填空题（共50题，100.0分）16. (2.0分) Spell the words according to the Chinese meanings and parts of speech, the first letter of the words has been given.c_ adj.注意到的，意识到的

The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.A. not toB. not to doC. not doD. do not to

5.It took my family three years to pay____our debts.A. upB. offC. backD. away

Expressions.in use-|||-6 Fill in the blanks with the expressions given-|||-the form where necessary.-|||-Each expression can be used only once.-|||-as well as at first keep on lie down-|||-lift . out of name ..after-|||-speak for itself talk of-|||-turn one`s attention to work on-|||-1 Last year the city __ the high school-|||-__ the hero who sacrificed his life to-|||-save other people.-|||-2 __ I thought he was joking,-|||-but then I realized that he was very serious.-|||-3 Young people play an essential part in-|||-the worldwide effort to __ people-|||-__ poverty for good.-|||-4 The professor has been __ an-|||-article about how to learn a foreign language-|||-more effectively.-|||-5 We should move away from traditional energy-|||-sources, and begin to __-|||-cleaner forms of energy.-|||-6 It was the first time she __-|||-how she became an architect rather than a-|||-lawyer in front of so many people.-|||-7 John is very talented.He is a famous-|||-musician __ a productive-|||-writer.-|||-8 If you like table tennis and __-|||-practicing it,you will become very good at it.-|||-9 Richard was very tired,so he __-|||-on his bed and fell asleep immediately.-|||-10 I don`t need to say more about how effective-|||-this new method can be.The results

