Passage 2Do you sleep between seven to nine hours per night? According to the experts, this is the amount needed, on average, to keep our minds alert and our bodies healthy — but many people aren't getting enough.In the United States, for example, half the population sleeps less than seven hours during the week, according to the 2013 International Bedroom Poll. To make up, many of them resort to catching up when circumstances allow — whether it's sleeping in at the weekend or napping during the day. But this catch-up can have its own impact on your body and when this catch-up becomes too much, it could even be a sign of a hidden health problem.The much-loved weekend snooze (小睡) stems from the need to catch up on sleep lost during the week. "That's an attempt to pay back sleep deprivation," says Charles Czeisler, chief of the Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, in Boston. But Czeisler is not an advocate of sleeping late at the weekend. He calls it "sleep binging (放纵)" and says it's a break from consistency that leads to further disruption of our sleep cycles.The extra hours of sleep, but more importantly the later time of awakening, at the weekend, lead to confusion in the body when people return to their weekday routine — something Czeisler defines as "social jet lag.""If you're getting up at 6 am and then noon, that's the equivalent of Boston to Paris in time zones," he says. Making a habit of this is not a healthy lifestyle to lead, according to Czeisler. "This has adverse health consequences ... it's better to have consistency of sleep," he says.It's worth paying attention to the hours you spend sleeping, and in bed, as a means of monitoring and maintaining your health and well-being. "Duration, timing and quality of sleep are the key factors," says Czeisler.More studies are needed to truly understand the causes of the links seen between excessive sleep and various health conditions, but for the time being it may be wise to avoid those weekend binges and instead inject some routine into your dreams.(1) (单选题)According to the experts, how many sleeping hours are considered to be unhealthy per night?A.Six hours.B.Seven hours.C.Eight hours.D.Nine hours.(2) (单选题)Why do many Americans love to sleep late at the weekend?A.Because they want to live a healthy life.B.ecause they want to keep consistency of sleep.C.Because they want to better prepare for the work in the following week.D.Because they want to make up for the sleeping time lost in previous days.(3) (单选题)What does Czeisler mean by saying "social jet lag" in Para. 4?A.Confusion resulting from a long-distance airplane travel.B.Tiredness resulting from the lack of sleep in the weekday.C.Discomfort resulting from changes of sleeping patterns.D.Social stress related to the weekday routine.(4) (单选题)According to the passage, what might be considered as a healthy sleeping habit?A.Sleep late at the weekend.B.Having a nap at noon.C.Sleeping more than eight hours per night.D.Having a regular sleep pattern.(5) (单选题)What do we learn about sleep fron this passage?A.The sleep quality is more important than the time.B.The more we sleep, the healthier we will be.C.A frequent desire to sleep late could be a sign of a health problem.D.Most people have satisfactory sleep during the weekday and the weekend.A. ①③B. ①④C. ②③D. ②④
I can never forget the day ____ I got the first prize in the competition.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when
Food insecurity is a defining characteristic of life for many of the world's poorest people. Emergency food aid has been the major international responses to crises, such as drought and famine for decades. However, it is much better that the emergency is addressed before it happens. Communities living in countries most affected by food shortages have long known about the key role that trees can play in reducing the need for conventional aid. The "famine food" of trees can keep drought-hit communities alive when all other food crops fail.The effects of climate change are making droughts more of a norm than an exception. This is a pattern that places some of the most vulnerable (脆弱的) communities in an increasingly unstable position when it comes to meeting basic food needs. By the time shortages and hunger in countries like Burkina Faso reach "emergency" levels and warrant (准许，授权) aid; families, communities, agricultural practices and lands will have suffered greatly. The G8 summit held in Italy at the beginning of July pledged 20 billion to support native food production to reduce the need for such emergency food aid. What is missing from this pledge is any mention of the key role that trees can play. "Conventional" crops are often not native and require expensive inputs, significant irrigation and land preparation in order to produce a successful harvest. This means that they are