Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ______ of exercise．（ ）A. LimitB. lackC. needD. demand

4.随着全球气候变化引发的极端天气事件愈发频繁，各国政府不得不重新评估其能源政策，以确保在实现经济可持续发展的同时，能够有效应对由此带来的环境挑战。A. As extreme weather events caused by global climate change are becoming more frequent, governments of various countries have to re-evaluate their energy policies, to ensure that while achieving sustainable economic development, they can effectively deal with the environmental challenges caused by this.B. With extreme weather events from global climate change being more and more frequent, all countries' governments have no choice but to re-assess their energy policies, so that they can achieve sustainable economic development and at the same time effectively cope with the environmental challenges brought about thereby.C. As extreme weather events triggered by global climate change grow increasingly frequent, governments around the world are compelled to re-evaluate their energy policies to ensure that they can effectively address the resulting environmental challenges while pursuing sustainable economic development.D. Along with the fact that extreme weather events caused by global climate change are more frequent, each country's government has to re-examine their energy policies, making sure that when they realize sustainable economic development, they can deal with the environmental challenges from this effectively.

Product guarantee _______.A. must be in written formB. can be based on the company's reputationC. is not often provided by the companiesD. often fails to meet in reality

Here’s the good news: our air is cleaner, our lakes are purer, our forests are healthier, endangered species are recovering, toxic emissions are down, and acid rain has diminished dramatically. And yet, if you’ve looked at a newspaper or watched the evening news lately, you might think our environment is under siege(围攻). Media coverage of the environment is heavy on doomsday, but the truth is not at all break: nearly all environmental trends in the United States are positive and have been for years--if net decades. Eco-legislation, green organizations, corporate cooperation and new inventions have all quietly steered our environment in a positive direction. We can’t afford to be complacent(自满的), though--especially when it comes to greenhouse gases, since global warming is the one huge problem we haven’t really tackled. But almost every measure taken by government agencies and grass-roots efforts tn improve the environment has shown encouraging results--usually faster than expected and at a lower cost. Now that’s good news. Scientists and environmentalists think that even the worrisome fact of global warming can be ameliorated(改善). There is a strong scientific consensus that the global warming threat requires action, but if current environmental trends persist and the reduction of most pollutants continues to be accomplished faster and more cheaply than expected, we may be able to control and reduce greenhouse gases in both affordable and practical ways. Consider some of the environmental improvements the United States has witnessed over the last three decades. Take a nice, big cleansing breath. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, emissions of the primary smog-causing chemicals from cars and trucks have declined 54 percent since 1970, even though the number of registered cars and trucks has more than doubled, from 108,407,000 to 230,428,000, and they are now driven one and a half times as far annually. Keep breathing, because the fine particulates linked to respiratory disease, including those sometimes seen as soot(煤烟), are down by about one-third since 1979 (though fewer cities were surveyed back then). The level of carbon monoxide, a dangerous odorless gas, is down 53 percent since 1970. And emissions of sulfur dioxide, often the major culprit behind acid rain, are down 49 percent since 1970, despite the fact that the United States now bums far more coal, the main source of this pollutant. These improvements have translated into better air quality for millions of Americans. Between 1976 and 1990, the Los Angeles area averaged some 150 days per year in violation of federal smog standards; in 2004, that figure dropped to just 27 violation days, the fewest ever for that city. And, in case you are wondering, federal standards have become stricter; not weaker, during this period. Of course, there is more to be done-27 smog days in Los Angeles are still 27 too many, and Atlanta, Houston and other cities continue to experience air-pollution problems. But overall, air-quality trends are strongly positive. Now, exhale. Other environmental trends are equally encouraging. Water quality has improved, too, and rates of waterborne disease are also in decline. It’s hard to believe, but just a generation ago, factories and municipal plants actually discharged untreated wastewater directly into rivers; today, though some raw sewage often makes it to waterways, almost all wastewater in the United States is treated before discharge. Even our largest metropolises have seen dramatic changes in their waterways. Remember when the filthy condition of Boston Harbor became a contentions issue in the 1988 presidential campaign Today, Boston Harbor is sparkling