A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B)It sponsors major jazz concerts.So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are________with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them- especially in________situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars withgrilles(护柳))that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this________as increasing a car's fiiendliness.A)alleviateB)apparentlyC)arrogantD)associatedE) circumstancesF) competitiveG) concededH) consciousnessI)desiresJ)excludedK)featureL)lonelySection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains infonnation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fi om which the infonnation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Ansyver the questions by marking the coiresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why More Farmers Are Switching to Grass-Fed Meat and Diary[A]Though he didn't come from a fanning family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines likeThe Stockman Grass Fanner and Graze,he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B]Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass- fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt andkefir（发酵乳饮品）,on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is comparison with a drop of just under1%in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn't going to suffice.[C]His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Aniburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than80%of those farms coming on board during the last two years.[D]All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began,with no end in sight. Jospeh has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland's natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.[E]Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement, Grazing herds stimulatemicrobial（微 生物的）activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.[F]In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they'1。doing is not working. That's when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer's milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter-fat and other solids.[G]While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands-on and comprehensive, ifs just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to- peer learning a core piece of the company's culture. Last sunmiei Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring tomarket 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally aimounce the network at fanning conferences and on social media, he's received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.[H]Smith says he'll piovide services ranging from fbmial seminars to on-farm workshops onholistic（整体的）management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.[I]Though advocates portray grass-fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20%above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%.[J]And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost- effective model. "The sun piovides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,“ he says.[K]Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat- based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they'ie advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC's most successfill product-the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar-Collins and Foixest found they'd exliausted their sources forbison（ d匕美 野牛）raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn.[L]But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of 2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is, “You can purchase this 3 million piece of land here, because I'm guaranteeing you today yoif 11 have 1,000 bison on if We'ie bringing new blood into the old, conventional fanning ecosystem, which is really cool to see,“ Collins explains.

AdvertisingAdvertising is only part of the total sales effort，but it is the part that attracts the most attention.This is natural enough because advertising is designed for just that purpose.The simplest kind of advertising is the classified (分类)ad.Every day the newspapers carry a few pages of these ads; in the large Sunday editions(版本) there may be several sections (部分)of them.A classified ad is usually only a few lines long.It is really a notice or an announcement that something is available.Newspapers also carry a large amount of display advertising.Newspapers generally reach an audience only in a limited area.To bring their message to a larger audience，many who want to put out their ads use national magazines.Many of the techniques of modern advertising were developed in magazine ads.The use of bright colors，attractive pictures，and short messages is all characteristics(特色) of magazine ads.The most important purpose is to catch the eye.The message itself is usually short，often no more than a slogan which the public identifies(确认) with the product.The same techniques have been carried over into television advertising.Voices and music have been added to colors and pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye.Television ads are repeated over and over again so that the audience sees and hears them many times.Commercial(商业的) television has mixed entertainment(娱乐) and advertising.

9.[判断题] Pets can empathize with their owners' feelings.( )A. 对B. 错

The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain 26_____ , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27_____ . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28_____ to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29_____ loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30_____ in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants’ phones 31_____ substituted for real friends. At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32_____ ”. So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33_____ with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrowfaced ones, and preferred them—especially in 34_____ situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles ( 护栅 ) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35_____ as increasing a car’s friendliness.

I've seen the same film ______ you saw yesterday．（ ）A. thatB. whichC. asD. like

These houses are sold at such a low price____ people expected．（ ）A. likeB. asC. thatD. which

A.Four. B.Three. C.Two. D.One.

