题型说明:(25 % , one point each ) Directions : There are twenty - five sentences in this part . You are required to choose the appropriate answer from the four choices marked A ) , B ) , C ) and D).23 . John _ an arm from bed to pick up his phone . Sleepily he asked, ‘’Who is it?’’A stretched out B popped up C pulled apart

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.-|||-Many oppose workplace surveillance,because of the inherent dehumanizing effect it has and the relentless-|||-pressure it brings.But it's on the rise around the world as firms look to become more efficient by squeezing-|||-more productivity from their workers. More than half of companies with over in annual revenue used-|||-"non-traditional" monitor techniques on staff last year.-|||-Monitoring employee perfo gives firms the ability to assess how their staff are performing and-|||-interacting,which can be good for both the firm and employees themselves.A growing number of analytics-|||-companies offer this service. They gather "data exhaust"left by employees'email and instant messaging apps,-|||-and use name badges equipped with radio-frequency identific devices and microphones.These can check-|||-how much time you spend talking,your volume and tone of voice,even if you do not dominate conversations.-|||-While this may sound intrusive,exponents argue that it can also protect employees against bullyin and sexual-|||-harassment.-|||-Some of this data analysis can produce unexpected result For example,it was found that people who sat-|||-at 12-person lunch tables tended to interact,share ideas more and outperform those who regularly sat at four-|||-person tables,a fact that would probably have gone undetected without such data analysis.-|||-Over the last few years a Stockholm co-working space called Epicenter has gone much further and holds-|||-popular"chipping parties",where people can have microchips implanted in their hands.They can use the-|||-implants to access electronically-controlled or monitor how typing speed correlates with heart rate.-|||-Implanted chips may seem extreme,but it is a relatively small step from ID cards and biometrics to such-|||-devices.Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.-|||-Many oppose workplace surveillance,because of the inherent dehumanizing effect it has and the relentless-|||-pressure it brings.But it's on the rise around the world as firms look to become more efficient by squeezing-|||-more productivity from their workers. More than half of companies with over in annual revenue used-|||-"non-traditional" monitor techniques on staff last year.-|||-Monitoring employee perfo gives firms the ability to assess how their staff are performing and-|||-interacting,which can be good for both the firm and employees themselves.A growing number of analytics-|||-companies offer this service. They gather "data exhaust"left by employees'email and instant messaging apps,-|||-and use name badges equipped with radio-frequency identific devices and microphones.These can check-|||-how much time you spend talking,your volume and tone of voice,even if you do not dominate conversations.-|||-While this may sound intrusive,exponents argue that it can also protect employees against bullyin and sexual-|||-harassment.-|||-Some of this data analysis can produce unexpected result For example,it was found that people who sat-|||-at 12-person lunch tables tended to interact,share ideas more and outperform those who regularly sat at four-|||-person tables,a fact that would probably have gone undetected without such data analysis.-|||-Over the last few years a Stockholm co-working space called Epicenter has gone much further and holds-|||-popular"chipping parties",where people can have microchips implanted in their hands.They can use the-|||-implants to access electronically-controlled or monitor how typing speed correlates with heart rate.-|||-Implanted chips may seem extreme,but it is a relatively small step from ID cards and biometrics to such-|||-devices.

