16.请阅读短文，完成此题。Polyester (聚酯 ) is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles and will continue to be so, unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI's commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.Plastics of va A.B. A. since 1982 C.D. B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles E.F. C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them G.H. D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them

4.At dawn, we ___ out of bed, eager to explore the ancient city.A. surgedB. suppressedC. leapedD. propelled

Directions : In this re citi on there is a passage with ten blanks . You are required to select one word for each blank from list of choices given in a word bank before the passage . Read the passage through carefully before making your choices . Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter . Please write down the corresponding letter forhead . item in the blanks . You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once A ) sacrifice B ) substances C ) eventually D ) combined F ) regardless E ) elevators l ) achieve M ) cars J ) wondered N ) increases G ) devote K ) probable O ) proper H ) satisfy L ) puzzled Healthy habits not only help you in keeping your body fit and healthy but this great mental benefits as well . Everyone around us knows that had including exercising eating well as well as avoiding harmful _ 26 _ make ultimate sense but have you ever _ 27 _ why do you actually practice them Like every good thing healthy habits are also hard to develop and need change of your mental attackers . However if you are ready to _ 28 _ for your better health the effects of them will change your life ___ of your sex physical ability or age So let us check out some of the awesome benefits of the following healthy lifestyle . Balanced diet controls weight . Replay exercises __ 30__ with a balanced diet can really help you to avoid extra weight gain and help . you _ 31 _ a healthy weight . I you are physically active you can easily ready your weightless passages . A regular and __ 32 __ your boost the immune system improves cardiovascular health and even___ 33 __ your energy levels . If you can t __ 34 _ student time to exercise in cop orate small physical activities in your daily schools of instance you can walk rather than driving and take up the stairs instead of __ 35__ . These small changes can leave great impact

单选题（共25题，25.0分）题型说明：(25%,one point each, four directions: There are twenty-five sentences in this part. You are required to choose the appropriate answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).3. (1.0分) 请选出词义为[接受；相信]的单词A. surveyB. scoreC. itemD. buy into

My dad is_and decides to devote his leisure time and energies to his passion;painting.A. remainB. retiredC. removeD. refined

