39.When countries develop economically,people live longer lives.Development experts have long Delieved this is because having more money expands lifespan,but a massive new study suggests that education may play a bigger role.The finding has huge implications for public health spending.Back in 1975,economists plotted rising life expectancies against countries'wealth,and concluded that wealth itself increases longevity.It seemed self-evident:everything people need to be health from food to medical care--costs money But soon it emerged that the data didn't always fit that theory.Economic upturns didn’t always mean longer lives.In addition,for reasons that weren't clear,a given gain in gross domestic product（GDP）caused increasingly higher gains in life expectancy over time,as though it was becoming cheaper to add years of life.Me moreover,in the 1980s researchers found ga ins in literacy were associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were Finally,the more educated people in any country tend to live longer than their less educated compatriots.But such people also tend to be wealthier,so it has been difficult to untangle which factor is increasing lifespan Permanent change Wolfgang Lutz of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Vienna and colleagues have now done that by compiling average data on GDP per person,lifespans,and years of education from 174 countries,dating from 1970 to 2010 They found that,Just as in 1975,wealth correlated with longevity.But the correlation between longevity and years of schooling was closer,with a direct relationship that did not change over time way wealth does When the team put both these factors into the same mathematical model,they found that differences in education closely predicted differences in life expectancy,while changes in wealth barely mattered Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy,this correlation reflects cause:better education drives longer life.It also tends to lead to more wealh,which is why wealth and longevity are also correlated.But what is important,says Lutz,is that wealth does not seem to be driving longevity,as experts thought-in fact,education is driving both of them Lifestyle choices Some medical professionals may not like these findings,"says Lutz,as they suggest schools may be a better health investment than high-tech hospitals.But RudigerKrech at the World Health Organization welcomes the study."It confirms education as a major social determinant of health,"he says-aconcept WHO actively promotes.But if medical health experts welcome the findings,economists are less comfortable Sangheon Lee,at the UN International Labour Organisation in Geneva,Switzerland agrees education affects lifespan but doubts that simple models like Lutz's can fully resolve cause and effect."It's a very difficult econometric problem,"he says,with health,wealth and education all affecting each other But Lutz says that extreme examples are telling.Cuba is dead poor but has a higher life expectancy than the US because it is well educated.Meanwhile in oil-rich but poorly-educated Equatorial Guinea,people rarely reach 60What does the word"plot"（Line 1,Para.2）mean? A.B. A. To make a secret plan to harm somebody C.D. B. To make a diagram that shows how things develop E.F. C. To suggest something as a plan or course of action G.H. D. To mark the path of an aircraft or ship on a map

The best way to create and stick to a habit is to have strong motivation. It's easier to change your habits to lose weight if you have a health issue and you want to be around longer for your kids, or if your business is something you're passionate about. Having a valuable outcome associated with a habit will help you stick to that habit permanently.The art of self-control is one that most successful individuals have mastered. Self-control enables you to avoid behaviors that don't contribute to your success and adopt those that do.Because there is a delayed satisfaction associated with self-control, it can be easy to get off track. However, if you work on sticking to those small positive habits one day at a time, it becomes easier to stay strong and achieve that delayed reward. Once a reward is achieved, it is much easier to continue sticking to your habits.46. What does the author say we need to do to strengthen our willpower?A) Keep it under control.B) Apply it continuously.C) Learn from entrepreneurs.D) Aim at success determinedly.47. How are almost half of our daily actions performed according to the passage?A) Out of habit.B) With determination.C) Like muscle building.D) By self-discipline.48. What will help people stick to doing something constructive automatically?A) Practising it on a day-to-day basis.B) Associating it with improving health.C) Possessing a reasonable amount of talent.D) Foreseeing the desired outcome it will yield.49. How does the art of self-control help us succeed?A) By allowing us to remain clear-headed permanently.B) By enabling us to alter our behaviors constantly.C) By enabling us to take positive actions.D) By allowing us to avoid taking risks.50. Why can it be difficult for us to maintain self-control?A) Most of us are not in the habit of exercising self-control.B) We may not get immediate rewards from self-control.C) Self-control tends to be associated with pains.D) Self-control only brings about small benefits.

