题目
(3)设f(x)在[0,1]上连续,在(0,1)内二阶可导,lim_(xto0^+)(f(x))/(x)=1,lim_(xto1^-)(f(x))/(x-1)=2.试证:①existsxiin(0,1),使f(xi)=0;②existsetain(0,1),使f''(eta)=f(eta).
(3)设f(x)在[0,1]上连续,在(0,1)内二阶可导,$\lim_{x\to0^{+}}\frac{f(x)}{x}=1$,$\lim_{x\to1^{-}}\frac{f(x)}{x-1}=2$.
试证:①$\exists\xi\in(0,1)$,使$f(\xi)=0$;
②$\exists\eta\in(0,1)$,使$f''(\eta)=f(\eta)$.
题目解答
答案
(1) **证明存在 $\xi \in (0,1)$,使得 $f(\xi) = 0$**
由极限条件得:
\[
\lim_{x \to 0^+} \frac{f(x)}{x} = 1 \implies f(0) = 0, \quad \lim_{x \to 1^-} \frac{f(x)}{x-1} = 2 \implies f(1) = 0
\]
由保号性,存在 $\delta_1, \delta_2 > 0$,使得
\[
f(x) > 0 \quad (0 < x < \delta_1), \quad f(x) < 0 \quad (1 - \delta_2 < x < 1)
\]
由零点定理,存在 $\xi \in (0,1)$,使得 $f(\xi) = 0$。
(2) **证明存在 $\eta \in (0,1)$,使得 $f''(\eta) = f(\eta)$**
构造函数 $g(x) = e^{-x}f(x)$,则
\[
g'(x) = e^{-x}[f'(x) - f(x)]
\]
由罗尔定理,存在 $\alpha \in (0, \xi)$,$\beta \in (\xi, 1)$,使得
\[
f'(\alpha) = f(\alpha), \quad f'(\beta) = f(\beta)
\]
再构造 $h(x) = e^x[f'(x) - f(x)]$,则
\[
h'(x) = e^x[f''(x) - f(x)]
\]
由罗尔定理,存在 $\eta \in (\alpha, \beta)$,使得
\[
f''(\eta) = f(\eta)
\]
**答案:**
\[
\boxed{
\begin{array}{l}
\text{(1) 存在 } \xi \in (0,1) \text{,使得 } f(\xi) = 0; \\
\text{(2) 存在 } \eta \in (0,1) \text{,使得 } f''(\eta) = f(\eta)。
\end{array}
}
\]