again. The Potomac River, which in the 1960s literally gave off a stench(恶臭), now boasts a thriving waterfront restaurant scone. And the Chicago River, a virtual open sewer in the 1960s, now hosts charming dinner cruises. Invention has always been an important force in American history. When major reductions in automobile pollution were first mandated by the Clean Air Act of 1970, automakers either called the goals impossible or claimed that cars would become ruinously expensive. Then the catalytic converter was invented. This device reduces the level of many pollutants from automobile exhaust both cheaply and reliably. Today, it is estimated that new cars and light trucks emit just 3 to 4 percent of the amount of pollution that a new car would have emitted in 1968, before regulation; soon cars emitting less than I percent could be seen driving around your neighborhood. Other inventions, such as an enormous device known as the electrostatic precipitator, have reduced severe emissions from power-plant smokestacks, eliminated toxic substances from manufacturing processes, and replaced CFCs, the chemicals that cause ozone-layer depletion, with other more benign compounds. And by the way, the ozone layer appears to be restoring itself. Government regulation has also been an important force in the drive to protect the environment. The reason the catalytic converter and other antipollution devices were invented in the first place is because the government required big reductions in pollution, via the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act and other legislation. Some environmental regulation may be too cumbersome(麻烦的) and needs to be streamlined-standards can vary wildly between regions--but there isn’t any doubt that environmental regulation actually works. Individual activism has been another important factor in the amazing progress we have seen in our natural world. Without the continued pressure from environmentalists, antipollution legislation would not have been enacted, and many pollution-reducing devices would not have been invented. Grass-roots organizations have been particularly essential to the ongoing creation and maintenance of new parks, wildlife refuges and protected forests. Businesses that once resisted environmental roles now generally comply. When companies started losing lawsuits regarding their chemical omissions, the idea of toxic reduction became rather popular in corporate boardrooms. But many corporations today seem to have genuinely come to believe that environmental protection is good for the country, good for the economy and, therefore, good for business. Getting a head start on the future, several big manufacturers, such as Alcoa, Boeing and Whirlpool, have already taken steps to reduce their companies’ greenhouse gas emissions. Alcoa, for example, has initiated a plan to use improved technology to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 25 percent by 2010. The company also has extensive tree-planting programs near many of its operations and service areas, and Alcoa helps fund environmental nonprofits. Boeing and Whirlpool, meanwhile, are working to meet emissions reduction targets even though, no federal law yet requires this. Business leaders, environmentalists, regulators and inventors are working toward the same goal. That’s certainly an odd mix--not clearly Republican or Democratic, not clearly left-wing or right-wing. And maybe that’s the biggest reason you rarely hear about environmental progress. Current trends do not fit any preconceived (预想的) ideological notions. The political left wants to believe that industry is destroying the planet, and refuses to consider the evidence that business and the environment are making peace. The political right wants to believe that regulations are destroying the country, and refuses to consider the evidence that the longest period of economic expansion in American history occurred during the very period when pollution was in the midst of its big decline. However, today’s reality--an improving environment without economic does not fit with anyone’s scare-tactic fund-raising or cheap-shot political campaigns. Do the positive trends mean that environmental protection is no longer a concern Absolutely not. Many problems remain, among them the loss of wildlife habitat in suburban expansion areas, chemical runoff from nearly unrestricted agriculture, and low miles-per-gallon SUVs, which cause waste by burning excessive gas. Beyond these setbacks stands the specter (幽灵) of artificially triggered climate change. Global warming may be the Super Bowl of environmental problems, since it could impact all of Earth. But just bear this in mind: in every place where nations have imposed strict environmental standards, negative trends turned to positive very quickly. Earth, after all, has proved throughout the eons(万古) to be nothing if not resilient(能复原的). This gives us good reason to hope that if we act to solve the environmental problems that still remain, we will achieve rapid progress against them too. Now that’s a reason to say Happy Earth Day!Antipollution legislations have been enacted thanks to the continued pressure from ______. A．grass-roots organizationsB．individual activismC．environmentalistsD．environmental regulation