States Experiment with Out-of-Classroom Learning At the end of August, most of Ohio’s teenagers will shake off their summer- time blues, dust off their book bags, and head back to school. But others might be heading to an internship at a local newspaper or hitting the books for independent study. Some might even stay planted in front of the computer screen. That’s thanks to the state’s new credit flexibility program, which Ohio is launching for the upcoming academic year. The plan puts Ohio on the front lines of a transition away from a century-old pattern of equating classroom time with learning. But while there’s a broad consensus that that measure, the Carnegie Unit, is due for replacement, no such unanimity (全体一致) exists about the design and prospects for plans like Ohio’s. While most stakeholders agree that it’s theoretically preferable to give students the chance to personalize their education, it remains unclear how effective the alternatives are, how best to assess them, and whether today’s teachers are equipped to administer them. "Certainly the Carnegie Unit needs undermining," says Chester E. Finn Jr., president of the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a Washington-based education think tank that also runs charter schools in Ohio. "It’s far better to have a competency-based system in which some kind of an objective measure of whether you know anything or have learned anything is better. But by what standard will Ohio know that’s been met" The Ohio’s program will be among the most sweeping, but nearly half of the states now offer similar alternatives-although in many cases that’s nothing more than allowing students to test out of classes by demonstrating proficiency. A smaller but growing number of states, from Florida to New Jersey to Kentucky, have begun allowing students to earn credit through internships, independent studies, and the like. It’s a logical extension of the realization that simply being in a seat from bell to bell doesn’t guarantee intellectual development. Students-and their parents-are at least theoretically attracted to the idea of studying what they want, at the pace they want. Teachers are on board, too. "It really will allow more meaningful experiences for students," says Sue Taylor, president of the Ohio Federation of Teachers, a teachers’ union that participated in designing the program. "Any time a student is able to take the lead or take some charge of some aspect, that student is going to be more motivated and learn something at a deeper level." The motivation will extend to educators, she says: many teachers complain that the controversial No Child Left Behind law forced them to "teach to tests," preparing students to pass inflexible multiple-choice assessments, but the new rules should make room for more creativity. Of course, creativity can’t preclude quality. "The concern is that the advocates of personalization don’t necessarily advocate between good personalization and bad personalization," says Rick Hess, director of education policy studies at the conservative American Enterprise Institute. "A lot of these internships end up being time wasters, being silly, being trivial." While individual schools have found success with flexible systems, it’s unclear how they will work when scaled up to apply to entire districts or states. Many states with provisions for internships and independent-study programs are "local control" states, meaning that while the state’s Department of Education may allow high schools to give students options, the decision about what qualifies as a valid educational experience is left to local authorities. The bar could be set. differently from city to city, school to school, or even teacher to teacher. Ohio, for example, hasn’t offered solid guidelines to districts, although a spokesman says the state will collect data each year on how many students participated and what program they chose in order to "inform Credit Flex statewide going forward." It won’t conduct a formal audit (审计), though. Starting alternatives won’t be easy in a difficult fiscal (财政的) environment. With states across the countr3r desperately broke, even basic public services like schools and police have been put on the chopping block. Hawaii, for instance, cut some school weeks to four days, giving students 17 Fridays off, in the last school year; the plan was massively unpopular. Even though Congress held a special session this week to pass a bill giving states 10 billion to keep teachers on the job, school districts are looking at lean times for years to come. The solution for superintendents and school boards will be to find ways to cut costs without slashing school days. Florida’s Credit Acceleration Program-which expands previous options for accelerated graduation-was passed this year with the primary goal of allowing students who are ready to move to tougher courses to do so. But it’s also a handy way to save money, says Mary Jane Tappen, the state’s deputy chancellor of curriculum, instruction, and student services. Fewer students in desks means cost savings. Virtual learning-which an ever-larger number of states allow as an alternative to learning in bricks-and-mortar schools-provides even greater economies of scale. The Florida Virtual School, an industry leader, has seen continuously increasing enrollment for both in-state and out-of-state students. Its Global School-the division that offers virtual classes to students outside of Florida on a fee model-does almost all of its business with districts and states rather than on an individual student basis, says Andy Ross, the schools chief sales and marketing officer. It’s helped to subsidize the taxpayer-supported in-state division of the Virtual School as well, covering its own costs and contributing some 2.5 million per year for research and development of software and teaching methods. While educators say blends of traditional and virtual learning are ideal, all-virtual classes could create an opening for strapped states to save money by slashing the ranks of teachers they employ in traditional classrooms. "If the same virtual lesson recorded in Seattle can educate 8,000 kids in Ohio, how many teachers might not be needed that Ohio has historically employed" Finn asks. Taylor, of the teachers’ union, is concerned about budget cuts with the coming changes in Ohio. "There may be a few districts that are financially strapped in this climate who may see credit flexibility as a chance to see budget slashing, but if they do, obviously it’s going to be done at the cost of effective student learning," she warns. On the contrary, she thinks districts should hire more teachers, with some taking on more supervisory and advisory roles in overseeing credit-flexibility experiences. "If a teacher has 125 students in a day, it’s not going to be feasible for him to help to design and work with each and every student," she says. Of course, this may be irrelevant. In launching its plan, the Ohio Department of Education said a major reason for allowing districts to develop flexibility plans was that while many states provide flexibility, not many districts take advantage of it. Data collection nationwide is hit or miss, so it’s tough to tell how many students use existing programs. Meanwhile, although anecdotal (轶事的) evidence suggests parent and student interest in the new alternatives, no one is offering predictions about how many Ohio students might sign up for Credit Flex. If the nationwide example holds, the vast majority of students will decide that bricks-and mortar schools are still the best way to get their mortarboards.What was the reaction towards Hawaii’s slashing school days A. It was criticized by other states. B. The congress held a session to support it.C. It received a wide range of objection. D. It was generally accepted among students.

