For this part, please write an essay on the given topic Are people becoming addicted to technology? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Passage TenWorld Wildlife Fund News about the environment is dismal these days. Air pollution is threatening the survival of plants and animals and the welfare of people around the world. Millions of acres of forests have been burnt in the last three decades, costing a huge number of lives and a tremendous amount of money. By the year 2025, up to two-thirds of the world’s population is predicted to experience water shortages. And every day, loss of habitat, illegal trade, over-hunting, and economic development destroy wildlife to a greater extent. Background The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (known as WWF) safeguards nature and ecological processes. Its mission is "to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature." Through policy work, advocacy, grass-roots action, education, and capacity building, WWF acts to: ・ Conserve the world’s biological diversity ・ Ensure that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable ・ Promote the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption How WWF Began WWF was started after a trip was made in 1960 by the renowned British biologist and first General Director of UNESCO, Sir Julian Huxley, who went to East Africa to report on wildlife conservation in the area. Huxley was not pleased by what he observed and warned that much of the region’s wildlife could disappear within the next 20 years. In response to his admonition, early the next year, a group of committed experts gathered to establish an organization that would support conservation efforts. The group decided to base its operations in Switzerland. At the same time, a panda named Chi-Chi was a widely popular attraction at the London Zoo. The group decided that a panda would make a superb logo for the new organization. WWF Today Currently, there are 24 affiliates of WWF International, plus five organizations that are associated with WWF but operate under a different name. In addition, WWF has primary offices and associates in over 40 countries. Two offices note are the WWF office in Brussels, which deals with the policies and activities of the European Union (EU), and the WWF office in Washington, D.C., which works to influence global institutions involved in international economic issues. WWF outgrew its headquarters in Switzerland after its first two decades, and in 1979, thanks to an anonymous donation, the organization moved from Morges to the city of Gland. In 1986, WWF changed its official name from "World Wildlife Fund" to "World Wildlife Fund for Nature", though the U.S. and Canada have continued to use "World Wildlife Fund". In 2001, the organization won a legal claim against the World Wrestling Federation (now World Wrestling Entertainment) over use of the initials WWF. How WWF Is Structured The founders of WWF established the National Appeals, now known as National Organizations. These are separate legal entities that are responsible to their own boards and accountable to their donors. They give up to two-thirds of the funds they raise to the intemational secretariat (at WWF International) and keep the remainder to spend on whichever conservation projects they choose. WWF International is accountable to the National Organizations, donors, and the Swiss authorities. Offices of WWF fall into one of two categories: ・ Those that can raise funds and carry out work independently ・ Those that must work under the direction ofone ofthe independent WWF offices All offices, however, carry out local conservation work such as practical field projects, scientific research, advising governments on environmental policy, promoting environmental education, and raising awareness of environmental issues. To keep operations going, in 1970, the President of WWF International, Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, otherwise known as the "Flying Prince of Conservation", set up a fund known as "The 1,00l: A Nature Trust", to which 1,001 individuals each contributed 10,000 (totaling just over 10 million). Interest from the trust fund helps WWF International to meet its administration costs. Since 1983, WWF has collaborated with postal authorities in more than 200 countries to feature select threatened species on official postage stamps, so far raising over 13 million. In total, contributions from individuals remain the organization’s most important source of funds, making up approximately half of its annual income. Governments and aid agencies provide 20 percent of WWF’s income, while 16 percent comes from trusts and legacies and 17 percent comes from other sources, including donations from corporations and royalties on merchandise. What WWF Does Throughout its more than 40 years, WWF has contributed significantly to the development and impact of the world conservation movement and to sustainable development. Here are a few examples of the impressive work WWF has done: ・ Project Tiger-Launched in 1973, WWF set up a task force with Indira Gandhi to put aside land