物干Cyber (网络的) bullies, like any bully, want to feel power and control over their victim. Many kids live and breathe on the Internet. It is essential to how they see themselves and how they socialize with their peers. The computer is as essential a social tool today as the telephone was decades ago.This is part of why a cyber bullying attack can be disastrous. Targets are faced with threats and intimidation in emails and instant messages, but it is not only fear that the cyber bully can instill (灌输) over the web.The potential for public humiliation (羞辱) has been expanded from a target’s classmates or school to effectively the entire world, or at least the wired world. To be humiliated in front of a classroom of students is bad enough but to be humiliated for the amusement of thousands is more than most kids can bear.So, as parents, what should you do to deal with cyber bullying?First, do not respond to the cyber bully’s attacks. This is what the bully wants. They want you to engage with them. They want to manipulate you into responding. If you respond in any way that is emotional or lets them know that they are getting to you and are able to make you upset it only encourages the cyber bully.Second, report the cyber bullying to police and schools. You need to let appropriate authorities know about the cyber bullying or they cannot take corrective action. Cyber bullying is not something you want to ignore. It is your responsibility to report this behavior so the perpetrators (作恶者) can be dealt with. This helps to not only protect your child but to intervene before the cyber bully harms even more kids.Finally, be aware of what your child is doing on the Internet. It is vital to keep up with what is going on in your child’s world. More and more a large part of that world involves online activities and communication. You need to talk with them about what they are doing and with whom they are communicating.Cyber bullying can be every bit as dangerous as bullying; more so in some cases. Keep open communication lines with your children so they will feel comfortable enough to tell you. They need to know that cyber bullying is not their fault. The fault and the problem both lay with the cyber bully.1. Why can a cyber bullying attack be disastrous for kids?A) Because they can hardly escape from the harm of bullying attack from the Internet. B) Because they cannot see themselves and socialize with their peers any more.C) Because they haven’t expected that the fear of cyber bully will last so long.D) Because they have to use computers as an essential social tool.2. Why are parents suggested not to respond to the cyber bully’s attacks?A) Because that will just fall into the trap of the attackers. B) Because that will bring more harmful cyber bully attacks.C) Because that is too emotional and will let the attackers know what you are doing.D) Because that will make parents upset and thus engage with them.3. How to protect more kids from being harmed by cyber bullying?A) Work with other parents to take corrective action.B) Talk with cyber bullies about their dangerous behavior.C) Let appropriate authorities know about the cyber bullying. D) Participate actively in kids’ online activities and communication.4. What should parents do when their children become victims of cyber bullying according to the passage?A) Remind them that cyber bullying is as dangerous as bullying.B) Try to make them feel comfortable enough to ignore it.C) Limit their access to the internet.D) Tell them that cyber bullying is not their fault. 5. Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?A) The harmful effects of cyber bullying.B) Dealing with cyber bullying. C) How to avoid cyber bullying.D) Cyber bullies are bringing in more victims.物干

二、 单选题 (共20题,40.0分)6. (单选题,2.0分)Linda____her training in a joint company by the end of next month.A. finishesB. has finishedC. had finishedD. will have finished

The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island indicates that ______ .Passage One Sometimes a race is not enough. Sometimes a runner just wants to go further. That’s what happened to Dennis Martin and Brooke Curran. Martin, 68, a retired detective form New York City, took up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a philanthropist (慈善家) from Alexandria, started running to get out of the house and collect her thoughts. Both she and Martin got good at running but felt the desire to do more. "The more I trained, the better I got," Curran said, "but I would cross the finish line with no sense of accomplishment." Eventually, they worked up to running marathons (马拉松) (and longer races) in other countries, on other countries. Now both have achieved a notable---and increasingly less rate--- milestone: running the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents. They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the running culture in the past two decades, at the intersection of athleticism and leisure: "runcations," which combine distance running with travel to exotic places. These trips, as expensive as they are physically challenging, are a growing and competitive market in the travel industry. "In the beginning, running was enough," said Steen Albrechtsen, a press manager. "The classic marathon was the ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and New York. But when 90,000 people a year can take that challenge, it is no longer exciting and adventurous .Hence, the search for new adventures began." "No one could ever have imagined that running would become the lifestyle activity that it is today," said Thom Gilligan, founder and president of Boston-based Marathon Tours and Travel. Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon. It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica. And then in 1995, Marathon Tours hosted its first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island, off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula: 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake Passage.A、international cooperation is a must to such an event B、runcations are expensive and physically challengingC、Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industryD、adventurous running has become increasingly popular

* 本题备选项需点击原文空格处获取，在列表上点选即可。 In what’s probably the craziest headline I’ve ever written, I’ve reported that (26)_____ in livestock protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who’re protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it results in many lion deaths that (27)_____ would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been (28)_____ and testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts. This idea is based on the principle that lions and other (29)_____ are far less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched. As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which are expanding to the (30)_____ of these protected areas. Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for conservation. “If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana—and (31)_____—with a low-cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions safe from being killed.” Lions are (32)_____ ambush (埋伏) hunters, so when they feel their prey has (33)_____ them, they usually give up on the hunt. Researchers are (34)_____ testing their idea on a select herd of cattle. They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to (35)_____ if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.