1. Teachers should be encouraged to 1)____ new 2)____ to improve language teaching efficiency.2. Some linguists think that there is a critical period for children to 3)____ a new 4)____.3. He 5)____ of reading a few pages of English novels every day.4. Mr. Brown 6)____ a teaching 7)____ in the foreign languages department.5. With her fluency in English, she has a much 8)____ of getting the job.6. The two universities are 9)____ of setting up a high-level language training center.7. I have a(n) 10)____ of passing the language proficiency test, but I'm determined to have a try.

A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life.” Experience teaches that he was right. Good friendships are just not easily formed. Why? One reason is that it is easy to move around in our society. Mr. Darrell Sifford, a news reporter for the Washington Daily, has been studying and talking about friendships for a number of years. He reports what one woman thought about the effect of ease of movement on friendship: “I was nine, and we’d just moved from South Carolina to New Jersey, and I didn’t know anybody. My mother had a way of getting to the root of things and she said to me, ‘Amelia, I know you’re feeling bad because you don’t have any friends. But you can fix that. Just walk across the street — I know there’s a girl about your age over there — and knock on the door and ask her to be your friend.’” “As a 9-year-old, I could do that. I knocked on the door and said, ‘Hi, my name is Amelia, and I’d like for us to be friends.’ And to my surprise, she said that she would like that too—and we became friends.” She added that going about it directly always worked when she was a child. But as she left childhood, she found that the simple direct approach was more and more difficult for her to follow. So, as an adult, Amelia longed to have friends but her hands were tied when it came to doing anything about it. The problem, according to her, is that society teaches us in a number of ways that direct action is not an acceptable way of doing things. We need to be less direct so that our feelings will not be hurt if our offer of friendship is refused. Mr. Sifford goes on to describe his own ideas on the subject: “To most of us, friendship is very important, but we need to have clear in our own minds the kinds of friendships we want. Are they to be very close or kept at arm’s length? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface?” “For some people, an ordinary friendship is enough — and that’s all right. But at some point we need to make sure that what we expect from the friendship is the same as what our friends expect from it. If one wants more from the friendship than the other, and if this is not talked about, one is likely eventually to feel that he’s not being given enough attention. “The sharing of close secrets, including our fears as well as our dark dreams, is the surest way to deepen friendships. But the process must be gone through slowly and continued only if there are signs of interest and our efforts are answered.” What are some of the problems in forming friendships? According to Mr. Sifford, the biggest problem is to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships take time. Another “big difficulty” is to think one “possesses” the other and that he should spend all his time only with you. Similarly, friendships require action from both sides. In short, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of developing friendship. Unless you spend enough time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will gradually fade away. Why is it so difficult to form friendships? Perhaps it is possible, as Mr. Sifford states, that we simply do not stay in one place long enough for a true friendship to develop. However, we all agree that each of us should think carefully about the kind of friendships we want. As in all interpersonal relationships, success depends on the kind of friendship we expect to have, openness to others, and a willingness to experiment. 【小题】(1) By saying that “My mother had a way of getting to the root of things…” the author means that _____.A.her mother could always find friends for herB.her mother had a way of making friends with peopleC.her mother was able to find the cause of thingsD.her mother was able to solve difficult problems【小题】(2) In which of the following cases is it possible for you to develop true friendships?A.You stay in one place for long enough with your friend.B.You spend all your time together with your friend.C.You completely possess your friend’s time and attention.D.You give your friend as much as you take from him.【小题】(3) The author quoted many times what Mr. Darrell Sifford said in order to ________.A.show respect for himB.share the same opinion with himC.strengthen the authority of his opinionD.make some comments about friendships【小题】(4) The main point we learn from the passage is _____.A.willingness to experiment is the key to close friendship.B.openness to others is important in interpersonal relationshipsC.direct offers of friendship are not easily acceptedD.good friendships are not easily formed