How Important Is Knowledge Knowledge Makes the Difference between Poverty and Wealth Forty years ago, Ghana and the Republic of Korea had about the same income per capita. By 1990, Korea’’s income was six times higher than Ghana’’s. While part of the difference is due to more investment and more workers, half of the difference is attributed to Korea’’s greater success in organizing and using knowledge.’’Knowledge Makes the Difference between Sickness and Health Knowledge doesn’’t only mean higher economic growth and higher incomes. It can also mean a better quality of life, such as a cleaner environment and better health. In recent decades, infant mortality rates have declined sharply for people in all income groups. Even very poor families suffer fewer infant deaths today than equally poor families suffered ten years ago. Reason: the advance of knowledge has made possible new drugs and vaccines, better sanitation practices, and more effective public health campaigns.What Kind of Knowledge Our report focuses on two types of knowledge that are especially important to development. First, technical knowledge or simply know-how. Examples are nutrition and birth control, engineering and accounting. Poor countries and poor people have less know-how than others, and these knowledge gaps make it harder for people to escape poverty. Second, knowledge about attributes or characteristics, such as the purity of milk, the diligence of a worker, the solvency (偿付能力) of a firm, and the security of a bank. When this information is lacking, markets function badly ―or fail. We call the difficulties arising from lack of this type of knowledge information problems. Information problems are often worse in developing countries and they especially hurt the poor.Knowledge Gaps and Information Problems in the Green Revolution The Green Revolution illustrates how dealing with both types of problems can improve people’’s lives. The first steps in the Green Revolution involved narrowing knowledge gaps ― research to develop new seed and techniques, and teach the new techniques to farmers. But the potential of the Green Revolution could not be dug up unless poor farmers obtained loans to buy new seeds and fertilizer. As we will see, credit for the poor is a classic information problem. Lack of credit and other information problems turned out to be as important and difficult as the original agricultural research. One study in India found that for a typical family with a small parcel of land, the loss of potential income over five years from slow adoption and inefficient use of high-yielding varieties was nearly four times its annual income before the introduction of the new seeds. As these problems were solved, through research, agricultural extension services and later through micro credit, the Green Revolution indeed helped the poor. Incomes of small farmers almost doubled and the incomes of landless laborers ― the poorest of the poor ― more than doubled. The two types of problem often overlap and interact, as in the case of the Green Revolution. To narrow knowledge gaps ― both between and within countries ― it is necessary to know how knowledge can be acquired, how it can be absorbed, and how it can be communicated.Acquiring Knowledge Most new knowledge is being created in richer countries, where spending on research and development is the highest. Fortunately, developing countries don’’t need to re-invent the light bulb, or the computer, or the vaccine for measles. In many cases, tapping global knowledge will be quickest and easiest way to narrow knowledge gaps. How Foreign direct investment, trade, and ― in an era of strengthened intellectual property rights ― licensing are all important mechanisms for acquiring knowledge from abroad. And countries should not neglect the knowledge in their own backyard, such as traditional knowledge about ecosystems and medicinal plants. China, Brazil, India and Korea are building their own research capacity, to complement the acquisition of knowledge from abrade.Absorbing Knowledge Education is more important than ever before. In the past 20 years, the share of medium and high-technology goods in world trade has more than doubled, to half of world trade. Basic education remains crucial, but it is no longer enough. To compete globally, a country’’s workforce must include people with advanced technical training and higher education. At the household level, too, education is crucial. It is well known that educated women have healthier children and that farmers with more schooling are quicker to adopt new techniques. Despite great changes, too many poor people ― especially women ― remain illiterate. In low-income countries, four out of ten women do not know how to read.Communicating Knowledge Falling communication costs offer new opportunities to cope with these old problems. Computing power and telephone lines cost only one ten-thousandth of what they cost two decades ago. Yet millions of people remain isolated. In the U.S. there are more than 600 telephone lines for every 1,000 people. But in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, there are only 20 telephone lines for every 1,000 people. The problem isn’’t lack of demand. Worldwide about 28 million households and businesses in developing countries are on waiting lists for a telephone line. Many more would gladly pay if only service were available. Breaking up monopolies and introducing more competition can help to increase the supply of phones. In Ghana the number of phone lines increased by 25 percent in the first year after the market was opened to competition. Chile used an innovative scheme to award subsidies to companies that install pay phones in remote villages. By the end of this year almost everybody in Chile will have access to a phone. Even if knowledge gaps were closed entirely, with everyone in the world having the same access to know-how as well-educated people in rich countries, people in poorer countries would still face more serious information problems. Knowledge about attributes ― the quality of a product or the solvency of a firm ― cannot be stored for long. It must be generated on the spot and constantly refreshed. Many of the institutions needed to collect and spread this information are weak or lacking in developing countries. Information problems are especially important in three areas: poverty as is discussed above, finance, and environment.Finance The financial crisis in East Asia is clear reminder of the severity of information problems and the need to develop institutions to deal with them. By now the story is familiar. A build-up of short-term debt inevitably exposes a country to risk. But why was the withdrawal of funds so great Part of the answer lies with inadequate information: depositors, unable to distinguish good banks from bad ones, withdrew their money from all banks; investors, unable to distinguish good firms from bankrupt ones, dumped the shares of all companies. The importance of good accounting standards and the disclosure of information has now been revealed in the worst way possible. Part of the solution then lies in standardized balance sheets, income statements, cash flow statements, loan loss provisions, realistic valuation of collateral (抵押品) and so on. Argentina has greatly strengthened its financial sector by adopting a "multiple eyes" approach that involves as many agents as possible in monitoring bank behavior. Capital adequacy ratios are a stiff 11.5 percent; foreign banks hold 45 percent of banking assets, the central bank provides on-line information about companies’’ balance sheets and income statements, and overall supervision of the banks has been greatly strengthened.Environment Information problems underlie many environmental problems, because information about environmental concerns is often unavailable. Some governments have discovered that by gathering and disclosing this information, they can make unexpected progress on tough issues. In Indonesia, the government created incentives for firms to reduce pollution by rating factories’’ environmental performance, from black for the worst water polluters to gold for the very cleanest. In barely a year, one-third of the firms found to be in violation of environmental laws―some of which had been polluting for years ― cleaned up enough to earn the blue rating of firms that comply with the law. Why Partly because investors care about the environment. A recent World Bank study of stock markets in Argentina, Chile, Mexico and the Philippines found that bad environmental news about a company depressed the price of its shares by about 15 percent, while good news raised its share prices about 20 percent.Basic education is crucial, so poor countries do not have to develop higher education. A．YB．NC．NG

