Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please write down the corresponding letter for each item in the blanks. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. A) available E) discovered l) change M) databases B) announced F) skip J) organisms N) experienced C) running G) definite K) species O) crawling D) specialized H) record L) accurate So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species, and that's just a fraction of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, fungi(莫言), and other _1 _ covering the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is _2 up your leg or what kind of bird just flew by. A soon-to-be-launched Web site might help. An international team of scientists has _3_ the creation of a web-based Encyclopedia(百科全书) of Life(COL). The project aims to catalog every _ 4 on Earth in a single, easy-to -use reference guide. To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific _ 5 that already exist And eventually, in special sections of the site, people with 6_ knowledge will get to join in . Gardeners, for example, will be able to _ the dates that their flowers first bloom each year. Bird-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a- a- a- the technology for this kind of tool has only recently become _8_ As the EOL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will fatur repecial pages for kids who are studying ecosystems(生态系 统) in their neighborhoods. Tomake sure the encyclopedia is _9_ scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to 10 pages that haven't been reviewed.

Coins were given value according to the exact amount of metals contained in themA. before the eighteenth and nineteenth centuriesB. after the eighteenth and nineteenth centuriesC. during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuriesD. between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next. That’s why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It’s not just about education, but about poverty and justice. It’s true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn’t teachers’ unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers’ unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn’t be held accountable until poverty is solved. There’re steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting. I’d be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation’s worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers. There’s solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact. Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it’s as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two. The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers, a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money at age 28. How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that’s a challenge. But researchers are improving systems to measure a teacher’s performance throughout the year, and, with three years of data, it’s usually possible to tell which teachers are failing. Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective-should get priority in new hiring. That’s an insult to students. Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers. This isn’t a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children. Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system. 【小题1】What do we learn about America’s education system? A．It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy. B．It contributes little to the elimination of inequality. C．It has remained basically unchanged for generations. D．It has brought up generations of responsible citizens. 【小题2】What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools? A．Unqualified teachers. B．Lack of financial resources. C．Unfavorable learning environment. D．Subconscious racial discrimination. 【小题3】What does the author think the union should do to win popular support? A．Assist the city government in reforming schools. B．Give constructive advice to inner-city schools. C．Demand higher pay for teachers. D．Help teachers improve teaching. 【小题4】What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars? A．Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs. B．A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes. C．Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers. D．Students’ performance has a lot to do with teachers. 【小题5】Why does the author say the Chicago unions’ demand is an insult to students? A．It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students. B．It underestimates students’ ability to tell good teachers from poor ones. C．It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways. D．It totally ignores students; initiative in the learning process.

【题文】--- Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success ?--- Yes, ___! It couldn’t be ____ .A. relatively ; betterB. approximately ; worseC. absolutely ; betterD. fortunately ; worse

17.(单选题,2.0分) Give me the book, ()?A. will youB. shall weC. could youD. can you

根据汉语意思完成句子。 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 The bad weather only our difficulties.

请写出下面句子的基本句型。Your flight will leave at 5：00 pm. ____

What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G]During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Section III Translation46. Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

We've seen such diverse landscapes on these beautiful islands and can only attempt to give you a brief snapshot of our adventures here.A. 形形色色的；不同的B. 情况，情形；形势C. 经济状况，境况D. 影响；（情感上）打动

Scientists have developed a way to read minds，translating unspoken thoughts into written words.It's the first time it's been done without having to put anything into the brain.They used artificial intelligence （AI）（人工智能）. It is the name given to a computer system that is able to "think" for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence. Scientists used a special scanner（扫描器）.The machine can see where blood runs，which shows the parts of the brain that are most active.People taking part in the experiment（实验） listened to the radio for 16 hours as their brains were scanned.The AI tool learned to connect certain brain activity with words they heard.After that，each person was asked to think of a story，and the AI tool managed to pick up these thoughts as they happened. The results had about a 50% accuracy rate（准确率），although the AI found it hard to work out the meaning of pronouns，such as he or she，her or him.For example，it turned"I don't have my driver's license yet"into"She has not even started to learn to drive yet." It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking rather than the exact words.The AI was personalized，so when it had learnt from one person but it was tested on another，it couldn't understand their thoughts. The scientists，who have been working on the technology for 15 years，say they understand the risks of it being used badly.Scientist Jerry Tang told a newspaper， "We want to make sure people only use these types of technologies when they want to，and that it helps them." The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions，who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak，to communicate once again.（1）What does the underlined word"It" in paragraph 1 refer to（指代）？ ____ A. way.B.Anything.C.The brain.D.AI.（2）What is the main purpose of paragraph 2？ ____ A.To describe the process of the experiment.B.To explain the results of the experiment.C.To offer some opinions about the experiment.D.To list the difficulties with the experiment.（3）What does the example in paragraph 3 show？ ____ A.The AI is much cleverer than people.B.The AI didn't start the work as it was ordered.C.The AI couldn't understand the exact words of what people thought.D.The AI will be well developed according to people's special needs.（4）What can we learn from the text？ ____ A.It is not difficult to take AI under control.B.AI will not be used in a proper way in the future.C.AI is so wise that it can treat people with medical problems.D.It's expected that AI will help those speechless exchange ideas.（5）What can be the best title for the text？ ____ A.High Risks of Using AIB.Mind-Reading DevelopmentC.Importance of Human BrainD.Ways of Improving Technology