for nine tiger reserves in India. India later added six more reserves, while Nepal followed suit with three, and Bangladesh with one. Today, there are 23 tiger reserves in India spread over an area of about 33,000 square kilometers ( 12,700 square miles). Outside of India, WWF is working to protect Sumatran tigers in Indonesia, Indo-Chinese tigers in Malaysia, Bengal tigers in Nepal, and Siberian tigers in Russia. ・ Tropical Rainforest Campaign-Launched in 1975, WWF raised money and arranged for several dozen representative tropical rainforest areas in Central and West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America to be managed as national parks or reserves. A second tropical forest campaign was launched in 1982 at the opening of the national parks congress in Bali (Indonesia), which mobilized roughly 2.5 million for projects in 11 countries. Forest conservation has been taken seriously as a major habitat issue ever since. ・ The Seas Must Live-Launched in 1976, WWF set up marine sanctuaries for whales, dolphins, and seals, and to protect marine turtle nesting sites. Currently, WWF is working around the world to save our seas and marine life by building up political will to end chronic overfishing, reducing the use of destructive fishing methods, rebuilding devastated fisheries, and improving resource management. ・ Save the Rhino-Launched in 1979, WWF raised over 1 million to combat rhino poaching. Thanks to the efforts of WWF, the number of rhinoceroses in Kaziranga National Park, India, rose from 400 in 1966 to 1,300 in 1995; in Chitwan Park, Nepal, from 60 in the late 1960s to 600 today; and in southern Africa, from 20 at the turn of the last century to nearly 8,000 today. ・ World Conservation Strategy-In 1980, WWF published a recommended set of strategies that suggest taking a holistic approach and highlight the importance of using natural resources in a sustainable fashion. The strategy defined the three chief goals of conservation: maintenance of essential ecological processes and life support systems; preservation of genetic diversity; and sustainable use of species and ecosystems. Since the launch, 50 countries have formulated and initiated their own conservation strategies based on WWF’s recommendations. Today, WWF focuses its efforts on six global issues. They fall into three categories: ・ Three Biomes-WWF is working to conserve forests, freshwater ecosystems, and oceans and coasts, which contain the bulk of the world’s biodiversity and provide the environmental goods and services upon which all life ultimately depends. ・ The Question of Speeies-WWF has identified a small number of flagship species whose conservation is of special concern. ・ Two Global Threats-WWF is working to address consequences resulting from the spread of toxic chemicals and the phenomenon of climate change.In 1960, WWF was established by Julian Huxley who was a famous______ A．art and literature director of UNESCOB．architecture and first general director of UNESCOC．anthropologist and first general director of UNESCOD．biologist and first general director of UNESCO

pp ac e nk-|||-太空垃圾-|||-1 In 1997 Lottie Williams was-|||-walking through a park in-|||-Oklahoma,in the US,with her-|||-friends.Suddenly somethin-|||-tapped her on the shoulder-|||-and fell to the ground.She-|||-picked the object up.It was-|||-about as heavy as an empty-|||-soda can.Later,scientists told-|||-her it was a piece of a Delta II-|||-rocket that had been used to-|||-launch a satellite.-|||-2 Many countries around the-|||-world have sent satellites into-|||-space.We need satellites to-|||-send and receive TV and radio-|||-signals,to report the weather-|||-and for many other things.But when they become old or they break down or we don`t-|||-need them any more,we just leave them there.They become space junk.-|||-Scientists think there are about 1616,000 objects larger than 10 centimeters wide flying 20-|||-around the Earth,and tens of millions of smaller objects too.They travel at around-|||-7 kilometers a second.That`s fast!And it`s their speed that makes these pieces of space-|||-junk really dangerous.If one small piece of space junk hits something at high speed,it-|||-can do a lot of damage.Luckily,there haven`t been many collisions.But in 2009,an-|||-old Russian satellite hit and destroyed an American satellite-and that created 2,000-|||-new pieces of space junk!-|||-Pieces of space junk re-enter the Earth`s atmosphere every day.But Lottie Williams-|||-is the only person who has been hit.The piece that hit her was light,and the air in the-|||-atmosphere had slowed it down.Most space junk burns up and doesn`t reach the-|||-Earth`s surface.But in 2011,a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell to Earth in-|||-Namibia,Africa.It made a hole in the ground 30 centimeters deep and over 3 meters-|||-wide.Lottie was lucky she wasn`t hit by that!pp ac e nk-|||-太空垃圾-|||-1 In 1997 Lottie Williams was-|||-walking through a park in-|||-Oklahoma,in the US,with her-|||-friends.Suddenly somethin-|||-tapped her on the shoulder-|||-and fell to the ground.She-|||-picked the object up.It was-|||-about as heavy as an empty-|||-soda can.Later,scientists told-|||-her it was a piece of a Delta II-|||-rocket that had been used to-|||-launch a satellite.