(2018·江苏高考改编)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.快捷解题技法1.非谓语动词填空的两个原则(1)主被动原则逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系时,用现在分词­ing形式;是动宾关系时用过去分词­ed形式。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。The lecture, starting (which started) at 7:00 p.m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.讲座于昨晚七点开始,随后是用望远镜观察月球。(2)时间先后原则非谓语动词表示正在进行,用现在分词­ing形式;表示已经完成,用过去分词­ed形式;表示将来发生的动作,用不定式to do形式。It’s a pity that he won’t be able to attend the party to be held tomorrow at the art center.很遗憾他将不能参加明天在艺术中心举办的宴会。It’s a pity that he is unable to attend the party being held now at the art center.很遗憾他不能参加正在艺术中心举办的宴会。It was a pity that he was unable to attend the party held yesterday at the art center.很遗憾他没能参加昨天在艺术中心举办的宴会。2.牢记用动词­ing/to do 形式作宾语的动词(短语)(1)接动词­ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有:喜欢考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, avoid)不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help, give up, risk)欣赏承认很值得(appreciate, admit, be worth)介意想象莫拖延(mind, imagine, delay, put off)允许完成是期待(allow, finish, look forward to)建议保持勤操练(suggest, keep, practice)致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to, excuse, insist on)继续成功不错过(keep on, succeed in, miss)(2)接不定式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有:一准备(prepare)、二决定(decide, determine)、三要求(ask, demand, request)、四希望(desire, expect, hope, wish);提供计划(offer, plan, intend);设法学会(manage, learn);未能选择(fail, choose);只好乞求(beg);拒绝答应(refuse, promise);假装同意(pretend, agree)。(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但表示的含义不同。mean快捷解题技法forget快捷解题技法regret快捷解题技法try快捷解题技法go on快捷解题技法remember快捷解题技法can’t help快捷解题技法I regret to tell you that he didn’t take your application into consideration.我很遗憾地告诉你他没有考虑你的申请。I regret making rude comments on your appearance.我非常遗憾对你的外表做了无礼的评论。3.掌握非谓语动词的几种句型公式(1)不定式作宾语补足语tell/order/persuade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invite+sb.to do sth.。I’d like to invite you to take part in the activity.我想邀请你参加这项活动。(2)后用省略“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语):“五看;三使;二听;一感觉”。五看:look at/watch/notice/see/observe sb.do sth.三使:make/have/let sb.do sth.;二听:listen to/hear sb. do sth.;一感觉:feel sb.do。I like the film because it can make me laugh.我喜欢这部电影,因为它能让我发笑。(3)用于it作形式主语结构中:It+be+名词或形容词(no good, no use, a pleasure, worthwhile, useless)+动词­ing;It+be+形容词(difficult/kind/clever等)+for/of sb.to do sth.;It+takes+sb.+some time+to do sth.As is known to us, it’s no use complaining without taking action.众所周知,只抱怨不采取行动是没用的。(4)only to do结构表示出乎意料的结果。He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。快捷解题技法1.现在分词和过去分词作状语现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系;过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。①(2019·福州八中质检) (realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.分析:分析句子结构可知,空格所在的部分为非谓语动词作状语,realize与主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填Realizing。②(2018·蚌埠二中模拟)Greatly (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.分析:分析句子结构可知,空格所在的部分为非谓语动词作状语,encourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故填encouraged。2.现在分词和过去分词作前置定语和表语此时现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词,现在分词意为“令人感到……的”,过去分词意为“(人)感到……的”。③There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).分析:此处looked后面为表语部分,此处指一些人看起来很焦急、很失望。故填disappointed。④(2018·山西省实验中学质检)Dennis Williams, the new owner of the phone number, responded to the (excite) baby news.分析:此处为非谓语动词作前置定语,表示“令人兴奋的有关孩子的消息”。故填exciting。⑤With a (puzzle)look on my face, I pointed to myself and said,“Me?”分析:句意:脸上带着疑惑的表情,我指着自己说:“我吗?”a puzzled look“疑惑的表情”;a puzzling look“令人疑惑的表情”。故填puzzled。3.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作后置定语不定式作后置定语表示动作尚未进行;现在分词作后置定语表示主动、进行;过去分词作后置定语表示被动、完成。⑥(2016·四川高考)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something (eat)!分析:句意:25天中,她寸步不离她的孩子,甚至不去找东西吃!动词不定式to eat作后置定语,修饰前面的不定代词something。故填to eat。⑦(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.分析:此处表示“居住”在上海和香港的人们,应用非谓语动词作后置定语,people与live之间为主谓关系,故填living。⑧(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.分析:由谓语动词are admired可知空格处填非谓语动词,adobe dwellings与build之间是被动关系,应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填built。4.不定式与动名词作宾语有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,例如agree, decide, refuse, manage等;而有些动词只跟动名词作宾语,例如avoid, finish, mind, practise等。还有些动词既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,这些都要特别注意。⑨(2018·浙江高考)I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.分析:句意:我记得曾经拜访过一位在这里生活5年的朋友,我得知那时他没做过饭时我很震惊。remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”,故填visiting。快捷解题技法(2018·菏泽模拟)Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean (accept) the action of the person who upsets you.分析:mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”,mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”,故填accepting。快捷解题技法一、 单句对点练——练明考点1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ改编)I saw there were two instructors on board and a man (lie) across the middle.