A. In 2008, at a German zoo, a gorilla (大猩猩) named Gana gave birth to a male infant, who died after three months. Photographs of Gana, looking stricken and inconsolable (伤心欲绝的), attracted crowds to the zoo. Sad as the scene was, the humans, not Gana, were the only ones crying. The notion that animals can weep has no scientific basis. Years of observations by biologists Dian Fossey, who observed gorillas, and Jane Goodall, who worked with chimpanzees (黑猩猩), could not prove that animals cry tears from emotion. B. It’s true that many animals shed tears, especially in response to pain. Tears protect the eye by keeping it moist. But crying as an expression of feeling is unique to humans and has played an essential role in human evolution and the development of human cultures. C. Within two days an infant can imitate sad and happy faces. If an infant does not cry out, it is unlikely to get the attention it needs to survive. Around 3-4 months, the relationship between the human infant and its environment takes on a more organized communicative role, and tearful crying begins to serve interpersonal purposes: the search for comfort and pacification (抚慰). As we get older, crying becomes a tool of our social interaction: grief and joy, shame and pride, fear and manipulation. D. Tears are as universal as laughter, and grief is more complex than joy. But although we all cry, we do so in different ways. Women cry more frequently and intensely than men, especially when exposed to emotional events. Like crying, depression is, around the world, more commonly seen in women than in men. One explanation might be that women, who despite decades of social advances still suffer from economic inequality, discrimination (歧视) and even violence, might have more to cry about. Men not only cry for shorter periods than women, but they also are less inclined to explain their tears, usually shed them more quietly, and tend more frequently to apologize when they cry openly. Men, like women, report crying at the death of a loved one and in response to a moving religious experience. They are more likely than women to cry when their core identities―as providers and protectors, as fathers and fighters―are questioned. E. People who score on personality tests as more sympathetic cry more than those who are more rigid or have more self-control. Frequency of crying varies widely: some shed tear at any novel or movie, others only a handful of times in their lives. Crying in response to stress and conflict in the home, or after emotional trauma (创伤), lasts much longer than tears induced by everyday sadness―which in turn last longer than tears of delight and joy. F. Sadness is our primary association with crying, but the fact is that people report feeling happier after crying. Surveys estimate that 85% of women and 73% of men report feeling better after shedding tears. Surprisingly, crying is more commonly associated with minor forms of depression than with major depression involving suicidal thoughts. G. People widely report that crying relieves tension, restores emotional balance and provides "catharsis," a washing out of bad feelings. The term "catharsis" has religious implications of removing evil and sin; it’s no surprise that religious ceremonies are, around the world, one of the main settings for the release of tears. H. Crying is a nearly universal sign of grief, though some mourners report that, despite genuine sorrow, they cannot shed tears―sometimes even for years after their loved one has gone. Unlike today, when the privacy of grief is more respected, the public or ceremonial shedding of tears, at the graveside of a spouse or the funeral of a king or queen, was once considered socially or even politically essential. I. Crying has also served other social purposes. Rousseau wrote in his Confessions that while he considered tears the most powerful expression of love, he also just liked to cry over nothing. J. The association of tears with art has ancient roots. The classic Greek tragedies of the fifth century B.C. were primarily celebrations of gods. Tragedies, like poetry and music, were staged religious events. Even then it was recognized that crying in response to drama brought pleasure. K. I have argued that there are neurobiological (神经生物方面的) associations linking the arts and mood disorders. When I lecture on crying, I ask my audience to let me know, by a show of hands, which art forms most move them to tears. About 80% say music, followed closely by novels (74%), but then the figures fall sharply, to 43%, for poetry, and 10-22% for paintings, sculpture and architecture. L. The physical act of crying is mainly one of breathing in air, which is why we choke up when we weep. This suggests to language scientists that emotional crying evolved before language, perhaps explaining why tears communicate states of mind and feelings that are often so difficult to express in words. Of course, from an evolutionary perspective, recognition of emotion (usually through facial gesture) was essential for survival. M. The earliest humans arrived several million years ago, but only 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, did cultures, language, religion and the arts arise. Along the way, tears became more than a biological necessity to lubricate (润滑) the eye and developed into a sign of intense emotion and a signal of social bonding. The development of self-consciousness and the notion of individual identity, or ego; storytelling about the origins of the world, the creation of humanity and life after death; and the ability to feel others’ sadness―all were critical parts of the neurobiological changes that made us human. N. More recently, we’ve learned from neuroscience that certain brain circuits (回路) are activated (激活), rapidly and unconsciously, when we see another in emotional distress. In short, our brain evolved circuits to allow us to experience sympathy, which in turn made civilization, and an ethics based on sympathy, possible. So the next time you reach a tissue box, or sob on a friend’s shoulder, or shed tears at the movies, stop and reflect on why we cry and what it means to cry. Because ultimately, while we love to cry, we also cry to love.Sometimes people cannot cry despite genuine grief.

你可能以为，一点嫉妒心能够激发你更加努力地工作，争取过更好的生活。A. You might think a little envy can motivate you to work harder and strive for a better life.B. You might think that a little bit of confidence would motivate you to work harder and live a better life.