【题文】 Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just ''mental noise''-the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat(恒温器), regulating moods while the brain is ''off-line''. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, ''It's your dream'', says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center, ''If you don't like it, change it''.Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the ''emotional brain'') is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. ''We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day'', says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of ''we wake up in a panic'', Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.【小题1】Researchers have come to believe that dreams__________. A．reflect our innermost desires and fears B．are a random outcome of neural repairs C．can be modified in their courses D．are vulnerable to emotional changes 【小题2】By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show __________. A．its difference from the prefrontal cortex B．its function in our dreams C．the mechanism of REM sleep D．the relation of dreams to emotions 【小题3】The negative feelings generated during the day tend to __________. A．emerge in dreams early at night B．develop into happy dreams C．worsen in our unconscious mind D．persist till the time we fall asleep 【小题4】Cartwright seems to suggest that __________. A．dreams should be left to their natural progression B．dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious C．visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control D．waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

His teacher recognized Joe's talent and posted all his work online, which led to something pretty wonderful. A restaurant named “Number 4” in Newcastle contacted Joe's teacher to ask if the 9-year-old could come and decorate its dining-room with his drawings. Every day after school, Joe's dad drives him to the restaurant, so he can put his ideas straight on the wall.Q: What did the restaurant “Number 4” do?听音频并回答音频中的问题A、Asked Joe for permission to use his online drawings. B、Hired Joe to paint all the walls of its buildings. C、Renovated its kitchen and all the dining-rooms. D、Contacted Joe to decorate its dining-room.

Recently， the term "carbon neutral（碳中和）"has been used frequently at some important meetings in many countries. Many countries have put forward the goal of striving（奋斗目标） to be carbon neutral. China is expected to be carbon neutral by 2060. So， as middle school students， what can we do to protect the environment and live a low carbon life？ Here are some suggestions for you. Travel in a green way. Now more Chinese people have cars of their own. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. So we'd better do more walking， cycling and less driving. By doing so， we can save energy and reduce pollution. Cut down white pollution. We should reduce the use of plastic bags. When you go to the supermarket， bring your own shopping bags. Save water. Lack （缺乏） of water resources will affect the ecological environment （生态环境）. So please turn off the tap after using it. Sore （分类） the rubbish. Doing garbage classification （垃圾分类） in a right way can turn waste into wealth. Plant more trees. Planting more trees means cutting down and reducing the carbon footprint （碳足迹） and spread of greenhouse gases （气体）. Use both sides of the paper. The paper production process uses a lot of trees. Now is the time that we should take up our responsibility to protect our environment from being polluted. Let's join our hands and take action immediately.（1）Which way is bad for the environment ？ ____ A. Walking.B.Riding a bike.C.Driving.（2）White pollution means ____ .A.water pollution.B.plastic pollution.C.air pollution.（3）When we go shopping， we'd better use ____ .A.plastic bags.B.shopping cards.C.shopping bags.（4）How many suggestions does the writer give in the passage to be carbon neutral？ ____ A.5.B.6.C.7.（5）What is the main idea of the passage？ ____ A.Live a low carbon life.B.Sore the rubbish.C.Travel in a green way.