-|||-2 Many countries around the-|||-world have sent satellites into-|||-space.We need satellites to-|||-send and receive TV and radio-|||-signals,to report the weather-|||-and for many other things.But when they become old or they break down or we don`t-|||-need them any more,we just leave them there.They become space junk.-|||-Scientists think there are about 1616,000 objects larger than 10 centimeters wide flying 20-|||-around the Earth,and tens of millions of smaller objects too.They travel at around-|||-7 kilometers a second.That`s fast!And it`s their speed that makes these pieces of space-|||-junk really dangerous.If one small piece of space junk hits something at high speed,it-|||-can do a lot of damage.Luckily,there haven`t been many collisions.But in 2009,an-|||-old Russian satellite hit and destroyed an American satellite-and that created 2,000-|||-new pieces of space junk!-|||-Pieces of space junk re-enter the Earth`s atmosphere every day.But Lottie Williams-|||-is the only person who has been hit.The piece that hit her was light,and the air in the-|||-atmosphere had slowed it down.Most space junk burns up and doesn`t reach the-|||-Earth`s surface.But in 2011,a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell to Earth in-|||-Namibia,Africa.It made a hole in the ground 30 centimeters deep and over 3 meters-|||-wide.Lottie was lucky she wasn`t hit by that!pp ac e nk-|||-太空垃圾-|||-1 In 1997 Lottie Williams was-|||-walking through a park in-|||-Oklahoma,in the US,with her-|||-friends.Suddenly somethin-|||-tapped her on the shoulder-|||-and fell to the ground.She-|||-picked the object up.It was-|||-about as heavy as an empty-|||-soda can.Later,scientists told-|||-her it was a piece of a Delta II-|||-rocket that had been used to-|||-launch a satellite.-|||-2 Many countries around the-|||-world have sent satellites into-|||-space.We need satellites to-|||-send and receive TV and radio-|||-signals,to report the weather-|||-and for many other things.But when they become old or they break down or we don`t-|||-need them any more,we just leave them there.They become space junk.-|||-Scientists think there are about 1616,000 objects larger than 10 centimeters wide flying 20-|||-around the Earth,and tens of millions of smaller objects too.They travel at around-|||-7 kilometers a second.That`s fast!And it`s their speed that makes these pieces of space-|||-junk really dangerous.If one small piece of space junk hits something at high speed,it-|||-can do a lot of damage.Luckily,there haven`t been many collisions.But in 2009,an-|||-old Russian satellite hit and destroyed an American satellite-and that created 2,000-|||-new pieces of space junk!-|||-Pieces of space junk re-enter the Earth`s atmosphere every day.But Lottie Williams-|||-is the only person who has been hit.The piece that hit her was light,and the air in the-|||-atmosphere had slowed it down.Most space junk burns up and doesn`t reach the-|||-Earth`s surface.But in 2011,a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell to Earth in-|||-Namibia,Africa.It made a hole in the ground 30 centimeters deep and over 3 meters-|||-wide.Lottie was lucky she wasn`t hit by that!pp ac e nk-|||-太空垃圾-|||-1 In 1997 Lottie Williams was-|||-walking through a park in-|||-Oklahoma,in the US,with her-|||-friends.Suddenly somethin-|||-tapped her on the shoulder-|||-and fell to the ground.She-|||-picked the object up.It was-|||-about as heavy as an empty-|||-soda can.Later,scientists told-|||-her it was a piece of a Delta II-|||-rocket that had been used to-|||-launch a satellite.-|||-2 Many countries around the-|||-world have sent satellites into-|||-space.We need satellites to-|||-send and receive TV and radio-|||-signals,to report the weather-|||-and for many other things.But when they become old or they break down or we don`t-|||-need them any more,we just leave them there.They become space junk.-|||-Scientists think there are about 1616,000 objects larger than 10 centimeters wide flying 20-|||-around the Earth,and tens of millions of smaller objects too.They travel at around-|||-7 kilometers a second.That`s fast!And it`s their speed that makes these pieces of space-|||-junk really dangerous.If one small piece of space junk hits something at high speed,it-|||-can do a lot of damage.Luckily,there haven`t been many collisions.But in 2009,an-|||-old Russian satellite hit and destroyed an American satellite-and that created 2,000-|||-new pieces of space junk!-|||-Pieces of space junk re-enter the Earth`s atmosphere every day.But Lottie Williams-|||-is the only person who has been hit.The piece that hit her was light,and the air in the-|||-atmosphere had slowed it down.Most space junk burns up and doesn`t reach the-|||-Earth`s surface.But in 2011,a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell to Earth in-|||-Namibia,Africa.It made a hole in the ground 30 centimeters deep and over 3 meters-|||-wide.Lottie was lucky she wasn`t hit by that!

