nino events, caused by warming in the Pacific, are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.C)Earning a competitive salary. D) Working for supportive bosses.

What does the author think open debate can do?In the age of the internet, there's no such thing as a private debate. But is that bad for science? Some scientists have had concerns. When debates in any sector move beyond the halls of universities and government agencies, there's potential for information to be used incorrectly, leading to public confusion; yet, open debate can also promote communication between the scientific community and the public.请根据材料选择正确答案。A、Help the public to better understand science.B、Clear up confusion in the scientific community.C、Settle disputes between universities and government agencies.D、Prevent information from being used incorrectly by the public.

My mother turned down the radio lest it _ with my lessons.A. should interfereB. never interferesC. always interferesD. would interfere