Back in 1975, economists planned rising life expectancy (预期寿命) against countries’ wealth, and concluded that wealth itself increases longevity. It seemed self- evident: everything people need to be healthy--from food to medical care- costs money. But it soon proved that the data didn't always fit that theory. Economic booms didn’t always mean longer lives. In addition, for reasons that weren’t clear, a given gain in gross domestic product (GDP) caused increasingly higher gains in life expectancy over time, as though it was becoming cheaper to add years of life. Moreover, in the 1980s researchers found gains in learning were associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were. Finally, the more educated people in any country tend to live longer than their less educated fellow citizens. But such people also tend to be wealthier, so it has been difficult to make out which factor is increasing lifespan. Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues have now done that by collecting average data on GDP per person，lifespan, and years of education from 174 countries, dating from 1970 to 2010. They found that, just as in 1975, wealth associated with longevity. But the association between longevity and years of schooling was closer, with a direct relationship that did not change over time, the way wealth does. Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy, this association reflects cause: better education drives longer life. It also leads to more wealth, which is why wealth and longevity are also associated. But what is important, says Lutz, is that wealth does not seem to be longevity, as experts thought- in fact, education is driving both of them. He thinks this is because education permanently improves a person’s cognitive abilities, allowing better planning and self-control throughout the rest of their life. This idea is supported by the fact that people who are more intelligent appear to live longer.【小题1】Which of the following best describes economists ’conclusion in 1975? A．Lifespan could be increased by wealth. B．Economic growth didn’t always mean longer life. C．Education influenced longevity more than wealth did. D．A given growth in GDP caused higher gains in longevity. 【小题2】What did Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues find? A．Wealth and longevity did not have any association. B．Longevity and education were more closely associated. C．Differences in wealth predicted differences in longevity. D．Relationship between education and longevity changed over time. 【小题3】What part does education play permanently according to Lutz? A．It enables people to have better planning and self-control. B．It always leads to a longer but not necessarily richer life. C．It improves people’s imaginative and innovative abilities. D．It helps people acquire time-managing and learning habits. 【小题4】Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Wealth influences longevity. B．Education influences longevity. C．Wealth has nothing to do with longevity. D．The relationship between education and wealth.

Passage Two-|||-Questions 51 to 55 are hased on the following passage.-|||-Back in 1975,economists plotted rising life expectancies against countries`wealth,and concluded that wealth-|||-itself increases longevit It seemed self -evident:everything peopl need to be healthy-from food to medical care--|||-costs money.-|||-But soon it emerged that the data didn`t always fit that theory. Economic upturns didn`t always mean longer lives.-|||-In addition,for reasons that weren`t clear,a given gain in gross domestic product(GDP)caused increasingly highe-|||-gains in life expectancy over time,as though it was becoming cheaper to add years of life. Moreover,in the 1980s-|||-researchers found gains in literacy were associated with greater increases in life expectancy than gains in wealth were.-|||-Finally,the more educated people in any country tend to live longer than their less educated fellow citizens.But such-|||-people also tend to be wealthier,so it has been difficult to untangle which factor is increasing lifespan.-|||-Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues have now done that by compiling average data on GDP per person,lifespans,-|||-and years of education from 174 countries,dating from 1970 to 2010.They found that,just as in 1975,wealth-|||-correlated with longevity But the correlation between longevity and years of schooling was closer,with a direct-|||-relationship that did not change over time,the way wealth does.When the team put both these factors into the same-|||-mathematical model, they found that differences in education closely predicted differences in life expectancy,while-|||-changes in wealth barely mattered.-|||-Lutz argues that because schooling happens many years before a person has attained their life expectancy,this-|||-correlation reflects caus better education drives longer life.It also tends to lead to more wealth,which is why wealth-|||-and longevity are also correlated. But what is important,says Lutz, is that wealth does not seem to be driving-|||-longevity,as experts thought-in fact,education is driving both of them.-|||-He thinks this is because education permanently improves a person`s cognitive abilities,allowing better planning-|||-and self-control throughout the rest of their life.This idea is supported by the fact that people who are more-|||-intelligent appear to live longer.-|||-51.What did cconomists conclude about longevity in 1975?-|||-A)Literacy influenced longevity more than wealth did.-|||-B) Wealth itself could increase life expectancy-|||-C)Economic growth didn`t always mean longer life.-|||-D)A given growth in GDP caused higher gains in longevity.-|||-52.Why has it been difficult to decide which factor is increasing lifespan according to Para.2?-|||-A) Because less educated people tend to be richer.-|||-B) Because more cducated people tend to live longer.