alter jealousy ongoing prohibit drownuniversal urge portray impact prospect1.If I had not worn a life jacket, I would have ______ in the lake.2.The presidential candidate’s election campaign has had a surprising ______ on young voters.3.There does not seem to be much ______ that this war will end soon.4.The ______ war has wreaked havocs on people of all the countries involved.5.Tasha felt a brief flash of ______ when Mika was picked to lead the project.6.Because these pants are too long on me, I will have to ______ them.7.Investigators have ______ that safety procedures at the site should be improved.8.The film ______ women as helpless victims.9.The law ______ the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of nineteen.10.Music is considered by many to be a(n) ______ language.

() 17.A.Since he found a girlfriend.-|||-B.Since he took to heavy smoking.-|||-C.Since he began to exercise regularly.-|||-D.Since he started to live on his own.

[单选题]The opposite of the prefix brady- is ___.A. mal-B. anti-C. tachy-D. peri-

"This job is killing me!" That statement may seem to be an exaggeration, but in looking closely at the work environment, it has become apparent there is a serious problem affecting the productivity of organizations. This problem has been coined "professional suicide", by a company which was among the first to become aware of the problem. Professional suicide, a widespread but rarely studied phenomenon is costing companies not only dollars and cents, but the talents and skills of many bright and creative key employees. The (症状) affects the talented hard-driving employees with strong accomplishment needs. Those who are most likely to be affected are good employees who constantly operate in a crisis situation because of management’s lack of planning or leadership. These initially highly-motivated employees begin the suicidal process within three to five years after developing a solid record within the organization. The despair of not achieving what they want in what seems by now to be an absolutely hopeless situation has begun to influence their self-confidence. These upwardly mobile employees suddenly reverse course. Their work begins to become worse. They lose interest and fail to keep up with new on-the-job developments. They develop physical complaints and seem unable to change this downward trend. Sometimes they take another job beneath their capabilities. Many times they do things they surely know they will be fired for doing. In short, in many ways they rapidly and illogically destroy their careers and sometimes themselves. What causes this apparent self-destruction It is the result of a battle between specific characteristics of both the individual and the organizational environment. In the individual, problems have arisen in the satisfaction of basic needs common to all human beings. These basic needs described by Maslow as the " (等级) of Human Needs" are recognition and a sense of self-respect, growth and development, a sense of purpose and a structure from which to view the world. When people are unable to meet these needs in the organization, they leave or become inefficient because they’re frustrated. A frequent cause of professional suicide is that the behavior required for survival demands unacceptable violations of a person’s values. Not being able to be totally frank with individuals on projects is one example. On projects, the rule is that team effort is expected, but in the end, individuals aren’t rewarded―the team is king. If an individual works only in team efforts, they will seldom receive individual recognition. This lack of individual recognition begins to affect their egos and self-respect. If the way to survive in an organization requires individuals to lie or to be deceptive, they will either avoid doing what it takes to get ahead in that organization, or do what it takes and feel guilty when they survive and progress. The degree to which the situation degrades, devalues, or shames the person is highly individual. The organizational characteristics that create professional suicide are in direct opposition to basic individual needs. These characteristics become obvious by management’s lack of setting specific goals and objectives or the "rules of the game" are confusing. Evaluation, feedback and individual performance reviews are carelessly managed or ineffective. Reward systems based on organizational resuks are non- existent or poorly defined. Anxiety, competition and guilt, rather than a reward system are used as motivators. This lack of clear communication provides a powerful (替罪羊) for managerial incompetence. If employees in lower positions get into trouble when tasks were poorly defined, they take the blame, after all, they were told―albeit the communication was confusing. Dr. Donald W. Cole, author of Professional Suicide, a Survival Kit for You and Your Job (1981, McGraw-Hill) conducted a study of corporate life. The style of corporate leadership he identified as necessary for keeping people healthy and productive offered a clear vision for the future―engage the employees in goal setting and planning; provide performance evaluations on a regular basis along with recognition and rewards. This style of management may seem self-evident as a good one, but it has proven remarkably difficult to convince many companies to implement it. It has long been known that people need to have a sense of direction. People need to have the security to anticipate what is going to occur as a result of the actions they plan to take or have taken. They need to know if what they are doing is important and valued. And finally, they want to have a sense of belonging to an organization that provides opportunity for growth and development. When management doesn’t provide adequate information for employees to anticipate probable outcomes, anxiety follows. Employees need to have feedback to stimulate growth and development. Without feedback, people begin assuming the worst and the anxiety that results from it leads to reactive behavior, which is actually a protective response. This protective behavior occurs so the employee can survive in what she/he perceives as an unfriendly environment. Thus, the once bright and creative employee retires in place merely making no progress until official retirement. The cycle of productive decay is the (恶化) of the very skills companies need to stop the circle of productivity loss. These employees figuratively and literally get into a cycle of personal and professional suicide. The threat posed by professional suicide to the employee and its equally dangerous threat to the organization is obvious―individuals lose their careers and the organization not only loses its best employees, but also leads to the expense of replacing them, which is estimated to be approximately 60,000 per person. In some organizations, this could mean the difference between success and failure. In order to prevent employees and the organizational structure from the suicidal cycle, hiring practices need to look for managers and leaders with vision and the ability to set goals and define a purpose. Communication, feedback, support and encouragement provide a sense of personal worth and freedom from working overload.What should be done in hiring practices to prevent employees and organizations from the suicidal cycle A. Raising the salaries of managers and employees.B. Improving working environment and welfares.C. Attaching great importance to employees’ needs.D. Hiring managers and leaders with vision and competence.