- -Need I pay the whole amount now- -Yes you _.A. willB. mustC. needD. can

问题描述： A Transition point in my life 课文复述 120词左右 College-A Transition Point in My Life When I first entered college as a freshman,I was afraid that I was not able to do well in my studies .I was afraid of being off by myself,away from my family for the first time.Here I was surrounded by people I did not know and who did not know me.I would have to make friends with them and perhaps also compete with them for grades in courses I would take.Were they smarter than I was?Could I keep up with them?Would they accept me?I soon learned that my life was now up to me.I had to set a study program if I wanted to succeed in my course.I had to regulate the time I spent studying and the time I spent socializing.I had to decide when to go to bed,when and what to eat,when and what to drink,and with whom to be friendly.These questions I had to answer for myself.At first,life was a bit difficult.I made mistakes in how I used my time .I spent too much time making friends.I also made some mistakes in how I chose my first friends in college.Shortly,however,I had my life under control.I managed to go to class on time,do my first assignments and hand them in,and pass my first exams with fairly good grades.In addition,I made a few friends with whom I felt comfortable and with whom I could share my fears.I set up a routine that was really my own – a routine that met my needs.As a result,I began to look upon myself from a different perspective.I began to see myself as a person responsible for myself and responsible for my friends and family.It felt good to make my own decisions and see those decisions turn out to be wise ones.I guess that this is all part of what people call “growing up.“What did life have in store for me?At that stage in my life,I really was not certain where I would ultimately go in life and what I would do with the years ahead of me.But I knew that I would be able to handle what was ahead because I had successfully jumped this important hurdle in my life; I had made the transition from a person dependent on my family for emotional support to a person who was responsible for myself.

The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.（ ）A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating

The College Essay:Why Those 500 Words Drive us Crazy Meg is a lawyer-morn in suburban Washington,D.C., where lawyer-morns are thick on the ground. She’s asked us not to use her last name to prevent mortification (难堪) to her son Doug. He is quite mortified enough already. Doug is one of several hundred thousand high-school seniors who had a painful fall. The deadline for applying to his favorite college was Nov.1, and by early October he had yet to fill out the application. More to the point, he had yet to settle on a subject for the personal essay accompanying the application. According to a college legend, a well-turned essay has the power to convince an admissions committee. "He wanted to do one thing at a time," Meg says, explaining her son’s delay. "But really, my son is a huge procrastinator (拖延者). The essay is the hardest thing to do,so he’s put it off the longest." Friends and other veterans of the process have warned Meg that the back and forth between editing parent and writing student can be extremely unpleasant. "But I tell them, you can’t scare me," she says. "I’m already there. I mean, I was an English major, I’m a lawyer, I write for a living! And I’m panicking already." The panic is arriving early this year. Back in the good old days--say, two years ago, when the last of my children suffered the ordeal--a high-school student applying to college could postpone all the way to New Year’s of senior year, assuming he or she could withstand the parental bothering. But things change fast in the upsetting world of college admissions. The recent trend toward early decision and early action among selective colleges and universities has pushed the traditional deadline of January up to Nov. 1 or early December for many students. If the time for heel-dragging has been shortened, the true source of the anxiety and panic remains what it has always been. And it’s not the application itself. A college application is a relatively straightforward questionnaire asking for the basics:name,address,family history, employment history. It would all be innocent enough--20 minutes of busy work-- except it comes attached to an incendiary (纵火的) device: the personal essay. "There are good reasons it causes such anxiety," says Lisa Sohmer, director of college counseling at the Garden School in Jackson Heights, N. Y. "It’s not just the actual writing. By now everything else is already set. Your course load is set, your grades are set, your test scores are set. All that’s done. But the essay is something you can still control, and it’s open-ended. So the temptation is to write and rewrite and rewrite." Or stall (拖延) and stall and stall. The application essay,along with its mythical importance, is a recent invention. In the 1930s, when only one in 10 Americans had a degree from a four-year college, an admissions committee was content to ask for a sample of applicants’ school papers to assess their writing ability. By the 1950s, most schools required a brief personal statement of why the student had chosen to apply to one school over another. Today nearly 70 percent of graduating seniors go off to college, including two-year and four-year institutions. Those schools usually require essays of their own, but the longest essay, 500 words maximum, is generally attached to the Common App. Students choose one of six questions. Applicants are asked to describe an ethical dilemma they’ve faced and its impact on them, or discuss a public issue of special concern to them, or tell of a fictional character or creative work that has profoundly influenced them. Another question invites them to write about the importance (to them, again) of diversity--a word that has assumed magic power in American higher education. The most popular option:write on a topic of your choice. "Boys in particular look at the other questions and say, ’Oh, that’s too much work, ’" says John Boshoven, a counselor in the Ann Arbor,Mich. ,public schools. "They think if they do a topic of their choice, ’ I’ll just go get that history paper I did last year on the Roman Empire and turn it into a first-person application essay! ’ And they end up producing something utterly ridiculous." Talking to admissions professionals like Boshoven, you realize that the list of "don’ts" in essay writing is much longer than the "dos." "No book reports, no history papers, no character studies," says Sohmer. "It drives you crazy, how easily kids slip into repetitive and boring topics," says Boshoven. "They don’t realize how typical their experiences are. ’I scored the winning goal in soccer against our arch-rival. ’ ’My grandfather served in World War Ⅱ, and I hope to be just like him someday. ’ That may mean a lot to that particular kid. But in the world of the application essay,it’s nothing. You’ll lose the reader in the first paragraph." "The greatest strength you bring to this essay," says the College Board’s how-to book, "is 17 years or so of familiarity with the topic=YOU. The form and style are very familiar, and best of all, you are the world-class expert on the subject of YOU... It has been the subject of your close scrutiny (仔细检查) every morning since you were tall enough to see into the bathroom mirror." The key word in the Common App prompts is "you." "For all the anxiety the essay causes," says Bill McClintick of Mercersburg Academy in Pennsylvania,"it’s a very small piece of the puzzle. I was in college admissions for 10 years. I saw kids and parents beat themselves up over this. And at the vast majority of places, it is simply not a big variable in the college’s decision-making process." Still, at the most selective schools, where thousands of candidates may submit identically super high grades and test: scores, a marginal item like the essay may serve as a tiebreaker between two equally qualified candidates. The thought is certainly enough to keep the pot boiling under parents like Meg, the lawyer-mom, as she tries to help her son choose an essay topic. For a moment the other day,she thought she might have hit on a good one. "His father’s from France," she says. "I said maybe you could write about that, as something that makes you different. You know. half French, half American. I said, ’You could write about your identity issues. ’He said, ’ I don’t have any identity issues! ’" "And he’s right. He’s a well-adjusted, normal kid. But that doesn’t make for a good essay, does itIn the 1930s,school papers were required______. A. to assess the applicants’ writing ability B. to see why students chose one school over anotherC. to divide students into different classes D. as a very important method to give scholarships

2.1 What should you think about in trying to find your career?You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs. Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at metal work or cookery(烹饪术) and look for a job where you can improve these skills. If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job. Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is better to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work. 59. Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph? A. The importance of doing well at school. B. Using school performance to help to choose a career. C. The importance of being good at all subjects. D. The indirect value of school work. 60. The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably _______ . A. a waste of time that could have been spent on study B. useful for his future work C. a good way to master what are learned in books D. a good way to find out his weak points 61. According to the passage, if a student’s school record is not good, he _______ . A. will be a complete failure in his future work B. will not be able to find a suitable job C. will regret not having worked harder at school D. may still do well in his future work 62. The whole passage centers on _______ . A. choosing a career according to what one is skilled in B. acquiring knowledge by working hard at school C. finding one’s strong and weak points D. developing one’s abilities useful in school work