-|||-C) Because less educated people tend to live longer.-|||-D) Because more educated people tend to be richer.-|||-53.What did Wolfgang Lutz and his colleagues find?-|||-A)Relationship betwcen education and longevity changed over time.-|||-B)Longevity and education were more closely correlated.-|||-C)Differences in wealth predicted differen in longevity.-|||-D) Wealth and longevity did not have any correlation.-|||-54.In which part does education play permanently?-|||-A) It enables people to have better planning and self-control.-|||-B) It always leads to a longer but not necessarily richer life.-|||-C)It helps people acquire time managing and learning habits.-|||-D)It improves people`s imaginative and innovative abilitics.-|||-55.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?-|||-A) The relationship between cducation and wealth-|||-B) Wealth influcnces longevity-|||-C)Education influences longevity-|||-D)Wealth has nothing to do with lo

Tourism may well have positive effects in urban areas and contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. Revenues from tourism and the motivation to attract more tourists can trigger the willingness of local authorities to invest in urban infrastructure, benefitting both tourists and residents. It may play a role in promoting green urban planning, urban conservation and the protection of local heritage. Investments in entertainment, recreation and leisure facilities may become viable once they cater to a combination of local and tourist demand.Tourism may contribute to building more resilient communities if it helps to activate social and cultural capital, e.g. by empowering women or by promoting local crafts, if it helps protect local environments and commons and if it provides economic gains for local communities, e.g. by supporting local entrepreneurship. Cities are locations of creativity, innovation and change which can benefit from the dynamics that tourism may bring through meaningful host-guest interaction, including opportunities to foster tolerance of cultural diversity.However, there is a flipside to the urban tourism coin. The proliferation of low-frills flight connections has been a major driver of city tourism. At the same time, aircrafts are a major source of carbon emissions, contributing significantly to climate change. The aviation trap and the carbon footprint of travel to and from a destination cannot be excluded from the sustainability considerations of urban tourism. Failure to address tourism-related climate change will undermine the achievement of many other SDGs.As cities become attractive destinations, they run the risk of suffering from “overtourism” in urban centres which aggravates many of the challenges they are facing. The touristification of residential areas often plays a role in gentrification processes, leading to the displacement and exclusion of weaker and vulnerable sections of society. Tourism increases the burden on local infrastructure and transport systems, contributes to traffic congestion and causes significant levels of air and noise pollution. It puts strains on urban sights, increases the demand for energy and water and adds to the volume of waste and sewage generated in a locality. The jobs provided in the tourism sector, though potentially numerous, are often precarious.1. In what way may tourism help the development of cities?A) Tourism brings money. B) Tourism makes cities famous.C) Tourism benefits the authorities.D) Tourism develops transportation.2. Which of the following best describes paragraph two?A) Benefits of tourism to communities. B) The reason why tourism should be developed.C) Why people are in need of tourism.D) Tips for people who have a tour.3. According to the passage, what is the most important motivation of city tourism?A) The policy of the government.B) The support from the public.C) The fund from the banks.D) The low-costing flights. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards the increase in flights?A) Positive.B) Negative.C) Indifferent.D) Complicated. 5. The last paragraph mainly deals with ________.A) the author’s worries about the development of tourism B) the benefit to the city life brought by tourismC) the significance of developing tourismD) the blueprint for sustainable tourism

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each-|||-blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before-|||-making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter -|||-each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank-|||-more than once.-|||-Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.-|||-"Laugh,and the world laughs with you;weep,and weep alone."So wrote the poet Ella Wheeler Cox-|||-Emotions are catching,and most people intuitively seek out the positive while 26 the negative. The-|||-exception,however,is those who are suffering from depression The depressed 27 emotional facial-|||-cues,finding gloom and doom where others see contentment.-|||-We're generally pretty good at reading the emotional expressions of others as portrayed on their faces,at-|||-least when it comes to the 28 emotions,like happiness,sadness,and anger.We read the emotions of-|||-those we're 29 with and regulate our own mood in response.After all,we can't cooperate 30 -|||-with others if our emotions are out of sync (不同步的). Crying at a party will likely get you shunned (避开),as-|||-will laughing at a funeral.You've got to express the right emotion for the 31 -|||-Facial expressions of emotion are inherent,but we can 32 or suppress them.Even though you're-|||-feeling down,you may decide to put on a happy face at a party just to get along.And since others then-|||- 33 to your positive expression,you might start feeling better as well.