more vulnerable to droughts. For farmers in Africa's drylands, a failed harvest can mean months of malnutrition (营养不良) and hardship. Trees, on the other hand, often survive when other crops fail. Commonly seen by the West as "famine foods", tree foods already form a significant part of daily diets across rural Africa. Trees provide fruits, nuts, seeds, leaves, flowers, which can all be used as food. Data shows that nursing mothers produce more milk when they add Moringa leaves to their diet. The leaves can be dried and eaten during the hungry period, and animal fodder (饲料) from trees is also vital in producing milk and meat. This existing localised "emergency relief", is what the G8 funding must seek to strengthen.1. What can be a more reliable way to address food shortages caused by various crises?A) To introduce foreign crops.B) To develop native eatable plants. C) To grow more conventional crops.D) To get more emergency food aid.2. What can we learn from the sentence "The effects of climate change are making droughts more of a norm than an exception?" (Para. 3)A) Droughts happen frequently. B) Droughts worsened climate change.C) Climate change could have been prevented.D) Climate change is caused by human activities.3. Why can the "Famine Foods" of trees keep drought-hit communities alive?A) Because trees can survive and provide food. B) Because trees can grow tall and healthily.C) Because trees are sensitive to water.D) Because tress can keep people unaffected.4. What is "emergency relief" mentioned in the last paragraph?A) Emergency food aid.B) Conventional crops.C) Tree-based famine foods. D) Government's financial aid.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A) Trees help people survive droughts.B) Trees save people's lives.C) Trees are a vital food source. D) Conventional foods are giving way to trees.
In Greek mythology, Athena was Zeus' wife and sister, the queen of all the gods, the goddess of marriage.
Listening: compound dictation That was the strap line of the 2002 film Catch Melf You Can which tells the story of Frank Abagnale.Jr . ( Leonardo DiCaprio ) a brilliant young master of [ 填空1 ] ) who at different nes impersonated a doctor , a lawyer , and an airplane pilot , forging checks [ 填空2 ] more than six million dollars in 26 countries . He became the youngest man to ever make the FBI s most-wanted list for forger . Hunted and [ 填空 3 ] in the film by fictional FBI agent Carl Hanratty ( Tom Hanks ) , Abagnale later escaped . He [ 填空 4 ) became a consultant for the FBI where he focused on white-collar [ 填空 5 ] . It sa great film , but could it [ 填空句 ] in real life In fact , Catch Me if You Can is based on the true story of Frank Abagnale , whose [ 填空 7 ] as a fraud ster lasted about six years before he was caught , who escaped from custody three times ( once through an airplane [ 填空 8 ] ) , and who spent a total of six years in prison in France , Sweden and the US . He now runs a consultancy [ 填空 9 ] the world of business how to avoid fraud . He has raised enough money to pay back all his [ 填空 10 ] , and is now a multimillionaire.
4.At dawn, we ___ out of bed, eager to explore the ancient city.A. surgedB. suppressedC. leapedD. propelled
单选题（共25题，25.0分）题型说明：(25%,one point each, four directions: There are twenty-five sentences in this part. You are required to choose the appropriate answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).3. (1.0分) 请选出词义为[接受；相信]的单词A. surveyB. scoreC. itemD. buy into
For eighty four days old Santiago had not caught a single fish．At first a young boy，Manolin，had shared his bad fortune，but after the fortieth luckless day the boy's father told his son to go in another boat．From that time on，Santiago worked alone．The boy loved the old fisherman and always helped him with money and food．Usually，they would talk about the fish they had taken in luckier times or about American baseball after supper，while at night，alone in his cottage，Santiago dreamed of lions on the beaches of Africa，where he had gone on a sailing ship years before．He no longer dreamed of his dead wife．On the eighty-fifth day，Santiago set off to fish before dawn．Two of his baits （饵） were fresh tunas （金枪鱼） the boy had given him．Then he set his lines which went straight down into deep dark water．As the sun rose he saw other boats in toward shore．A man of war bird showed him where dolphin were chasing some flying fish．This time Santiago saw tuna jumping in the sunlight．A small one took the hook on his line．Pulling the fish aboard，the old man thought it a good fortune．Toward noon a marlin，a common fish in the sea，started eating the bait which was one hundred meters down．Gently the old man played the fish，a big one，as he knew from the weight on the line．At last he struck to settle the hook．The fish did not come out of the surface．Instead，it began to pull the boat to the northwest．