It is officially known as the Swiss Re Tower, or 30 St. Mary Axe. Londoners universally refer to the new 41-story building as "the Gherkin (小黄瓜) ", though it actually looks more like a pine cone. As a typical example of green architecture, what is most remarkable about the building is its energy-efficiency. Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building. Green architecture is changing the way buildings are designed, built and run. Proponents (支持者) of green architecture argue that the approach has many benefits. In the case of a large office, for example, the combination of green design techniques and clever technology can not only reduce energy consumption and environmental impact, but also reduce running costs, create a more pleasant working environment, improve employees’ health and productivity, reduce legal liability, and boost property values and rental returns. Green architecture, a term which only came into use in the 1990s, has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s, when architects began to question the wisdom of building enclosed glass-and-steel boxes that required massive heating and cooling systems. Early proponents of more energy-efficient architecture included William McDonough, Bruce Fowle and Robert Fox in America, Thomas Herzog in Germany, and Norman Foster and Richard Rogers in Britain. These forward-looking architects began to explore designs that focused on the long-term environmental impact of maintaining and operating a building. This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems, such as the BREEAM standard introduced in Britain in 1990, and the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standards developed by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) starting in 2000. The LEED standards are intended to produce "the world’s greenest and best buildings" by giving developers a straightforward checklist of criteria by which the greenness of a building can be judged. Points are awarded in various categories, from energy use (up to 17 points) to water-efficiency (up to five points) to indoor environment quality (up to 15 points); the total then determines the building’s LEED rating. Extra points can be earned by installing particular features, such as renewable-energy generators or carbon-dioxide monitoring systems. A building that achieves a score "of 39 points earns a "gold" rating; 52 points earns a "platinum" rating. A gold-rated building is estimated to have reduced its environmental impact by 50% compared with an equivalent conventional building, and a platinum-rated building by over 70%. Green is good As green architecture moves into the mainstream, more green buildings came up. The USGBC says nearly 1,700 buildings in 50 states of America are now seeking LEED certification and 137 have been constructed and certified so far. The 48-story Conde Nast Building at 4 Times Square in New York was one of, the first examples in which green-architecture principles were applied to a large urban office building. In Britain, 70 office buildings constructed during 2003, representing 25% of the total by floor area, met the BREEAM standard. Similar standards have been adopted in New Zealand, Australia and Canada. In China, the Beijing Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games aims to host the first zero-net-emissions games, which will include constructing all buildings and sports locations using green-architecture-principles. There are many ways to reduce a building’s environmental impact. 30 St. Mary Axe, designed by Foster and .Partners, does so by using natural lighting and ventilation (通风) wherever possible. The facade ( 建筑物正面) consists of two layers of glass (the outer one double-glazed) enclosing a ventilated cavity with computer-controlled blinds. A system of weather sensors on the outside of the building monitors the temperature, wind speed and level of sunlight, closing blinds and opening window panels as necessary. The building’s shape maximizes the use of natural daylight, reducing the need for artificial lighting and providing impressive long-distance views even from deep inside the building. The highest-profile green building currently on the drawing board is the Freedom Tower, which will be built on the side of the World Trade Centre in New York. The main tower, which will rise 1,776 feet, will include solar panels and a wind farm, the turbines of which are expected to deliver around one megawatt of power, enough to provide up to 20% of the building’s expected demand. Like other green buildings, it will rely on natural light and ventilation, and energy-efficient lighting. High energy costs, environmental concerns and anxiety about the "sick building syndrome" associated with the sealed-box structures of the 1970s all helped to jump-start the green-architecture movement. But now economics is driving the shift towards greener design.Why it pays to be green Going green saves money by reducing long-term energy costs: a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than comparable conventional buildings. So any additional building costs can be recovered quickly: according to the UAGBC, the 2% increase in construction costs required to achieve a LEED gold rating typically pays for itself in lower running costs within two years. The traditional approach of trying to minimize construction costs, by contrast, can lead to higher energy bills and wasted materials. Energy-saving techniques need not all be exotic as installing coated glass, computer-controlled blinds or photovoltaic (光电的)cells. Michael Crosbie, an architect at Steven Winter Associates, a consultancy based in Norwalk, Connecticut, says builders are now insulating buildings more effectively, in some cases using materials such as recycled paper and fabrics, including old, shredded jeans. Green buildings can also have less obvious economic benefits. The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, as well as reducing energy costs, also seems to make workers more productive. Lockheed Martin, an aerospace firm, found that absenteeism fell by 15% after it move 2,500 employees into a new green building in Sunnyvale, California. Similarly, the use of daylight in shopping complexes appears to increase sales. It also found that students in naturally lit classrooms performed up to 20% better. The increase in productivity paid for the building’s higher construction costs within a year. Green buildings can also reduce legal liabilities for their owners, since they are less likely to give rise to "sick building" lawsuits. Despite its benefits and its growing popularity, green architecture is still the exception, not the rule, however. The main problem is co-ordination, for green buildings require much more planning by architects, engineers, builders and developers than traditional buildings. But new software is now improving planning by simulating how a building will perform before it is built. Greener by design In the old days, says Mr. Bernstein, vice-president of the building solutions division at Autodesk, a software company, assessing a building’s environmental impact had to be done with spreadsheets, calculators and informed guessing, and three-dimensional modeling was primarily used to prepare presentations. But now the three-dimensional computer models are being used with sophisticated analytical tools. It’s possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much material will be needed, and other parameters that determine its LEED certification. Computers also make possible entirely new designs. 