-|||-Our natural ability to read emotional expressions on the faces of others 34 down,however,as we-|||-fall into depression.The depressed can still read obviously happy or sad faces,but a problem 35 when-|||-others display ambiguous feelings.This can occur either because the other person is trying to suppress their-|||-emotional expression,or because they aren't sure how they feel at the moment.-|||-A)arises F)contact K)interacting-|||-B)avoiding G)deadly L) misread-|||-C)basic H)effectively M)occasion-|||-D)breaks I) fake N) respond-|||-E)condition J) functions O)significantPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. "Laugh, and the world laughs with you;weep,and weep alone."So wrote the poet Ella Wheeler Cox. Emotions are catching, and most people intuitively seek out the positive while 26 the _negative. The exception, however,is those who are suffering from depression. The depressed 27 emotional _facial cues, finding gloom and doom where others see contentment. We're generally pretty good at reading the emotional expressions of others as portrayed on their faces,at least when it comes to the_ 28 emotions, like happiness, sadness,and anger. We read the emotions of those we're_ 29 with and regulate our own mood in response. After all, we can't cooperate_ 30 with others if our emotions are out of sync(不同步的).Crying at a party will likely get you shunned (避开), as will laughing at a funeral. You've got to express the right emotion for the 31 _Facial expressions of emotion are in herent,but we can 32 or _suppress them. Even though you're feeling down,you may decide to put on a happy face at a party just to get along.And since others then _33 to your positive expression, you might start feeling better as well. Our natural ability to read emotional expressions on the faces of others 34 down,_however,as we fall into depression. The depressed can still read obviously happy or sad faces,but a problem_ 35when others display ambiguous feelings. This can occur either because the other person is trying to suppress their emotional expression,or because they aren't sure how they feel at the moment. A)arises F)contact K)interacting B)avoiding G)deadly L) misread C)basic H)effectively M)occasion D)breaks I) fake N)respond E)condition J) functions O)significant

______ is the thick, muscular layer of the heart wall.A. endocardiumB. valveC. myocardiumD. apex

Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Almost 150 years after photovoltaic(光电的) cells and wind turbines(涡轮机) were invented，they still generate only 7% of the world's electricity. Yet something remarkable is happening. From being secondary to the energy system just over a decade ago, they are now growing faster than any other energy source and their falling costs are making them competitive with fossil fuels. BP, an oil firm, expects renewables to account for half of the growth in global energy supply over the next 20 years. It is no longer far-fetched to think that the world is entering an era of clean,unlimited and cheap power. There is a problem， though.To get from here to there requires huge amounts of investment over the next few decades. Normally investors like putting their money into electricity because it offers reliable returns. Yet green energy has a dirty secret. The more it is used,the more it lowers the price of power from any source. That makes it hard to manage the transition to a carbon-free future,during which many generating technologies，clean and dirty,need to remain profitable if the lights are to stay on.Unless the market is fixed，subsidies to the industry will only grow. Policymakers are already seeing this inconvenient truth as a reason to put the brakes on renewable energy. In parts of Europe, investment in renewables is slowing as subsidies are cut back. However, the solution is not less wind and solar. It is to rethink how the world prices clean energy in order to make better use of it. At its heart,the problem is that government-supported renewable energy has been imposed on a market designed in a different era. For much of the 20th century，electricity was made and moved by vertically integrated， state-controlled monopolies. From the 1980s onwards,many of these were broken up, privatized and liberalized, so that market forces could determine where best to invest,Today only about 6% of electricity users get their power from monopolies. Yet everywhere the pressure to decarbonize power supply has brought the state creeping back into markets. This is disruptive for three reasons. The first is the subsidy system itself. The other two are inherent to the nature of wind and solar; their intermittency and their very low running costs. All three help explain why power prices are low and public subsidies are addictive.1. Why can photovoltaic cells and wind turbines compete with fossil fuels?A. They are clean and unlimited.B. Their costs keep lowering down.C. They can produce power more efficiently.D. They receive more subsidies from the government.2. What is the dirty secret of green energy?A. Its equipment requires frequent maintenance.B.It offers little reliable returns to the investors.C. It costs a lot to transport the electricity it produces.D. Its use will reduce the price of power.3. Why are policymakers unwilling to develop renewable energy?A. It needs a large amount of subsidies from the government.B. It is inconvenient to manufacture wind turbines and solar cells.C. Green energy will bring negative influence on coal power plants.D. The government needs to subsidize many other public services.4. What can be done to make better use of green energy?A.To update generating technologies of green energy.B. To bring more private enterprises into the market.C To set a reasonable price on clean energy.D. To increase subsidies to green energy.5. What is the problem with renewable energy in nature?A. The market is designed in different times.B. Monopolies still supply most of green power.C.Market forces couldn't determine where to invest.D Companies in this field can't remain profitable.