A. In 2008, at a German zoo, a gorilla (大猩猩) named Gana gave birth to a male infant, who died after three months. Photographs of Gana, looking stricken and inconsolable (伤心欲绝的), attracted crowds to the zoo. Sad as the scene was, the humans, not Gana, were the only ones crying. The notion that animals can weep has no scientific basis. Years of observations by biologists Dian Fossey, who observed gorillas, and Jane Goodall, who worked with chimpanzees (黑猩猩), could not prove that animals cry tears from emotion. B. It’s true that many animals shed tears, especially in response to pain. Tears protect the eye by keeping it moist. But crying as an expression of feeling is unique to humans and has played an essential role in human evolution and the development of human cultures. C. Within two days an infant can imitate sad and happy faces. If an infant does not cry out, it is unlikely to get the attention it needs to survive. Around 3-4 months, the relationship between the human infant and its environment takes on a more organized communicative role, and tearful crying begins to serve interpersonal purposes: the search for comfort and pacification (抚慰). As we get older, crying becomes a tool of our social interaction: grief and joy, shame and pride, fear and manipulation. D. Tears are as universal as laughter, and grief is more complex than joy. But although we all cry, we do so in different ways. Women cry more frequently and intensely than men, especially when exposed to emotional events. Like crying, depression is, around the world, more commonly seen in women than in men. One explanation might be that women, who despite decades of social advances still suffer from economic inequality, discrimination (歧视) and even violence, might have more to cry about. Men not only cry for shorter periods than women, but they also are less inclined to explain their tears, usually shed them more quietly, and tend more frequently to apologize when they cry openly. Men, like women, report crying at the death of a loved one and in response to a moving religious experience. They are more likely than women to cry when their core identities―as providers and protectors, as fathers and fighters―are questioned. E. People who score on personality tests as more sympathetic cry more than those who are more rigid or have more self-control. Frequency of crying varies widely: some shed tear at any novel or movie, others only a handful of times in their lives. Crying in response to stress and conflict in the home, or after emotional trauma (创伤), lasts much longer than tears induced by everyday sadness―which in turn last longer than tears of delight and joy. F. Sadness is our primary association with crying, but the fact is that people report feeling happier after crying. Surveys estimate that 85% of women and 73% of men report feeling better after shedding tears. Surprisingly, crying is more commonly associated with minor forms of depression than with major depression involving suicidal thoughts. G. People widely report that crying relieves tension, restores emotional balance and provides "catharsis," a washing out of bad feelings. The term "catharsis" has religious implications of removing evil and sin; it’s no surprise that religious ceremonies are, around the world, one of the main settings for the release of tears. H. Crying is a nearly universal sign of grief, though some mourners report that, despite genuine sorrow, they cannot shed tears―sometimes even for years after their loved one has gone. Unlike today, when the privacy of grief is more respected, the public or ceremonial shedding of tears, at the graveside of a spouse or the funeral of a king or queen, was once considered socially or even politically essential. I. Crying has also served other social purposes. Rousseau wrote in his Confessions that while he considered tears the most powerful expression of love, he also just liked to cry over nothing. J. The association of tears with art has ancient roots. The classic Greek tragedies of the fifth century B.C. were primarily celebrations of gods. Tragedies, like poetry and music, were staged religious events. Even then it was recognized that crying in response to drama brought pleasure. K. I have argued that there are neurobiological (神经生物方面的) associations linking the arts and mood disorders. When I lecture on crying, I ask my audience to let me know, by a show of hands, which art forms most move them to tears. About 80% say music, followed closely by novels (74%), but then the figures fall sharply, to 43%, for poetry, and 10-22% for paintings, sculpture and architecture. L. The physical act of crying is mainly one of breathing in air, which is why we choke up when we weep. This suggests to language scientists that emotional crying evolved before language, perhaps explaining why tears communicate states of mind and feelings that are often so difficult to express in words. Of course, from an evolutionary perspective, recognition of emotion (usually through facial gesture) was essential for survival. M. The earliest humans arrived several million years ago, but only 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, did cultures, language, religion and the arts arise. Along the way, tears became more than a biological necessity to lubricate (润滑) the eye and developed into a sign of intense emotion and a signal of social bonding. The development of self-consciousness and the notion of individual identity, or ego; storytelling about the origins of the world, the creation of humanity and life after death; and the ability to feel others’ sadness―all were critical parts of the neurobiological changes that made us human. N. More recently, we’ve learned from neuroscience that certain brain circuits (回路) are activated (激活), rapidly and unconsciously, when we see another in emotional distress. In short, our brain evolved circuits to allow us to experience sympathy, which in turn made civilization, and an ethics based on sympathy, possible. So the next time you reach a tissue box, or sob on a friend’s shoulder, or shed tears at the movies, stop and reflect on why we cry and what it means to cry. Because ultimately, while we love to cry, we also cry to love.Sometimes people cannot cry despite genuine grief.

