Intelligence makes for better leaders - from undergraduates to managers to presidents - according to multiple studies． It certainly makes sense that handling a market shift or anything alike require intelligence． But new research on leadership suggests that， at a certain point， having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting． Although previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by objective measures， some studies have suggested that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective． Decades ago， Dean Simonton， a psychologist from the University of California， Davis， proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads， their solutions could be more complicated to carry out and followers might find it harder to relate to them． Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally tested that idea， publishing their results in the July 2017 issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology． The researchers looked at 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries across fields including banking， retail and technology． The managers took IQ tests and each was rated on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers． IQ positively correlated（和……正相关） with ratings of leader effectiveness， strategy formation， vision and several other characteristics - up to a point． The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120， which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers． Beyond that， the ratings declined． The researchers suggest the "ideal" IQ could be higher or lower in various fields， to 140 or 100， depending on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture． "It's an interesting and thoughtful paper，" says Paul Sackett， a management professor at University of Minnesota， who was not involved in the research． "To me． the right interpretation of the work would be that it highlights a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers，" he says． "The wrong interpretation would be， 'Don't hire high-IQ leaders．'" The study's lead author， John Antonakis， a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland， suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others - the way former U．S． President Barack Obama did． "I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence properly and still connect with the people，" Antonakis says， "is to speak in charming ways．"（1）The reason why those with high IQs are viewed as worse leaders is probably that ____ ．A． followers think of their leaders to be effectiveB． their IQ has a positive correlation with leader effectivenessC． they are hard to get their schemes across to followersD． their social skills can't be recognized in some work culture（2）Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between IQ points and leadership qualities？ ____ IQ points IQ points-|||-A. 120 B. 120 - --|||-100 100-|||-Leadership qualities Leadership qualities-|||-IQ points IQ points-|||-C. 120 D. 120 --|||-100 100-|||-Leadership qualities Leadership qualities（3）To improve their leadership， high-IQ leaders can ____ ．A． interpret the work they are involved inB． use inspiring and accessible languageC． take a course in leader effectivenessD． communication more with their followers（4）What could be the best title for the passage？ ____ A． A way to success for high-IQ leadersB． The latest research on intelligenceC． Choose to be a leader of low intelligenceD． Does a high IQ advance your leadership
A)Ir.r.n.bil.t.br>y.to.im.le.en. th.ir bus.nes. p.ans.B)Inability to kee. turning.out novel prod.cts.C)Lack of.a successful business model of their ow..D)Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. A)It is the secret to business success.B)It is the creation of something new.C)It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D)It is an essential part of business culture.7. A)Its hardworking employees.B)Its flexible promotion strategy.C)Its innovation culture.D)Its willingness to make investments.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throug. the centre.Questions 8 to 1. are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)He's got addicted to technology.B)He is not very good at socializing.C)He is crazy about text-messaging.D)He does not talk long on the phone.9. A)Talk big. B)Talk at length.C)Gossip a lot.D)Forget herself.10. A)He thought it was cool.B)He needed the practice.C)He wanted to stay connected with them.D)He had an urgent message to send.11. A)It poses a challenge to seniors.B)It saves both time and money.C)It is childish and unprofessional.D)It is cool and convenient.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A)He wants to change his job assignment.B)He is unhappy with his department manager.C)He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.D)He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.13. A)His workload was much too heavy.B)His immediate boss did not trust him.C)His colleagues often refused to cooperate.D)His salary was too low for his responsibility.14. A)He never knows how to refuse.B)He is always ready to help others.C)His boss has a lot of trust in him.D)His boss has no sense of fairness.15. A)Put all his complaints in writing.B)Wait and see what happens next.C)Learn to say no when necessary.D)Talk to his boss in person first.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)The importance of sleep to a healthy life.B)Reasons for Americans' decline in sleep.C)Some tips to improve the quality of sleep.D)Diseases associated with lack of sleep.17. A)They are more health-conscious.B)They are changing their living habits.C)They get less and less sleep.D)They know the dangers of lack of sleep.18. A)Their weight will go down.B)Their mind function will deteriorate.C)Their work efficiency will decrease.D)Their blood pressure will rise.