A British food writer explains why sensation is important in Chinese food. Food might be one of the last barriers to fully immerse oneself in a foreign culture, and for British writer Fuchsia Dunlop, that frontier for Westerners when it comes to Chinese food is the mouthfeel or texture. “Cross it, and you’re really inside.”By texture, she particularly refers to that of the food Chinese people are famously interested in, such as ox throat, chicken feet, sea cucumber, or abalone (鲍鱼), which Westerners usually consider pointless since they taste like “a bike’s inner tube or plastic bags.”In one of her popular books, Shark’s Fin and Sichuan Pepper published in 2008, Dunlop devoted an entire chapter, “The Rubber Factor,” to what mouthfeel means in Chinese cuisines. She lists some representatives: cui of fresh crunchy vegetables (a particular quality of crispness), tanxing (springy elasticity like that of a squid ball), nen (tenderness of just-cooked fish or meat), or shuang (that “evokes a refreshing, bright, slippery, cool sensation in the mouth”). “Actually quite a few readers have written to me and said ‘after reading that, we went to a restaurant, we ordered chicken feet, and we tried to eat that differently,’” she says.In 2016 and 2017, she gave presentations, workshops, or seminars about texture in New York, Oxford, and London. At one seminar in New York, Dunlop prepared a tasting with some jellyfish, a duck tongue, pig ears and so on. At a food conference in Oxford she gave a presentation about why even the richest people in China would want to eat duck tongue and other foods that in the West are traditionally considered “rubbish eaten by poor farmers.” After explaining the texture, she asked all the participants to taste the food. She asked her audience to put aside their prejudice and negative thoughts, and instead concentrate on the sensation in the mouth. “A lot of people said it was one of the best presentations they’d seen. It was totally fascinating because all these things are new for them,” she says. “They just probably thought duck tongue a bit weird , but they never actually considered why you might want to eat a duck’s tongue, so I’m like a kind of missionary for this. I’m trying to get people to open their minds.”1. What does Fuchsia Dunlop think of Chinese food?A) It is a barrier for many foreigners.B) It contains many strange ingredients.C) It stresses mouthfeel or texture. D) It stresses color, scent, and taste.2. Why does Fuchsia Dunlop refer to chicken feet, sea cucumber and so on?A) Because Chinese people are famously interested in their nutrition.B) Because Chinese people are famously interested in their texture. C) Because Westerners usually consider them pointless.D) Because Westerners think they taste like a bike’s inner tube or plastic bags.3. What does Fuchsia Dunlop think of mouthfeel in Chinese cuisines?A) It is the tenderness of just-cooked fish or meat.B) It is the particular quality of crispness.C) It evokes a refreshing, slippery, and cool sensation.D) It includes various sensations in the mouth. 4. In what way did Fuchsia Dunlop help people open their minds?A) She gave presentations, workshops, or seminars about texture. B) She lectured on different food cultures around the world.C) She gave a presentation at a food conference in Oxford.D) She asked audience to ignore the sensation in the mouth.5. Which of the following can best replace the word “weird” (underlined)?A) crazyB) strange C) terribleD) frightening