题目
证明(x,y)=(x)^3-6(x)^2y-3x(y)^2+2(y)^3为调和函数,并求其共轭调和函数. A (x,y)=(x)^3-6(x)^2y-3x(y)^2+2(y)^3 . B (x,y)=(x)^3-6(x)^2y-3x(y)^2+2(y)^3 . C (x,y)=(x)^3-6(x)^2y-3x(y)^2+2(y)^3 . D (x,y)=(x)^3-6(x)^2y-3x(y)^2+2(y)^3.
证明为调和函数,并求其共轭调和函数.
A .
B .
C .
D .
题目解答
答案
答案:A
由题,
则
则
则为调和函数,证毕。
设的共轭调和函数为
,
∴①
②
将①对x积分得:
∴
代入②得,
则
解析
步骤 1:计算$x(x,y)$的二阶偏导数
首先,我们计算$x(x,y)={x}^{3}-6{x}^{2}y-3x{y}^{2}+2{y}^{3}$的二阶偏导数。首先计算一阶偏导数:
$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x}=3{x}^{2}-12xy-3{y}^{2}$
$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y}=-6{x}^{2}-6xy+6{y}^{2}$
然后计算二阶偏导数:
$\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {x}^{2}}=6x-12y$
$\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {y}^{2}}=-6x+12y$
步骤 2:验证$x(x,y)$是否为调和函数
根据调和函数的定义,如果一个函数的拉普拉斯算子为零,即$\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {x}^{2}}+\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {y}^{2}}=0$,则该函数为调和函数。将上面计算的二阶偏导数代入,我们得到:
$\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {x}^{2}}+\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {y}^{2}}=6x-12y-6x+12y=0$
因此,$x(x,y)={x}^{3}-6{x}^{2}y-3x{y}^{2}+2{y}^{3}$为调和函数。
步骤 3:求共轭调和函数
设共轭调和函数为$(x,y)$,则根据共轭调和函数的定义,我们有:
$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial x}=-\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y}=6{x}^{2}+6xy-6{y}^{2}$
$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial y}=\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x}=3{x}^{2}-12xy-3{y}^{2}$
将$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial x}$对$x$积分,得到:
$(x,y)=2{x}^{3}+3{x}^{2}y-6x{y}^{2}+c(y)$
其中$c(y)$是关于$y$的函数。然后,将$(x,y)$对$y$求导,得到:
$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial y}=3{x}^{2}-12xy+c'(y)$
将$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial y}$代入$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial y}=\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x}$,得到:
$3{x}^{2}-12xy+c'(y)=3{x}^{2}-12xy-3{y}^{2}$
解得$c'(y)=-3{y}^{2}$,因此$c(y)=-{y}^{3}+C$,其中$C$是常数。所以,共轭调和函数为:
$(x,y)=2{x}^{3}+3{x}^{2}y-6x{y}^{2}-{y}^{3}+C$
首先,我们计算$x(x,y)={x}^{3}-6{x}^{2}y-3x{y}^{2}+2{y}^{3}$的二阶偏导数。首先计算一阶偏导数:
$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x}=3{x}^{2}-12xy-3{y}^{2}$
$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y}=-6{x}^{2}-6xy+6{y}^{2}$
然后计算二阶偏导数:
$\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {x}^{2}}=6x-12y$
$\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {y}^{2}}=-6x+12y$
步骤 2:验证$x(x,y)$是否为调和函数
根据调和函数的定义,如果一个函数的拉普拉斯算子为零,即$\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {x}^{2}}+\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {y}^{2}}=0$,则该函数为调和函数。将上面计算的二阶偏导数代入,我们得到:
$\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {x}^{2}}+\dfrac {{\partial }^{2}u}{\partial {y}^{2}}=6x-12y-6x+12y=0$
因此,$x(x,y)={x}^{3}-6{x}^{2}y-3x{y}^{2}+2{y}^{3}$为调和函数。
步骤 3:求共轭调和函数
设共轭调和函数为$(x,y)$,则根据共轭调和函数的定义,我们有:
$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial x}=-\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y}=6{x}^{2}+6xy-6{y}^{2}$
$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial y}=\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x}=3{x}^{2}-12xy-3{y}^{2}$
将$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial x}$对$x$积分,得到:
$(x,y)=2{x}^{3}+3{x}^{2}y-6x{y}^{2}+c(y)$
其中$c(y)$是关于$y$的函数。然后,将$(x,y)$对$y$求导,得到:
$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial y}=3{x}^{2}-12xy+c'(y)$
将$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial y}$代入$\dfrac {\partial v}{\partial y}=\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x}$,得到:
$3{x}^{2}-12xy+c'(y)=3{x}^{2}-12xy-3{y}^{2}$
解得$c'(y)=-3{y}^{2}$,因此$c(y)=-{y}^{3}+C$,其中$C$是常数。所以,共轭调和函数为:
$(x,y)=2{x}^{3}+3{x}^{2}y-6x{y}^{2}-{y}^{3}+C$