The old man followed it． Although he was alone and no longer strong，he had his skill and knew many tricks． He waited patiently for the fish to be tired．It became cold after the sunset．Suddenly the marlin leaned，pulling Santiago forward on his face and cutting his cheek．By dawn his left hand was cramped （抽筋的）．The fish had headed northward； there was no land in sight．Hungry，he cut pieces from the tuna and chewed them slowly．That morning the fish jumped．Seeing it leap，Santiago knew he had hooked the biggest marlin he had ever seen．Then the fish went down and turned toward the east．Santiago drank a little water from the bottle during the hot afternoon．Close to nightfall a dolphin took the small hook he had baited．He lifted it aboard，careful．After he had rested，he cut meat from the dolphin and kept also the two flying fish he found in its stomach．That night he slept．He awoke to feel the line running through his fingers as the fish jumped．Making the line loose slowly，he tried to tire the marlin．After the fish slowed its run，he washed his cut hands in sea water and ate one of the flying fish．At sunrise the marlin began to circle．Faint and dizzy，he worked to bring the big fish nearer with each turn．Almost exhausted，he finally drew his big fish alongside and drove in the harpoon （鱼叉）．The fish was two feet longer than the boat．No fish like it had ever been seen in Havana harbor．An hour later，he sighted the first shark，a fierce Mako，and it came in fast to chase after the dead marlin．The old man struck the shark with his harpoon．The Mako rolled and sank，carrying the harpoon with it and leaving the marlin bloody．He knew the smell would spread．Watching，he saw two sharks closing in．He struck at one with his knife and watched it sliding down into deep water．He killed the other while it tore at the flesh of the marlin．When the third appeared，he thrust （刺） it with the knife．The other sharks came at sunset．At first he tried to beat them with the tiller （舵柄） from the boat，but his hands were bleeding and there were too many in the sea．In the darkness，as he steered （掌舵）toward the harbor of Havana，he heard them hitting the boat again and again．But the old man thought only of his steering and his great tiredness．He had gone out too far and the sharks had beaten him．He knew they would leave him nothing but the stripped skeleton of the big marlin．All lights were out when he sailed into the little harbor and beached his boat．He could just make out the white backbone and the upstanding tail of the fish．Once he fell under their weight and lay patiently until he could gather his strength to go on．In his cottage he fell on his bed and went to sleep．71．According to the text，which statement is NOT true about Manolin？ ____ A．The boy left Santiago at last．B．The boy had mercy on Santiago．C．The boy was Santiago's adopted son．D．The boy showed his great concerns to Santiago．72．Why did the man feel that he could be lucky this time？ ____ A．Because a lot of sharks followed his boat．B．Because he dreamed about the American lions．C．Because a small tuna took the hook on his line．D．Because he saw many flying fish were chased by the dolphins．73．Why does Santiago let the marlin lead his boat instead of pulling the big fish up？ ____ A．He was too tired and hungry to pull the big fish up．B．He wanted to use the marlin as a bait to catch the sharks．C．He wanted to kill the marlin first before he pulled it up to the boat．D．His experience told him not to do so before the fish was tired out．74．Which of the underlined sentences below can be used to best describe Santiago's character？ ____ A．"He no longer dreamed of his dead wife．"B．"Although he was alone and no longer strong，he had his skill and knew many tricks．"C．"Almost exhausted，he finally drew his big fish alongside and drove in the harpoon．"D．"Once he fell under their weight and lay patiently until he could gather his strength to go on．"75．According to the text，what will be talked about next？ ____ A．People's reflection when they saw the giant marlin's skeleton outside．B．A funeral held by the boy and the local people after his death．C．Santiago's action to realize his dream about the lions．D．Santiago's struggle against sharks．