The Street-Level Solution A) When I was growing up, one of my father’s favorite sayings (borrowed from the humorist Will Rogers) was: “It isn’t what we don’t know that causes the trouble: it’s what we think we know that just ain’t so.” One of the main insights to be taken from the 100 000 Homes Campaign and its strategy to end chronic homelessness is that, until recently, our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness, but it didn’t. B) That led to a series of mistaken assumptions about why people become homeless and what they need. Many of the errors in our homelessness policies have stemmed from the conception that the homeless are a homogeneous group. It’s only in the past 15 years that organizations like Common Ground, and others, have taken a street-level view of the problem―distinguishing the “ episodically homeless” from the “chronically homeless” in order to understand their needs at an individual level. This is why we can now envisage a different approach and get better results. C) Most readers expressed support for the effort, although a number were skeptical, and a few utterly dismissive, about the chances of long-term homeless people adapting well to housing. This is to be expected; it’s hard to imagine what we haven’t yet seen. As Niccolo Machiavelli wrote in The Prince, one of the major obstacles in any effort to advance systemic change is the “incredulity of men,” which is to say that people “do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them.” Most of us have witnessed homeless people on the streets for decades. Few have seen formerly homeless people after they have been housed successfully. We don’t have reference points for that story. So we generalize from what we know or think we know. D) But that can be misleading, even to experts. When I asked Rosanne Haggerty, founder of Common Ground, which currently operates 2310 units of supportive housing (with 552 more under construction), what had been her biggest surprise in this work, she replied: “ Fifteen years ago, I would not have believed that people who had been so broken and stuck in homelessness could thrive to the degree that they do in our buildings. ” And Becky Kanis, the campaign’s director, commented: “There is this sense in our minds that someone who’s on the streets is almost in their DNA different from someone who has a house. The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that that is really not the case. ” E) One of the startling realizations that I had while researching this column is that anybody could become like a homeless person―all it takes is a traumatic（创伤的）brain injury. A bicycle fall, a car accident, a slip on the ice, or if you’re a soldier, a head wound―and your life could become unrecognizable. James O’ Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he’s met had such a brain injury. “For many it was a head injury prior to the time they became homeless.” he said. “They became unpredictable. They’d have mood swings, fits of explosive behavior. They couldn’t hold onto their jobs. Drinking made them feel better. They’d end up on the streets. ” F) Once homeless people return to housing, they’re in a much better position to rebuild their lives. But it’s important to note that housing alone is not enough. As with many complex social problems, when you get through the initial crisis, you have another problem to solve which is no less challenging. But it is a better problem. G) Over the past decade. O’Connell has seen this happen. “I spend half my time on the streets or in the hospital and the other half making house calls to people who lived for years on the streets.” he said. "So from a doctor’s point of view it’s a delightful switch, but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems. It’s the first step.” H) Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely. If they’ve lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills. Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away. Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset. “If you’re homeless for more than six months, you kind of lose your bearings,” says Haggerty. "Existence becomes not about overcoming homelessness but about finding food, begging, looking for a job to survive another day. The whole process of how you define stability gets reordered.” I) Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses-and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food. J) For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal（集体）residence, with special services. This isn’t available everywhere, however. In Boston, for example- homeless people tend to be scattered in apartments throughout the city. K) Common Ground’s large residences in New York offer insight into the possibilities for change when homeless people have a rich array of supports. In addition to more traditional social services, residents also make use of communal gardens, classes in things like cooking, yoga, theatre and photography, and job placement. Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground’s residences, found jobs. L) Because the properties have many services and are well-managed. Haggerty has found posthousing problems to be surprisingly rare. In the past 10 years, there have been only a handful of incidents of quarrels between tenants. There is very little graffiti（涂鸦）or vandalism（破坏）. And the turnover is almost negligible. In the Prince George Hotel in New York, which is home to 208 formerly homeless people and 208 low-income tenants, the average length of tenancy is close to seven years. (All residents pay 30 percent of their income for rent; for the formerly homeless, this comes out of their government benefits.) When people move on, it is usually because they’ve found a preferable apartment. M) “Tenants also want to participate in shaping the public areas of the buildings,” said Haggerty. “They formed a gardening committee. They want a terrace on the roof. Those are things I didn’t count on.” The most common tenant demand “People always want more storage space-but that’s true of every New Yorker,” she adds. “In many ways, we’re a lot like a normal apartment building. Our tenants look like anyone else.” N) As I mentioned, homelessness is a catch-all for a variety of problems. A number of readers asked whether the campaign will address family homelessness, which has different causes and requires a different solution. I’ve been following some of the promising ideas emerging to address and prevent family homelessness. Late in 2011, I’ll explore these ideas in a column. For now, I’ll conclude with an update on the 100000 Homes Campaign. Since Tuesday, New Orleans and a few other communities have reported new results. The current count of people housed is 7043.Tenants in Common Ground’s residences all want more room for storage.

We're sorry it has taken us so long to respond_your query about this product .A. byB. forC. withD. to

4. He decided to ___ psychology after discovering his passion for the human mind and behavior.A. turn outB. resort toC. major inD. give