Section C Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Textbooks represen an 11 billion dollar industry, up from 8billion in 2014. Textbook publisher Pearson is the largest publisher any kind- in the world. It costs about million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of contributors from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors instructors and students in ways that alternatives such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection happens not only by means of collaborative development, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks and curricula for the coming year. It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses largely due to students renting or buying used print textbooks But this can be chalked up to the excessively high cost of their books which has increased over 1,000 percent since 1977. A restructuring of the textbook industry may well be in order. But this does not mean the end of the textbook itself. While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless For example, over the centuries they have simulated ((模拟) dialogues in a number of ways. From 1800to to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for students to answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to general questions. Today's psychology texts, for example, ask: How much of your personality do you think you inherited?" while ones in physics say: How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?" Experts observe that textbooks come in layers, something like an onion." For an active learner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive experience. Readers proceed at their own pace. They customize their books by engaging with different layers and linkages. Highlighting Post-It notes, dog- ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value in print books over digital forms of books. 1 What does the passage say about open educationa resources? A) They contribute to teaching as much as to learning. B) They don't profit as much as traditional textbooks do. C) They can't connect professors and students as textbooks do. D) They compete fiercely for customer with textbook producers. 2 What is the main cause of the publishers' losses? A) Failure to meet student need. B) Industry restructuring.C) Emergence of e-books D) Falling sales 3.What does the textbook industry need to do? A) Reform its structures. C) Find replacements for printed textbooks B) Cut its retail prices. D) Change its business strategy periodically4What are students expected to do in the learning process? A) Think carefully before answering each question. B) Ask questions based on their own understanding.C) Answer questions using their personal experience. D) Give answers showing their respective personality. 5What do experts say about students using textbooks? A) They can digitalize the prints easily C) They can purchase customize versions B) They can learn in an interactive way. D) They can adapt the material themselve

ㅤAs cities balloon with growth，access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.If you're lucky，there might be a pocket park near where you live，but it's unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.ㅤPast research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans，but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.ㅤThe research team focused on a large urban park.They surveyed several hundred park -goers，asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.The researchers then examined these submissions，coding （编码） experiences into different categories.For example，one participant's experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories "sitting at beach" and "listening to waves."ㅤAcross the 320 submissions，a pattern of categories the researchers call a "nature language" began to emerge.After the coding of all submissions，half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors.These include encountering wildlife，walking along the edge of water，and following an established trail.ㅤNaming each nature experience creates a usable language，which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.For example，the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a workday，they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.ㅤ"We're trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.And for that to happen，we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it，" said Peter Kahn，a senior author of the study.（1）What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text？ ____ A．Pocket parks are now popular.B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.C．Many cities are overpopulated.D．People enjoy living close to nature.（2）Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories？ ____ A．To compare different types of park-goers.B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.C．To analyze the main features of the park.D．To find patterns in the visitors' summaries.（3）What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5？ ____ A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C．The same nature experience takes different forms.D．The nature language enhances work performance.（4）What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn？ ____ A．Language study.B．Environmental conservation.C．Public education.D．Intercultural communication.

Thinking small，being engaging，and having a sense of humor don't hurt.Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns.But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial. Crowdfunding，raising money for a project through online appeals，has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to producing water-saving gadgets.Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors，too，with mixed success.Some raised more than twice their goals，but others have fallen short of reaching even modest targets. To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures，a team led by science communications scholar Mike Schafer of the University of Zurich examined the content of the webpages for 371 recent campaigns. Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals，the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science.For one，they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science，and not just any kind of project.Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers，platforms such as and Petridish org only present scientific projects.For another，they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success.Most of them engage with potential donors，since projects that answered questions from interested donors fared better.And they target a small amount of money.The projects included in the study raised ＄4000 on average，with 30% receiving less than ＄1000.The more money a project sought，the lower the chance it reached its goal，the researchers found. Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success，most notably，the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks，and how much a researcher promotes a project on their own.Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page.Crowdfunding can be part of researchers' efforts to reach the public，and people give because "they feel a connection to the person" who is doing the fundraising-not necessarily to the science.（1）What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects？ ____ A.They did not raise much due to modest targets.B.Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.C.They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.D.Most of them put movies online for the purpose.（2）What is the purpose of Mike Schafer's research of recent crowdfunding campaigns？ ____ A.To create attractive content for science websites.B.To help scientists to launch innovative projects.C.To identify reasons for their different outcomes.D.To separate science projects from general ones.（3）What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign？ ____ A.The potential benefit to future generations.B.Its originality in addressing financial issues.C.The value of the proposed project.D.Its interaction with prospective donors.（4）What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects？ ____ A.They should be small to be successful.B.They should be assessed with great care.C.They should be based on actual needs.D.They should be ambitious to gain notice.

____Understanding the text is the greatest amount of time.____The most flexibility to change is the lowest cost for making mistakes.____9 Approach these years enthusiastically! Make the most of your time. Become the great thinker you were born to be. Let your talents evolve to their fullest potential. Be bold! Experiment! Learn and grow! We are enormously proud that you've made it this far, and we can't wait to see what you will become.Love.Your father8/8. What is the father eager to see?A What his child will develop into.B How his child makes full use of free time.C Whether his child will become a great thinker.

[听力文本资源]W: Did you hear the thunderstorm last night? It woke me up several times!M: Did we hear it? Lightning struck the old oak tree in our front yard! It split the top part of the trunk in two! We were just lucky that neither the lightning nor the tree hit our house!Q: What does the man imply?[听力文本资源]A) He had a sound sleep and didn’t hear the thunderstorm.B) The thunderstorm was too deafening not to hear. C) The terrible lightning struck his front yard.D) The lightning split a tree completely into two.