题目
设是由闭曲线围成的区域计算二重积分
设是由闭曲线
围成的区域计算二重积分
题目解答
答案
解析
步骤 1:转换为极坐标
将二重积分转换为极坐标形式,其中$x = \rho \cos \theta$,$y = \rho \sin \theta$,$dxdy = \rho d\rho d\theta$。因此,原积分变为:
$$\iint (1+3x)\sqrt{x^2+y^2}dxdy = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{3} (1+3\rho \cos \theta) \rho \sqrt{\rho^2} \rho d\rho d\theta$$
步骤 2:简化积分
由于$\sqrt{\rho^2} = \rho$,积分可以简化为:
$$\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{3} (1+3\rho \cos \theta) \rho^2 d\rho d\theta$$
步骤 3:计算积分
首先对$\rho$积分,然后对$\theta$积分:
$$\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{3} (1+3\rho \cos \theta) \rho^2 d\rho d\theta = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left[ \frac{\rho^3}{3} + \frac{3\rho^4 \cos \theta}{4} \right]_{0}^{3} d\theta$$
$$= \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left( \frac{27}{3} + \frac{3 \cdot 81 \cos \theta}{4} \right) d\theta$$
$$= \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left( 9 + \frac{243 \cos \theta}{4} \right) d\theta$$
$$= 9 \int_{0}^{2\pi} d\theta + \frac{243}{4} \int_{0}^{2\pi} \cos \theta d\theta$$
$$= 9 \cdot 2\pi + \frac{243}{4} \cdot 0$$
$$= 18\pi$$
将二重积分转换为极坐标形式,其中$x = \rho \cos \theta$,$y = \rho \sin \theta$,$dxdy = \rho d\rho d\theta$。因此,原积分变为:
$$\iint (1+3x)\sqrt{x^2+y^2}dxdy = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{3} (1+3\rho \cos \theta) \rho \sqrt{\rho^2} \rho d\rho d\theta$$
步骤 2:简化积分
由于$\sqrt{\rho^2} = \rho$,积分可以简化为:
$$\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{3} (1+3\rho \cos \theta) \rho^2 d\rho d\theta$$
步骤 3:计算积分
首先对$\rho$积分,然后对$\theta$积分:
$$\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{3} (1+3\rho \cos \theta) \rho^2 d\rho d\theta = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left[ \frac{\rho^3}{3} + \frac{3\rho^4 \cos \theta}{4} \right]_{0}^{3} d\theta$$
$$= \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left( \frac{27}{3} + \frac{3 \cdot 81 \cos \theta}{4} \right) d\theta$$
$$= \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left( 9 + \frac{243 \cos \theta}{4} \right) d\theta$$
$$= 9 \int_{0}^{2\pi} d\theta + \frac{243}{4} \int_{0}^{2\pi} \cos \theta d\theta$$
$$= 9 \cdot 2\pi + \frac{243}{4} \cdot 0$$
$$= 18\pi$$