Most people spend much more time interacting with digital media than they did ten years ago.[A]Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago. But today’s teens have grown up with smartphones. Compared with teens a couple of decades ago, the way they interact with traditional media like books and movies is fundamentally different.[B]Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976 reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time. Paper books are being ignored, in favor of screens. Digital devices are changing other behaviors, too. More and more, young people choose spending time on their electronic devices over engaging in other activities, regardless of the type. Indeed, by 2016, the average American high school senior said they spent six hours a day writing text messages, on social media, and online during their free time. And that covers just three activities, and if other digital media activities were included, that estimate would no doubt rise.[C]Teens did not always spend that much time with digital media. Online time has doubled since 2006, and social media use has moved from a periodic activity to a daily one in the same period. By 2016, nearly nine out of ten young women in the 12th grade said they visited social media sites every day. Meanwhile, time spent playing video games rose from under an hour a day to an hour and a half on average. One out of ten American 8th grade students in 2016 spent 40 hours a week or more playing video games. Let me emphasize that this is equal to the time most adults spend per week at work.[D]If teens are spending so much time using electronic devices, does that mean they have to give up some other activities? Maybe not. Over the years, many scholars have insisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging with traditional media or on other activities. Some people, they argue, are just more interested in certain kinds of media and entertainment. Thus, using more of one type of media does not necessarily mean less of the other.[E]That may be true, but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a whole generation of people when time spent on digital media grows. Large surveys conducted over the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in the past. While 70 percent of 8th and 10th grade students used to go to the movies once a month or more, now only about half do this. More and more, watching a movie is something teens choose to do on their electronic devices. Why is this a problem? One reason is that going to the cinema is generally a social activity. Now, watching movies is something that most teens do alone. This fits a larger pattern. In another analysis, researchers found that today’s teens go out with their friends much less often than previous generations did.请选择和题干内容相一致的段落。A、[A]B、[B]C、[C]D、[D]E、[E]

The world uses about a thousand million (百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water. Treating waste water is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of waste water around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the waste water. While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is freshwater- that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process (加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy. Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.【小题1】How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world? A．Under 700 million. B．Over 700 million. C．About 92 million. 【小题2】Treating waste water helps the environment by________. A．storing waste in ice and snow B．letting waste run into oceans C．keeping waste out of rivers and oceans 【小题3】What does the underlined word "desalination" in Paragraph 3 mean? A．远洋运输 B．食盐销售 C．海水淡化 【小题4】At present, the technology to process water________. A．needs much energy B．saves much money C．satisfies everyone 【小题5】What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Everyone has enough clean water. B．The water problem is still serious. C．Our planet is covered with water.

Recently，the term "carbon neutral（碳中和）"has been used frequently at some important meetings in many countries.Many countries have put forward the goal of striving（奋斗目标）to be carbon neutral.China is expected to be carbon neutral by 2060.So，as middle school students，what can we do to protect the environment and live a low carbon life？Here are some suggestions for you. Travel in a green way.Now more Chinese people have cars of their own.It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.So we had better do more walking，cycling，taking a bus and less driving.By doing so，we can save energy and reduce pollution. Cut down white pollution.We should reduce the pollution of plastic bags.When you go to the supermarket，bring your own shopping bags. Save water.Lack（缺乏）of water resources will affect the ecological environment（生态环境）.So please turn off the tap after using it. Sort（分类）the rubbish.Doing garbage classification（垃圾分类）in a right way can turn waste into wealth. Plant more trees.Planting more trees means cutting down and reducing the carbon footprint（足迹）and spreading of greenhouse gases. Use both sides of the paper.The paper production process uses a lot of trees. Now is the time that we should take up our responsibility to protect our environment from being polluted.Let's join our hands and take actions immediately.（1）According to the passage，which way is bad for the environment？ ____ A.Walking.B.Driving.C.Riding a bike.D.Taking a bus.（2）White pollution means ____ .A.air pollutionB.water pollutionC.noise pollutionD.plastic pollution（3）In order to protect the environment and live a low carbon life，we can ____ .①use plastic bags while shopping②use only one side of the paper③do garbage classification in a right way④turn off the water after using itA. ①②B. ③④C. ①③④D. ①②③④（4）How many suggestions does the writer give in the passage to be carbon neutral？ ____ A.Six.B.Five.C.Four.D.Three（5）What is the main idea of the passage？ ____ A.Save the world.B.Sort the rubbish.C.Live a low carbon life.D.Travel in a green way.