30 St. Mary Axe, for example, could not have been built without a computer model to specify the exact shape of every one of its 5,500 glass panels, or to model the airflow in and around it. Similarly, computer modeling made possible the Avax office building completed in Athens, Greens, in 1998. It has sheaves of glass which open and close automatically, depending on the intensity and angle of the sun, to provide sunlight while preventing the building from overheating. The ventilation system in Pittsburgh’s Convention Centre uses the natural "chimney effect" created by its sweeping roof to draw air through vents by the fiver below, cooling the building without using a single fan.’ This is more than a mere fad, or the use of technology for the sake of it, says Mr. Bernstein. Green architecture will, he suggests, help to reshape the construction industry over the next five years, with ever more innovative, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly buildings. "No one is doing this for fun," he says. "There’s too much at stake.It seems that using natural daylight cannot ______. A. reduce energy costs and make workers more productive in green office buildingsB. increase sales in green shopping complexesC. make students perform better in green classroomsD. reduce legal liabilities for their owners in green architecture

We can't imagine ____________ in the entrance examination, for she has never been to school.A. she succeedingB. her succeedingC. she succeedD. her to succeed

Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Variability is crucially important for learning new skills. Consider learning how to serve in tennis. Should you always practise serving from the exactly same location on the court, aiming at the same spot? Although practising in more variable conditions will be slower at first, it will likely make you a better tennis player in the end. This is because variability leads to better generalisation of what is learned.This principle is found in many domains, including speech perception and learning categories. For instance, infants will struggle to learn the category "dog" if they are only exposed to Chihuahuas, instead of many different kinds of dogs."There are over ten different names for this basic principle," says Limor Raviv, the senior investigator of a recent study. "Learning from less variable input is often fast, but may fail to generalise to new stimuli."To identify key patterns and understand the underlying principles of variability effects, Raviv and her colleagues reviewed over 150 studies on variability and generalisation across fields, including computer science, linguistics, categorisation, visual perception and formal education.The researchers discovered that, across studies, the term variability can refer to at least four different kinds of variability, such as set size and scheduling. "These four kinds of variability have never been directly compared — which means that we currently don't know which is most effective for learning," says Raviv.The impact of variability depends on whether it is relevant to the task or not. But according to the "Mr. Miyagi principle", practising seemingly unrelated skills may actually benefit learning of other skills.But why does variability impact learning and generalisation? One theory is that more variable input can highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not.Another theory is that greater variability leads to broader generalisations. This is because variability will represent the real world better, including atypical (非典型的) examples.A third reason has to do with the way memory works: when training is variable, learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories."Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect of our daily life. Beyond affecting the way we learn language, motor skills, and categories, it even has an impact on our social lives," explains Raviv. "For example, face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community. Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory.""We hope this work will spark people's curiosity and generate more work on the topic," concludes Raviv. "Our paper raises a lot of open questions. Can we find similar effects of variability beyond the brain, for instance, in the immune system?"51. What does the passage say about infants learning the category "dog" if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only?A. They will encounter some degree of difficulty.B. They will try to categorise other objects first.C. They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species.D. They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions.52. What does Raviv say about the four different kinds of variability?A. Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed.B. Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood.C. Why they have never been directly compared remains a mystery.D. Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified.53. How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills?A. Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world.B. Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories.C. Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant.D. Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones.54. What does the passage say about face recognition?A. People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces.B. Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives.C. People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces.D. The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability.55. What does Raviv hope to do with their research work?A. Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill.B. Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education.C. Arouse people's interest in variability and stimulate more research on the topic.D. Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system.