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A)How much you can afford to pay.B)What course you are going to choose.C)Which university you are going to apply to.D)When you are going to submit your application.20. A)The list of courses studied.B)The full record of scores.C)The references from teachers.D)The personal statement.21. A)Specify what they would like to do after graduation.B)Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying.C)Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.D)Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A)It was equipped with rubber tyres.B)It was built in the late 19th century.C)It was purchased by the Royal family.D)It was designed by an English engineer.23. A)They consumed lots of petrol.B)They took two passengers only.C)They were difficult to drive.D)They often broke down.24. A)They were produced on the assembly line.B)They were built with less costly materials.C)They were modeled after British cars.D)They were made for ordinary use.25. A)It made news all over the world.B)It was built for the Royal family.C)It marked a new era in motor travel.D)It attracted large numbers of motorists.PartReading ComprehensionSection ADire.tions:In this section, ther. is a passage with te. blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body g.od, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own,________to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a________of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic________, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school,________in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data wil. certainly fue. the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to________on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from stud. time. With standardized test scores in the U.S.________in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these finding. show, exercise and academics may not be________exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood________to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are________to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve________and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections:In this section, you ar. going t. read a passage with te. statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your.elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment fewparents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything madeclear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industrysimply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that anout-modedstereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one's homew.rk really steer families to thebest places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am abo.t to make things more complicated by suggestin. that what kind of facility an olderperson lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adultchildren look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make adifference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care,let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and apoor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctionsbetween one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The mos. recent of these studies, published inThe journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential carehomes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchersfrom the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number ofquestions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well asabout the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of thestudy. Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonableassumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if theycan't?[F] In.the initial results, assiste. living residents did paint the most positive picture. They wereless likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance,and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But.when the researcher. plugged.in a number of other variables. such differences disappeared.It is not the housing type, they found. that creates differences in residents' responses. “It isthe characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personalcharacteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robisonexplained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they hadlived there also proved significant.[H] An e.derl. person who describe. herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no les. depressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. Aperson who had input into wher. he would move and has had time to adapt to it might d. aswell in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is aninteraction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to betteror worse experiences. “You can't just say, 'Let's put this person in a residential care homeinstead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,'” Dr. Robison said. What matters,she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”
. The school’s music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and two __________ on the weekend.A. moreB. otherC. elseD. another
— Was Martin sorry for what he’d done?— __________. It was just like him!A. Never mindB. All rightC. Not reallyD. Not surprisingly
For this part, you will write a short passageentitled Protecting Privacy on the Internet. You shouldwrite at least 180 words following the outline given below.1.互联网为信息传播提供了便利2.同时也很容易侵犯他人隐私3.我的看法
What did the author’s own research find about social media?A. It influences employees’ work negatively.B. It does much harm to employee loyalty.C. It kills employees’ motivation for work.D. It affects employers’ decision-making.
I saw _ news about the matter on Night Fort last night .A. piece ofB. a piece ofC. aD. an
Are you diligently exercising but seeing no result around your midsection(上腹部)? It's not just you. Two new studies may explain why many people who begin exercise programs often lose little to no weight in the long run.In the first study, published in the online science journal PLoS One, researchers compared the daily energy consumption of Westerners and the Hadza, a population of hunter-gatherers living in northern Tanzania. Many believe modern Westerners burn fewer calories than in the past because their lives have become more sedentary(久坐的). The Hadza, who are generally very thin, hunt and look for food without modern tools such as vehicles or guns. Men walk about seven miles each day, while women walk about half that.What was surprising was that although the Hadza seem to be more active, the researchers found little difference in calories burned between the Hadza and the Westerners.The second study, published in Obesity Reviews, analyzed the effect of exercise interventions on body composition. The researchers found that—contrary to popular belief—when people exercise but keep their energy intake constant, their resting metabolic(新陈代谢的)rate actually goes down. Exercises who ate more calories than they usually do did burn more fat than predicted, but some overate and negated the effects of their hard work.These studies suggest two things: exercise programs may not lead to as much calories burn as you would think, and many people start eating more when they exercise, and they may eat too much.Bottom line, if you start exercising to lose weight, you won't succeed with the mentality of “I can eat anything because I'll burn it off later.” You will have better results if you choose a healthy diet of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats while exercising. Although these two studies show that diet may be more important than exercise for weight loss, don't discount the other benefits of exercise, including decreased stress and anxiety, improved mood and reduced risk of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease, diabetes and some cancers.