When Toni Morrison died in 2019, the world lost one of its most influential authors. But Morrizon was not an early success. Her first novel was not published until she was 39, and her last appeared when she was 84. And Morrison was not _26_ in this regard. Numerous writers produce masterpieces well into their 70s and beyond. Such _27_ accomplishments highlight an important point. Our capacity to speak, write and learn new vocabulary does not seem to _8_ with age. Our eyesight may dim and our recall may weaken, but, by comparison, our ability to produce and to _9_ language is well preserved into older adulthood. Indeed, the latest research that has emerged on language and aging shows that language mastery is a _30 _ that we begin as infants and continue on for the rest of our lives. Some aspects of our language abilities, such as our knowledge of word meanings,_31_ improve during middle and late adulthood. One study, for example, found that adults over sixty had an average vocabulary size of over 21,000 words. The researchers also studied a_32_ of college students and found that their average vocabulary contained 33 16,000 words. In another study, older adults, with an average age of 75,_34 _ better than participants in their youth or middle years on tasks that required them to determine the meaning of words. Thus, language seems to be a skill that, contrary to what many might _35_, does not weaken with age. A) actually I) literary B) approximately J) performed C) assume K) rarely D) component L) sample E) comprehend M) undermined F) deteriorate N) unique G) equivalent O) unit H) journey

[音频]Qusteions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.A. It was held in Las Vegas.B. It had a large collection of modern computers.C. Vivint is a smart home service provider.D. It was said to be the largest collection of new electronic devices in the States.

States Experiment with Out-of-Classroom Learning At the end of August, most of Ohio’s teenagers will shake off their summer- time blues, dust off their book bags, and head back to school. But others might be heading to an internship at a local newspaper or hitting the books for independent study. Some might even stay planted in front of the computer screen. That’s thanks to the state’s new credit flexibility program, which Ohio is launching for the upcoming academic year. The plan puts Ohio on the front lines of a transition away from a century-old pattern of equating classroom time with learning. But while there’s a broad consensus that that measure, the Carnegie Unit, is due for replacement, no such unanimity (全体一致) exists about the design and prospects for plans like Ohio’s. While most stakeholders agree that it’s theoretically preferable to give students the chance to personalize their education, it remains unclear how effective the alternatives are, how best to assess them, and whether today’s teachers are equipped to administer them. "Certainly the Carnegie Unit needs undermining," says Chester E. Finn Jr., president of the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a Washington-based education think tank that also runs charter schools in Ohio. "It’s far better to have a competency-based system in which some kind of an objective measure of whether you know anything or have learned anything is better. But by what standard will Ohio know that’s been met" The Ohio’s program will be among the most sweeping, but nearly half of the states now offer similar alternatives-although in many cases that’s nothing more than allowing students to test out of classes by demonstrating proficiency. A smaller but growing number of states, from Florida to New Jersey to Kentucky, have begun allowing students to earn credit through internships, independent studies, and the like. It’s a logical extension of the realization that simply being in a seat from bell to bell doesn’t guarantee intellectual development. Students-and their parents-are at least theoretically attracted to the idea of studying what they want, at the pace they want. Teachers are on board, too. "It really will allow more meaningful experiences for students," says Sue Taylor, president of the Ohio Federation of Teachers, a teachers’ union that participated in designing the program. "Any time a student is able to take the lead or take some charge of some aspect, that student is going to be more motivated and learn something at a deeper level." The motivation will extend to educators, she says: many teachers complain that the controversial No Child Left Behind law forced them to "teach to tests," preparing students to pass inflexible multiple-choice assessments, but the new rules should make room for more creativity. Of course, creativity can’t preclude quality. "The concern is that the advocates of personalization don’t necessarily advocate between good personalization and bad personalization," says Rick Hess, director of education policy studies at the conservative American Enterprise Institute. "A lot of these internships end up being time wasters, being silly, being trivial." While individual schools have found success with flexible systems, it’s unclear how they will work when scaled up to apply to entire districts or states. Many states with provisions for internships and independent-study programs are "local control" states, meaning that while the state’s Department of Education may allow high schools to give students options, the decision about what qualifies as a valid educational experience is left to local authorities. The bar could be set. differently from city to city, school to school, or even teacher to teacher. Ohio, for example, hasn’t offered solid guidelines to districts, although a spokesman says the state will collect data each year on how many students participated and what program they chose in order to "inform Credit Flex statewide going forward." It won’t conduct a formal audit (审计), though. Starting alternatives won’t be easy in a difficult fiscal (财政的) environment. With states across the countr3r desperately broke, even basic public services like schools and police have been put on the chopping block. Hawaii, for instance, cut some school weeks to four days, giving students 17 Fridays off, in the last school year; the plan was massively unpopular. Even though Congress held a special session this week to pass a bill giving states 10 billion to keep teachers on the job, school districts are looking at lean times for years to come. The solution for superintendents and school boards will be to find ways to cut costs without slashing school days. Florida’s Credit Acceleration Program-which expands previous options for accelerated graduation-was passed this year with the primary goal of allowing students who are ready to move to tougher courses to do so. But it’s also a handy way to save money, says Mary Jane Tappen, the state’s deputy chancellor of curriculum, instruction, and student services. Fewer students in desks means cost savings. Virtual learning-which an ever-larger number of states allow as an alternative to learning in bricks-and-mortar schools-provides even greater economies of scale. The Florida Virtual School, an industry leader, has seen continuously increasing enrollment for both in-state and out-of-state students. Its Global School-the division that offers virtual classes to students outside of Florida on a fee model-does almost all of its business with districts and states rather than on an individual student basis, says Andy Ross, the schools chief sales and marketing officer. It’s helped to subsidize the taxpayer-supported in-state division of the Virtual School as well, covering its own costs and contributing some 2.5 million per year for research and development of software and teaching methods. While educators say blends of traditional and virtual learning are ideal, all-virtual classes could create an opening for strapped states to save money by slashing the ranks of teachers they employ in traditional classrooms. "If the same virtual lesson recorded in Seattle can educate 8,000 kids in Ohio, how many teachers might not be needed that Ohio has historically employed" Finn asks. Taylor, of the teachers’ union, is concerned about budget cuts with the coming changes in Ohio. "There may be a few districts that are financially strapped in this climate who may see credit flexibility as a chance to see budget slashing, but if they do, obviously it’s going to be done at the cost of effective student learning," she warns. On the contrary, she thinks districts should hire more teachers, with some taking on more supervisory and advisory roles in overseeing credit-flexibility experiences. "If a teacher has 125 students in a day, it’s not going to be feasible for him to help to design and work with each and every student," she says. Of course, this may be irrelevant. In launching its plan, the Ohio Department of Education said a major reason for allowing districts to develop flexibility plans was that while many states provide flexibility, not many districts take advantage of it. Data collection nationwide is hit or miss, so it’s tough to tell how many students use existing programs. Meanwhile, although anecdotal (轶事的) evidence suggests parent and student interest in the new alternatives, no one is offering predictions about how many Ohio students might sign up for Credit Flex. If the nationwide example holds, the vast majority of students will decide that bricks-and mortar schools are still the best way to get their mortarboards.What was the reaction towards Hawaii’s slashing school days A. It was criticized by other states. B. The congress held a session to support it.C. It received a wide range of objection. D. It was generally accepted among students.