The earliest process of making paper was done almost 5,000 years ago in Egypt and the Nile Valley. In those days, paper was made from strips of the papyrus plant. Modern paper-making began in China about 2,000 years ago. This process produced paper from cloth, straw, wood or the bark of trees. The raw materials are struck over and over until they become loose. Then they are mixed with water. After the water has been removed, the flat, thin form remaining is permitted to dry. This becomes a sheet of paper. Large machines started to be used for making paper near the end of the 16th century. Today, paper-making is a big business. But it is still possible to make paper by hand, since the steps are the same as using big machines. You should choose paper with small amounts of printing. Old envelopes are good for this reason. Colored paper also can be used, as well as small amounts of newspaper. Small pieces of rags or cloth can be added. These should be cut into pieces about 5 centimeters by 5 centimeters. Everything is placed in a container, covered with water, and brought to a boil. It is mixed for about 2 hours with some common chemicals and then allowed to cool. Then it is left until most of the water dries up. The substance left, called pulp, can be stored until you are ready to make paper. When you are ready, the pulp is mixed with water again. Then the pulp is poured into a special box or mold. The mold is made of small squares of wire that hold the shape and thickness of the paper. To help dry the paper, the mold lets the water flow through the small wire squares. After several more drying steps, the paper is carefully lifted back from the mold. It is now strong enough to be touched. The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes.What is mentioned about the earliest process of making paper A. Its procedures.B. Its influences.C. Its purposes.D. Its materials.
If you want to raise your children to be adventurous eaters, it's not just about making them eat their vegetables.Raising a child who can enjoy a wide range of foods takes persistence and patience, but it should never feel like a chore. Cooking with your children can be a fantastic bonding experience, strengthening your relationship between one another. Here are a few reasons on why you should cook with your kids and how to do it safely.As a parent, spending quality time with your children is1. What is the main point of the article?A. Parents should spend quality time with their children.B. Eating vegetables is essential for raising adventurous eaters.C. Cooking with children can be a bonding experience and help them develop important skills.D. Busy parents find it difficult to spend time with their children.
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Americans experience more food recalls (召回) today than they did five years ago, especially when it comes to meat and poultry (家禽). Meat and poultry recalls increased by two-thirds from 2013 to 2018, while food recalls overall went up 10%, according to the report recently published by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group.Meanwhile, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates (估计) 48 million people get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized and 3,000 die from food-borne disease each year in the U.S. "We are looking for the farm-to-fork preventative solutions," said Adam Garber, the research group's consumer watchdog. "By doing that, we can protect people's health."Over the five-year period, poultry posted the most recalls (168), followed by beef (137) and pork (128). The report shows the most serious meat recalls are on the rise. Among meat and poultry, the number of Class I recalls has increased by 83%, nearly doubling. Class I, the most serious of the recalls, is issued when there is a reasonable probability that the food will cause health problems or death.53. When would Class I recalls be issued?A. When the food is likely to cause health problems or death.B. When there are too many complaints from customers.C. When the food problem lasts for five years.D. When the product quality is below standard.
The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, is perhaps the most popular set of novels of the modern era. With seven books and many successful films to its name, the series has gathered about 15 billion dollars in sales. How did the series become so popular? The reason can be broken down into several areas.The first book in the series was rejected 12 times before it was picked up by Bloomsbury—a small publisher in England. So receiving this contract was Rowling's first step to success. However, getting a book contract does not ensure the success of a book. The story was soon loved by children and adults alike. In light of this, Bloomsbury Publishing published a second version of the books with “adult” (less colorful and more boring) book covers. This made it easier for a full range of ages to enjoy the series.Another factor that worked like a charm was that the publisher and Rowling herself, through the books, conducted midnight releases, promotions, and pre-ordering more readers. Customers who feared that their local bookstore would run out of copies responded by pre-ordering over 700,000 copies before the July 8, 2000 release.What does the underlined word “releases” (Para. 3) mean?A. The activity that frees or expresses energy or emotion.B. The announcement about the book’s publishing information.C. The sales of books that is available only at midnight.