【小题1】What dose the two studies show in common?A．Exercises are of great benefit.B．Exercises make people eat too much.C．Dieting may be not so helpful for weight loss.D．Exercises do not necessarily lead to weight loss.【小题2】What does the underlined word “negated” mean?A．Improved.B．Doubled.C．Denied.D．Aroused.【小题3】The text is most likely to be found in ______.A．a science magazineB．a book reviewC．a health guidelineD．a news report
Please watch the video and fill in the blanks.This is the photo of Sara Imas and her father. Just like many other Jews living in Europe, Imas’ father endured a lot of cruelty during World War II. To escape the Nazi regime, he had to leave his homeland. Worse still, the Évian Conference, which was convened in France in 1938 to discuss the problem of Jewish refugees fleeing Germany, had little impact on the plight of the refugees.During this unprecedented tragedy, some six million Jews were killed just because of who they were. While other countries shut their doors to the refugees, China welcomed them.At least 500 Jewish babies were born in Shanghai. Eighty-year-old Sonja Mühlberger was among them, too.“My mother was1) with me. And they came from Germany to Shanghai in April 1939.”“And then they would travel all the way here to Shanghai. This trip will take about 29 to 30 days. And it’s about a month.”About 20,000 Jewish 2)fled to Shanghai between 1933 and 1941. At that time, Japanese 3) _____ occupied parts of Shanghai. After the 4) _______ of the Pacific War, the Japanese invaders set up a ghetto. They forced tens of thousands of Jews to live in a stateless refugee-restricted 5) ________, which is where today’s Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum is located.“The Chinese were also in that designated area in this overcrowded place in that surrounding. So we had no problems with them.”The fate of the Jewish refugees later became closely intertwined with that of their Chinese counterparts in Shanghai. In 1945, when the world won its war against Fascism, the Jewish refugees in Shanghai started to seek information about their families back in Europe. But with only sad news coming, the Jews in Shanghai soon realized that leaving their homeland, although heartrending, might have been the best decision they had ever made.To help 6)______ their history, the Hongkou District Government opened the Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum in 2007 in a renovated Moshe Synagogue inside a former Jewish residential complex.In September 2014, a 7) ______ wall with the names of 13,732 Jewish refugees was erected at the museum. Mühlberger helped collect a 8) _______ amount of them.“There are so many people. They’re trying to find their 9____. I really like to find out that how many people really have been or arrived in Shanghai as refugees, so this is still in my mind.”As an offspring of the 10_______ history between China and the Jewish refugees who fled to Shanghai, Imas donated a statue titled “Standing Together” and penned a poem describing how grateful she is to the Chinese people and nation.
If she _____________ one more chance, I’m sure she will succeed.A. will giveB. is givingC. is givenD. gives
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Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.Each word can be used only once. budget defy dilemma diverseloyalty manipulate objectivePerspective tackle urge （1）The ____ of the "upright"message is to ask people to save，while the "permissive"message asks people to spend.（2）If you find yourself in a（n） ____ about what is the right decision for your career，speak to a career counselor.（3）It is important for parents to listen to their children's opinion because they may have a very different ____ on the things they've seen.（4）To cater for the different tastes of athletes from all over the world，the organizers of the Beijing Winter Olympics prepared ____ dishes.（5）If you want to save money for a rainy day making a（n） ____ is the first step you may want to take because it gives you a clear plan.（6）The Chinese legend goes that Yue Fei's mother tattooed four Chinese characters on his back to remind him of the importance of ____ to the nation.（7）When children are addicted to online games，they would often ____ their parents and stay online for hours every day.（8）The report goes on to ____ the technicians to take a more active role in developing the standards of artificial intelligence.
Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (51) it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an (52) served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never (53) likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables in the child’s hearing he is (54) to copy this procedure. Take it (55) granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a (56) dislike. At meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small portion and let him (57) back for a second helping rather than give him as much as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (58) meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not allow him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food (59) he can hurry back to his toys. Under (60) circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.55（）。A. withB. asC. overD. for
The coming of the railways in the 1830s ________ our society and economic life.A. transferredB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted
The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.