Gray rooftop tiles recalled traditional hutong architecture.A. 屋顶的灰瓦使人想起传统的胡同建筑。B. 灰色屋顶瓦片回忆起传统的胡同建筑。。

To write his 2010 book, The 5-Factor World Diet, nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing.He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds, and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal. Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was, compared with many other countries.For starters, Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries. “We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally, and we also add lots of salt, sugar and thickening agents to our foods,” explained Pasternak. Contrast that with the healthy Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak’s book. They all seem to stick to the ethos (特质) of regional, seasonal produce.For example, a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake. Fish, chicken and red wine make moderate appearances, while red meat, salt and sugar are used much less often. The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s, and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight, lower their heart disease risk and reverse (逆转) diabetes.Most other health y eating cultures also make meals an event — say, multiple courses around the family table, or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch — as opposed to hastily (匆忙地) wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature. But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed. “The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American,” said. Pasternak. “So really, regardless of what you’re eating, if someone walks four miles more than you each day, they’re going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you.”1. Which of the following characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?A. Color.B. Flavor.C. Diversity.D. Taste.2. What can we know from paragraphs 3 and 4?A. Americans focus more on nutrition and flavor in the way of eating.B. Americans tend to healthily eat quite a lot in the way of eating.C. Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets prioritize local, seasonal produce.D. Diabetes or lung disease patients had better live an olive oil life.3. What is the similarity among people in most healthy eating cultures?A. They attach great importance to their meals.B. They always eat their meals regularly and timely.C. They get the whole family to eat around the table.D. They consume plenty of cereal hastily for dinner.4. What can we learn about people in healthy societies from the last paragraph?A. They walk considerably more.B. They go on a diet to live longer.C. They care more about body shape.D. They consume more organic food.

To write his 2010 book, The 5-Factor World Diet, nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing.He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds, and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal. Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was, compared with many other countries.For starters, American eat much bigger portions than people in other countries. "We don´t prioritize eating seasonally or locally, and we also add lots of salt, sugar and thickening agents to our foods," explained Pasternak. Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak´s book. They all seem to stick to the ethos (特质) of regional, seasonal produce.For example, a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake. Fish, chicken and red wine make moderate appearances, while red meat, salt and sugar are used much less often. The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s, and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight, lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event—say, multiple courses around the family table, or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch—as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature. But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed. "The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American," said Pasternak. "So really, regardless of what you´re eating, if someone´s walking four miles more than you each day, they´re going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you."1、What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?Variety.Flavor.Color.Naturalness.2、What is typical of Americans in the way of eating?They emphasize nutrition.They tend to eat quite a lot.They prioritize convenience.They care about flavors.3、What features in Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets?Fruits and vegetables.Olive oil and red wine.Seasonal local produce.Unprocessed ingredients.4、What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common?They get the whole family to eat at a table.They eat their meals regularly and punctually.They consume plenty of cereal for breakfast.They attach great importance to their meals.5、Compared with the average American, people in healthy societieswalk at least 4 miles a daydo considerably more walkingpay more attention to body shapeconsume a lot more organic food

Directions:In this task, you are to write an essay on the role of physical exercisein achieving success at college. You will have 30 minutes for the task.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.