Dreams can be a rich source of ___________ for an artist. (inspire)
26)Could she picture him ___ politics with her father in the drawing-room at her home ?A. discussingB. to discussC. as to discussD. that discusses
1.A:Here is my business card.-|||-B: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B.Wonderful.Is it between-|||-school teams?-|||-C.Thank you for the nice party D.Thanks.This is mine.-|||-2.Alice:Is there any typical Chinese festival you celebrate every year?-|||-Bob: __-|||-A.Yes,the heat is killing me. B. I bet it will.-|||-C.It`s so stuffy and no wind at all. D.Yes,there are many.The-|||-Dragon Boat Festival is one of them.
Never before in my career _ _ of an assignment A have l frightened B had I frightened C had I been frightened D have I been frightened
Responsibilities ______becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through
In some families,new adults and kids seem to slip in effortlessly, ____ they have been there all along.A. whileB. thoughC. becauseD. as though
6. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ______ themselves. A.were taught posed C.accomplished D.worked7. While she waited,she tried to ______ her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation. A.occupy pose C.think D.intensify8. In the film,the peaceful life of a monk ______ the violent life of a murderer. A.is compared with B.is compared to C.is contrasted to D.is contrasted with9. ______ to pay for an order is simplicity itself. A.Use plastic B.Using plastics C.Using plastic D.Used plastic10. Additional time is required for cooking or ______ homemade dishes. A.chill B.to chill C.chilled D.chilling
If you_________in a job for several years, you may be able to accumulate a lot of work experience and skills that would be beneficial to your future career development.A. have workedB. had workedC. have been workingD. had been working
We were always encouraged to focus on constructing the most out of the situation ______. A. at hand B. on hand C. in hand D. by hand
These drugs are available over-the-counter without a(n)__________. （）A. infectionB. dosageC. prescription
The coming of the railways in the 1830s ________ our society and economic life.A. transferredB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted
Elder and weaker Mr. Mag paid_visits to his old friends.A. scarceB. rare()C. insufficientD. inadequate
The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.
Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.Each word can be used only once. budget defy dilemma diverseloyalty manipulate objectivePerspective tackle urge （1）The ____ of the "upright"message is to ask people to save，while the "permissive"message asks people to spend.（2）If you find yourself in a（n） ____ about what is the right decision for your career，speak to a career counselor.（3）It is important for parents to listen to their children's opinion because they may have a very different ____ on the things they've seen.（4）To cater for the different tastes of athletes from all over the world，the organizers of the Beijing Winter Olympics prepared ____ dishes.（5）If you want to save money for a rainy day making a（n） ____ is the first step you may want to take because it gives you a clear plan.（6）The Chinese legend goes that Yue Fei's mother tattooed four Chinese characters on his back to remind him of the importance of ____ to the nation.（7）When children are addicted to online games，they would often ____ their parents and stay online for hours every day.（8）The report goes on to ____ the technicians to take a more active role in developing the standards of artificial intelligence.
Whenever I have trouble ( ) many problems, I ask Jack for help.A. dealing withB. to deal withC. on dealing withD. deal with
Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food (51) it is badly cooked. The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and an (52) served meal will often improve a child’s appetite. Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never (53) likes and dislikes in front of him or allow anybody else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetables in the child’s hearing he is (54) to copy this procedure. Take it (55) granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a (56) dislike. At meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small portion and let him (57) back for a second helping rather than give him as much as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child (58) meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not allow him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food (59) he can hurry back to his toys. Under (60) circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.55（）。A. withB. asC. overD. for
23．有一串钥匙在沙发上。Aset of keys _______on the sofa./ There is _________on the sofa.24．问李老师要你的书吧。________Ms. Li ________yourbook!25．请给老赵打电话。_________Old Zhao ______13096935553..26．这条蓝色的裤子是他的吗？Isthis pair of trousers _________?27．我的父母在第一张照片里。_______________are in the first photo.28．谢谢你帮助我。Thankyou for ________________./ Thank you for _____________.29．那个女孩姓王。Thegirl’s __________is Wang./ The girl’s ______________is Wang.30．那只小狗叫什么名字？What’s__________the dog? / What’s ____________name?31．今天玩得开心点！___________today! / Have a good time today!32．这有两张漂亮的她家的全家福。Here_______two nice photos of her family.