Americans experience more food recalls (召回) today than they did five years ago, especially when it comes to meat and poultry (家禽). Meat and poultry recalls increased by two-thirds from 2013 to 2018, while food recalls overall went up 10%, according to the report recently published by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.Meanwhile, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates (估计) 48 million people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from food-borne disease each year in the U.S. "We are looking for the farm-to-fork preventative solutions," said Adam Garber, the research group's consumer watchdog. "By doing that, we can protect people's health."Over the five-year period, poultry posted the most recalls (168), followed by beef (137) and pork (128). The report shows the most serious meat recalls are on the rise. Among meat and poultry, the number of Class I recalls has increased by 83%, nearly doubling. Class I, the most serious of the recalls, is issued when there is a reasonable probability that the food will cause health problems or death.53. When would Class I recalls be issued?A. When the food is likely to cause health problems or death.B. When there are too many complaints from customers.C. When the food problem lasts for five years.D. When the product quality is below standard.
Dreams can be a rich source of ___________ for an artist. (inspire)
Never before in my career _ _ of an assignment A have l frightened B had I frightened C had I been frightened D have I been frightened
Elder and weaker Mr. Mag paid_visits to his old friends.A. scarceB. rare()C. insufficientD. inadequate
In some families,new adults and kids seem to slip in effortlessly, ____ they have been there all along.A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. as though
6. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ______ themselves. A.were taught posed C.accomplished D.worked7. While she waited,she tried to ______ her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation. A.occupy pose C.think D.intensify8. In the film,the peaceful life of a monk ______ the violent life of a murderer. A.is compared with B.is compared to C.is contrasted to D.is contrasted with9. ______ to pay for an order is simplicity itself. A.Use plastic B.Using plastics C.Using plastic D.Used plastic10. Additional time is required for cooking or ______ homemade dishes. A.chill B.to chill C.chilled D.chilling
Whenever I have trouble ( ) many problems, I ask Jack for help.A. dealing withB. to deal withC. on dealing withD. deal with
The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, is perhaps the most popular set of novels of the modern era. With seven books and many successful films to its name, the series has gathered about 15 billion dollars in sales. How did the series become so popular? The reason can be broken down into several areas.The first book in the series was rejected 12 times before it was picked up by Bloomsbury—a small publisher in England. So receiving this contract was Rowling's first step to success. However, getting a book contract does not ensure the success of a book. The story was soon loved by children and adults alike. In light of this, Bloomsbury Publishing published a second version of the books with “adult” (less colorful and more boring) book covers. This made it easier for a full range of ages to enjoy the series.Another factor that worked like a charm was that the publisher and Rowling herself, through the books, conducted midnight releases, promotions, and pre-ordering more readers. Customers who feared that their local bookstore would run out of copies responded by pre-ordering over 700,000 copies before the July 8, 2000 release.What does the underlined word “releases” (Para. 3) mean?A. The activity that frees or expresses energy or emotion.B. The announcement about the book’s publishing information.C. The sales of books that is available only at midnight.
26)Could she picture him ___ politics with her father in the drawing-room at her home ?A. discussingB. to discussC. as to discussD. that discusses
1.A:Here is my business card.-|||-B: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B.Wonderful.Is it between-|||-school teams?-|||-C.Thank you for the nice party D.Thanks.This is mine.-|||-2.Alice:Is there any typical Chinese festival you celebrate every year?-|||-Bob: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B. I bet it will.-|||-C.It`s so stuffy and no wind at all. D.Yes,there are many.The-|||-Dragon Boat Festival is one of them.
Responsibilities ______becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through
If you_________in a job for several years, you may be able to accumulate a lot of work experience and skills that would be beneficial to your future career development.A. have workedB. had workedC. have been workingD. had been working
We were always encouraged to focus on constructing the most out of the situation ______. A. at hand B. on hand C. in hand D. by hand
These drugs are available over-the-counter without a(n)__________. （）A. infectionB. dosageC. prescription
23．有一串钥匙在沙发上。Aset of keys _______on the sofa./ There is _________on the sofa.24．问李老师要你的书吧。________Ms. Li ________yourbook!25．请给老赵打电话。_________Old Zhao ______13096935553..26．这条蓝色的裤子是他的吗？Isthis pair of trousers _________?27．我的父母在第一张照片里。_______________are in the first photo.28．谢谢你帮助我。Thankyou for ________________./ Thank you for _____________.29．那个女孩姓王。Thegirl’s __________is Wang./ The girl’s ______________is Wang.30．那只小狗叫什么名字？What’s__________the dog? / What’s ____________name?31．今天玩得开心点！___________today! / Have a good time today!32．这有两张漂亮的她家的全家福。Here_______two nice photos of her family.