If there's one rule that most parents cling to in the confusing, fast-changing world of kids and media, it's "No screens before age 2."As of today, that rule has been thrown out the window.The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), which first issued that recommendation back in 1999, has extensively updated and revised its guidelines for children and adolescents to reflect new research and new habits.The new guidelines, especially for very young children, shift the focus from WHAT is on the screen to WHO else is in the room. And in doing so, they raise some intriguing points about the future of learning from mediaFor babies younger than 18 months, AAP still says no screens at all are the best idea—with one notable exception: Live video chat. Surveys indicate that families already popularly believe that "Face time doesn't count", or at least that the benefit of virtual visits with grandparents or other relatives outweighs the potential cost of exposing babies to the laptop or smartphone.The AAP doesn't cite positive evidence that infants actually get something out of this kind of "conversation", the way that they clearly do from live social interaction. But there's some observational research that infants as young as six months old are emotionally engaged by playing live peekaboo (躲猫猫游戏) with Grandma online.For infants and toddlers (学步儿童), ages 15 months to 2 years old, there's limited evidence from a couple of very small studies that they can learn new words from educational media, if and only if parents are watching alongside them, repeating what the video says and/or drawing attention to what is on the screen. In other words, treating a video or an app like a picture book is the best bet.The flip side of this is that many studies have actually shown poorer language skills correlated with earlier solo viewing of "educational" videos. There's also research that shows language delays in children who watch more TV and start watching earlier. In both cases, the problem seems to be media replacing interaction with people. For this reason, the new AAP guideline has changed from "avoid all screens under age 2" to "avoid solo media use in this age group."For preschoolers ages 2 to 5, there's more evidence that they have the ability to transfer knowledge from screens to the real world, including early literacy and math. For this age group, AAP recommends no more than an hour a day of screen use. And, just as with younger children, they want care-givers to take part in screen time: "Co-view with your children, help children understand what they are seeing, and help them apply what they learn to the world around them."1、What do we learn about the "No screens under 2" rule?It has met more and more resistance from parents.It has proved helpful to children’s healthy growth.It confuses parents with regard to kids’ education.It has been discarded in line with recent research.2、What do the new AAP guidelines advocate?Young children should be accompanied by parents during screen time.Parents should be emotionally involved in their children’s upbringing.Young children should watch videos carefully selected by parents.Parents should protect their children from too much media exposure.3、What do families think of live video chat according to surveys?It should not be regarded as screen time.It helps babies to develop their verbal skills.It is not as harmful as playing games on laptops.It is a good substitute for video viewing.4、What do researches find about kids solo viewing educational videos?It arouses their interest in language learning.It works no better than reading picture books.It hampers their development of language skills.It helps them acquire independent learning skills.5、What does the author say about preschoolers ages 2 to 5?They can understand pretty well what they see on the screen.They can learn on their own without much parental guidance.They can make use of educational videos to develop digital literacy.They can relate what they learn on the screen to real life situations.

The words in the box below are either active words or academic words marked in the Academic Word List (AWL). Choose the most suitable one to complete each sentence. Change the form where parison enhance formulation immune minimal distinct option relieve retain stock undergo1. These people in the coal mine factory had no ________ but to take the low-paid unattractive work.2. Hopefully, the multi-national anti-terrorist conference will ________ the prospects of world peace.3. There's a lot of evidence that oily fish, as ________ from fatty meat, has a beneficial effect.4. Before testing any new ________ of medicine on children, the doctors have to make very hard judgments about the benefits and risks.5. Since only a tiny amount of radiation has been released, the World Health Organization believes that the relevant public health risk is ________.6. The cancer patient must first ________ radiation and chemotherapy (化疗) to weaken the original immune system, which is an exhausting experience.7. His business has been taken over by a big corporation, but he still ________ some control over it.8. HIV (艾滋病毒) is not to undermine one human body organ, but to destroy the body's ________ system, resulting in multiple organ damage.9. To be on the safe side, some families tend to ________ their cellars with food and water in case of emergency.10. Measures have been taken to ________ the city of its traffic jam, but the problem is not likely to be solved in a short time.11. Let's try a ________ — reducing the sun to the size of a golf ball, the earth would be the size of a grain of sand.

The computer is a crucial social tool today as the telephone was decades ago, and many kids live and breathe on the Internet. This is part of why cyberbullying (网络霸凌) can be so dangerous. Targets of cyberbullies face threats and attacks in emails and instant messages, but it is not only fear that cyberbullying can create.With cyberbullying, the potential for public humiliation (羞辱) has been expanded from a target’s classmates or school to the entire world. To be humiliated in front of a classroom of students is bad enough, but to be humiliated for the amusement of thousands is more than most kids can bear.So, as parents, what should you do to deal with cyberbullying?First, do not respond to cyberbullying attacks. This is what the bully wants. They want you to engage with them. They want to manipulate you into responding. If you respond in any way that is emotional or lets them know that they are getting to you and are able to make you upset, it only encourages them.Second, report cyberbullying to the police and schools. You need to inform appropriate authority about the cyberbullying, or they cannot take correct action. Cyberbullying is not just a problem for the victim.27. Why is it suggested that parents not respond to cyberbullying attacks?A. Because they will just be falling into the attacker’s trap.B. Because it will encourage more harmful cyberbullying attacks.C. Because it will make parents more upset.D. Because it can reveal too much personal information

汉译英我从来不知道我老板喜不喜欢我的工作。我的同事们也同样不知道。(nor +倒装结构)

他们正要离开那幢房子时，突然听到火警警报器在背后尖声响起。(be about to)They were about to leave the house when they heard a fire alarm screaming behind them.