At the top of the A-frames there is a strong cast iron frame called （）.A. cylinder linerB. cylinder coverC. the gear boxD. the scavenging box

_ valve lies between the left atrium and ventricle.A. TricuspidB. MitralC. PulmonaryD. Aortic

Energy firm Npower is to cut up to 2,500 jobs, more than a fifth of its UK workforce, with details to be announced this week.Npower, which is owned by the German energy giant RWE, employs 11,500 people in Britain and is one of the big six gas and electricity suppliers in the UK.Last year it posted a loss of £48m for the first nine months of the year.In February Npower announced a 5.2% cut in its gas price, taking effect on 28 March—a £32 average annual reduction to customers on a standard domestic tariff.Like other energy suppliers, it is under pressure from ministers and consumer groups to lower energy bills for customers amid a rapid decline in oil prices.The news on job losses also comes days before UK competition regulators unveil plans to make the energy market more transparent for consumers.1.What is the main idea of the news report?A) Npower is to cut up to 2,500 jobs, over a fifth of its UK workforce.B) Npower posted a loss of £48 for the first nine months last year.C) Npower is one of the big five gas and electricity suppliers in the UK.D) Npower announced a 2.5% cut in its gas price for the domestic pressure.2.What does the news report say about the Npower firm?A) The German energy giant RWE belongs to Npower.B) There are 11,500 employees in Npower.C) Npower supplies customers with gas and oil.D) Npower makes a big profit from selling gas.3.What is the common problem for energy suppliers?A) There is a sudden increase in oil prices.B) They have to reduce energy bills for customers.C) UK competition regulators set a new policy.D) The energy market will be more transparent for consumers.

The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register. B. dialect. C. slang. D. variety.PART IV PROOFREADING ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "" sign and write theword you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of theline.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in theblank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit, (1)________it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2)________them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3)________Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19thcentury, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th(5) _______century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation onANSWER SHEET THREE.泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到1岁的孩子接回来。但泊珍看他第一眼，仿似一声雷劈头而来。令她晕头胀脑，这l岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去!痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑罩。她将秘密留在心头。SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the underlined part of the following text into Chines~ Write your translation onANSWER SHEET THREE.In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible forproducing a "boomerang effect"; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reducein the first place.The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women ofgoodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 inan effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policiesseem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some collegestudents who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会,酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners ea~er to keep their liquor licenses) nowretreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer controltheir behaviour - or their drinking.The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicitdrugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing thesupply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband (违禁品）confiscated, the price ofstreet drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap altematives have begun to compete in themarketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugsthey replace.boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to retum to the thrower回飞镖PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)A recent survey of 2,000 college students asked about their attitudes towards phone calls and text-messaging (also known as Short Message Service) and found the students' main goal was to pass along information in as little time, with as little small talk, as possible. "What they like most about their mobile devices is that they can reach other people," says Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics atAmericanUniversityinWashington,D.C., who conducted the survey. "What they like least is that other people can reach them." How far do you agree with Professor Baron?In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main,argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instrl~ctions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.-THE END –2012年专八英语考试真题答案（北京环球时代版）一、听力（略）二、阅读Text A11. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.12. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.13. how I could contribute to water conversation.14. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. exaggeration.16. Humorous.Text B17. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.18.U.S.class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.19. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.Text C22. showed a wide interest.23. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.24. remained the same as usual.25. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.Text D26. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.28. resulted in similar disparaging remarks onLincoln.29. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30.Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.

Complete each sentence with a word from the box. Change the form where --- necessary. dispose disturb endure evaluate exhaust invest recite reproduce seize strike 1) As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can _ not only your muscles, but also your eyes. 2) Don't_a person on the basis of appearance. 3.I can _ this poem without looking at it for I know it by heart. 4. It _ me as odd that the man didn't introduce himself before he spoke. 5. She opened the door quietly so as not to _ the sleeping baby. 6) The old lady _ much of her time in charity work and even donated her own house before she passed away. (7) The turtles return to the coast to _. 8. They have no way to _ of the harmful waste they produce. 9. Astronauts have to _ many discomforts in their spaceships. 10. You should _ every opportunity to practice English.

The branch of medicine that deals with the blood and related organs is called ______.A. pathologyB. mycologyC. hematologyD. physiology