题目
类似地,f(x)=x-int_(0)^2asqrt(2ax-x^2)f(x)dx,其中a>0,则f(x)=_____.
类似地,
$f(x)=x-\int_{0}^{2a}\sqrt{2ax-x^{2}}f(x)dx$,其中a>0,则f(x)=_____.
题目解答
答案
为了求解函数 $ f(x) $ 的表达式,我们从给定的方程出发:
\[ f(x) = x - \int_{0}^{2a} \sqrt{2ax - x^2} f(x) \, dx. \]
首先,我们设积分部分为一个常数 $ C $,即
\[ C = \int_{0}^{2a} \sqrt{2ax - x^2} f(x) \, dx. \]
这样,原方程可以简化为
\[ f(x) = x - C. \]
接下来,我们将 $ f(x) = x - C $ 代入 $ C $ 的定义中,得到
\[ C = \int_{0}^{2a} \sqrt{2ax - x^2} (x - C) \, dx. \]
我们可以将积分拆分成两个部分:
\[ C = \int_{0}^{2a} \sqrt{2ax - x^2} x \, dx - C \int_{0}^{2a} \sqrt{2ax - x^2} \, dx. \]
我们分别计算这两个积分。首先,考虑积分 $ \int_{0}^{2a} \sqrt{2ax - x^2} \, dx $。令 $ x = a + a \sin \theta $,则 $ dx = a \cos \theta \, d\theta $。当 $ x = 0 $ 时, $ \theta = -\frac{\pi}{2} $;当 $ x = 2a $ 时, $ \theta = \frac{\pi}{2} $。于是,积分变为
\[ \int_{0}^{2a} \sqrt{2ax - x^2} \, dx = \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sqrt{2a(a + a \sin \theta) - (a + a \sin \theta)^2} \cdot a \cos \theta \, d\theta. \]
简化被积函数,我们得到
\[ \sqrt{2a(a + a \sin \theta) - (a + a \sin \theta)^2} = \sqrt{2a^2 + 2a^2 \sin \theta - a^2 - 2a^2 \sin \theta - a^2 \sin^2 \theta} = \sqrt{a^2 - a^2 \sin^2 \theta} = a \cos \theta. \]
因此,积分变为
\[ \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} a \cos \theta \cdot a \cos \theta \, d\theta = a^2 \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2 \theta \, d\theta = a^2 \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{1 + \cos 2\theta}{2} \, d\theta = a^2 \left[ \frac{\theta}{2} + \frac{\sin 2\theta}{4} \right]_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} = a^2 \left( \frac{\pi}{4} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right) = \frac{\pi a^2}{2}. \]
接下来,考虑积分 $ \int_{0}^{2a} \sqrt{2ax - x^2} x \, dx $。使用相同的代换 $ x = a + a \sin \theta $,我们得到
\[ \int_{0}^{2a} \sqrt{2ax - x^2} x \, dx = \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} a \cos \theta (a + a \sin \theta) a \cos \theta \, d\theta = a^3 \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2 \theta (1 + \sin \theta) \, d\theta. \]
将积分拆分成两个部分,我们得到
\[ a^3 \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2 \theta \, d\theta + a^3 \int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos^2 \theta \sin \theta \, d\theta = a^3 \cdot \frac{\pi}{2} + a^3 \left[ -\frac{\cos^3 \theta}{3} \right]_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} = \frac{\pi a^3}{2} + 0 = \frac{\pi a^3}{2}. \]
将这两个积分结果代回 $ C $ 的表达式中,我们得到
\[ C = \frac{\pi a^3}{2} - C \cdot \frac{\pi a^2}{2}. \]
解这个方程,我们得到
\[ C + C \cdot \frac{\pi a^2}{2} = \frac{\pi a^3}{2}, \]
\[ C \left( 1 + \frac{\pi a^2}{2} \right) = \frac{\pi a^3}{2}, \]
\[ C = \frac{\pi a^3 / 2}{1 + \pi a^2 / 2} = \frac{\pi a^3}{2 + \pi a^2}. \]
将 $ C $ 代回 $ f(x) $ 的表达式中,我们得到
\[ f(x) = x - \frac{\pi a^3}{2 + \pi a^2}. \]
因此,函数 $ f(x) $ 的表达式为
\[ \boxed{x - \frac{\pi a^3}{2 + \pi a^2}}. \]