The origin of the almighty dollar is in what is now the Czech Republic. In 1519 ,a silver mine near the town of Joachimstal literally "Joachim’s valley," from the German Tal, meaning valley began minting a silver coin called, unimaginatively, the Joachimstaler. The coin, which was circulated widely, became better known by its clipped form, the taler. In Dutch and Low German, the initial consonant softened to become daler. English adopted this form, eventually changing its spelling to the modern dollar. In the American colonies, there was no standard currency. The coin that was in widest use was the Spanish Peso, known also as" Pieces of Eight" because it could be divided into eight pie-like pieces. The English colonists informally assigned the name dollar to this coin. In 1785, when the Continental Congress established U.S. currency ,they adopted dollar as name for the standard unit of currency ,at the suggestion of Governeur Morris and Thomas Jefferson ,.because the term was widely known and was not associated with any form of official English currency. Jefferson also coined the term disme, from the French dixieme, for a tenth of a dollar. Pronounced deem, it eventually became dime. The origin of the sign has several folkloric stories attached. One says that Thomas Jefferson invented it, perhaps as a sort of monogram for TS. Jefferson was the first to use the symbol in relation to the U.S. dollar, but this story is fanciful. Another says that originally it was U superimposed over an S,for U.S. of course. Eventually the base of the U eroded due to poor printing technology, leaving an S with two lines through it. Another says that it is a variant of a figure eight that appeared on the Spanish Peso, standing for the pieces of eight. This Past is close to the truth, but not quite there. The Spanish royal family used on its escutcheon, two pillars representing the Pillars of Hercules in Gibraltar and Morocco crossed by an unfurled banner reading" Plus Ultra." This symbol appeared on the Peso, and looked much like the modern sign. It was adopted as a symbol for the Peso in the American colonies, and was transferred to the dollar. The U.S. was the first nation to adopt an official currency named the dollar. In 1797 ,the Bank of England began minting" dollar" coins as bank-issued currency. Other nations that have adopted the name dollar for their currency have done so in emulation of either the U.S. or this short-lived Bank of England practice.Which one of the following is still in question () A. Thomas Jefferson invented sign for US dollars.B. The origin of the dollar is in the Czech Republic.C. Spanish Peso was used widely in old American colonies.D. The British central bank has once issued coins named dollars.

The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is one of the most significant cultural _ of 1960s-70s China.A. contributionsB. emblemsC. regionsD. ruins

One U.S. state senator proposed that high school students be allowed to study either foreign language or computer coding.[A] As computer coding has become an increasingly sought-after skill, more K-12 schools are working it into their curriculums. Some states have considered allowing students to forgo (放弃) foreign language for coding classes, despite opposition from educators.[B] There’s a debate over whether it’s appropriate to teach coding in elementary schools, with fierce opinions on each side. When it comes to allowing coding to fill foreign language requirements, though, most educators agree: Coding should be added to curriculums, but not at the expense of foreign language classes.[C] The idea is that computer programming is a language, allowing people to communicate with machines and programs. It’s the language of the 21st century and more valuable than a natural language, some advocates argue. The computer science field is growing faster than schools can keep up because of budget constraints and a lack of skills training for teachers.[D] According to the 2016 U.S. News/Raytheon STEM Index, computer science jobs have helped boost wages in the U.S., and computer-related jobs hold the top seven positions in STEM fields for highest number of workers. Foreign language interest, on the other hand, is declining for the first time since 1995. The number of higher education language enrollments declined between 2009 and 2013 by more than 111,000 spots, according to the Modern Language Association of America.[E] “I think the opportunity to give people a choice is important,” says Florida state Senator Jeremy Ring, who introduced a bill last year that would allow Florida students to choose between foreign language and coding classes for the purpose of university admissions requirements. “I think if you’re going to give two years of language in high school, you might as well do computer coding.”请选择和题干内容相一致的段落。A、[A]B、[B]C、[C]D、[D]E、[E]

(阅读理解题,15分) Like death and taxes, there is no escaping color. That is, it seems to be everywhere. Yet what does it all mean? Why are people more relaxed in green rooms? Why do weightlifters do their best in blue gyms?Colors often have different meanings in various cultures. And even in Western societies, the meanings of various colors have changed over the years. But today researchers have generally found the following to be accurate.Black is the color of power. It is popular in fashion because it makes people appear thinner. It is also stylish and timeless. Black also implies submission (顺从). Priests(牧师) wear black to show submission to GoD. But black clothes can also be overpowering.Brides wear white as a symbol of purity. White reflects light and is considered a summer color. White is popular in fashion because it is light and goes with everything. Doctors and nurses wear white to imply that they are clean.What do we learn about clothes of a specific color?()A Red clothes can attract greater attention.B Black clothes can make people look heavier.C Doctors wear white clothes to calm down patients.D Job interviewees wear blue clothes to relax themselves.

他天生就是个钢琴家，他12岁时就举办了个人钢琴独奏会，并获得极大成功。(be born to)He was born to be a pianist. He held his first solo concert at the age of 12 and it was a big success.