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.-|||-Many oppose workplace surveillance,because of the inherent dehumanizing effect it has and the relentless-|||-pressure it brings.But it's on the rise around the world as firms look to become more efficient by squeezing-|||-more productivity from their workers. More than half of companies with over in annual revenue used-|||-"non-traditional" monitor techniques on staff last year.-|||-Monitoring employee perfo gives firms the ability to assess how their staff are performing and-|||-interacting,which can be good for both the firm and employees themselves.A growing number of analytics-|||-companies offer this service. They gather "data exhaust"left by employees'email and instant messaging apps,-|||-and use name badges equipped with radio-frequency identific devices and microphones.These can check-|||-how much time you spend talking,your volume and tone of voice,even if you do not dominate conversations.-|||-While this may sound intrusive,exponents argue that it can also protect employees against bullyin and sexual-|||-harassment.-|||-Some of this data analysis can produce unexpected result For example,it was found that people who sat-|||-at 12-person lunch tables tended to interact,share ideas more and outperform those who regularly sat at four-|||-person tables,a fact that would probably have gone undetected without such data analysis.-|||-Over the last few years a Stockholm co-working space called Epicenter has gone much further and holds-|||-popular"chipping parties",where people can have microchips implanted in their hands.They can use the-|||-implants to access electronically-controlled or monitor how typing speed correlates with heart rate.-|||-Implanted chips may seem extreme,but it is a relatively small step from ID cards and biometrics to such-|||-devices.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.-|||-Many oppose workplace surveillance,because of the inherent dehumanizing effect it has and the relentless-|||-pressure it brings.But it's on the rise around the world as firms look to become more efficient by squeezing-|||-more productivity from their workers. More than half of companies with over in annual revenue used-|||-"non-traditional" monitor techniques on staff last year.-|||-Monitoring employee perfo gives firms the ability to assess how their staff are performing and-|||-interacting,which can be good for both the firm and employees themselves.A growing number of analytics-|||-companies offer this service. They gather "data exhaust"left by employees'email and instant messaging apps,-|||-and use name badges equipped with radio-frequency identific devices and microphones.These can check-|||-how much time you spend talking,your volume and tone of voice,even if you do not dominate conversations.-|||-While this may sound intrusive,exponents argue that it can also protect employees against bullyin and sexual-|||-harassment.-|||-Some of this data analysis can produce unexpected result For example,it was found that people who sat-|||-at 12-person lunch tables tended to interact,share ideas more and outperform those who regularly sat at four-|||-person tables,a fact that would probably have gone undetected without such data analysis.-|||-Over the last few years a Stockholm co-working space called Epicenter has gone much further and holds-|||-popular"chipping parties",where people can have microchips implanted in their hands.They can use the-|||-implants to access electronically-controlled or monitor how typing speed correlates with heart rate.-|||-Implanted chips may seem extreme,but it is a relatively small step from ID cards and biometrics to such-|||-devices.