If you turn to the right at the corner, you'll find a path ______ to the historical building.A. leadB. leadingC. to leadD. leads

Why is ICIs Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?A. The other things they make are not selling well.B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it.D. The price of oil keeps changing.

Directions : In this re citi on there is a passage with ten blanks . You are required to select one word for each blank from list of choices given in a word bank before the passage . Read the passage through carefully before making your choices . Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter . Please write down the corresponding letter forhead . item in the blanks . You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once A ) sacrifice B ) substances C ) eventually D ) combined F ) regardless E ) elevators l ) achieve M ) cars J ) wondered N ) increases G ) devote K ) probable O ) proper H ) satisfy L ) puzzled Healthy habits not only help you in keeping your body fit and healthy but this great mental benefits as well . Everyone around us knows that had including exercising eating well as well as avoiding harmful _ 26 _ make ultimate sense but have you ever _ 27 _ why do you actually practice them Like every good thing healthy habits are also hard to develop and need change of your mental attackers . However if you are ready to _ 28 _ for your better health the effects of them will change your life ___ of your sex physical ability or age So let us check out some of the awesome benefits of the following healthy lifestyle . Balanced diet controls weight . Replay exercises __ 30__ with a balanced diet can really help you to avoid extra weight gain and help . you _ 31 _ a healthy weight . I you are physically active you can easily ready your weightless passages . A regular and __ 32 __ your boost the immune system improves cardiovascular health and even___ 33 __ your energy levels . If you can t __ 34 _ student time to exercise in cop orate small physical activities in your daily schools of instance you can walk rather than driving and take up the stairs instead of __ 35__ . These small changes can leave great impact