5.He gave his son some advice on reading.

Coins were given value according to the exact amount of metals contained in themA. before the eighteenth and nineteenth centuriesB. after the eighteenth and nineteenth centuriesC. during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuriesD. between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

America’s education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next. That’s why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It’s not just about education, but about poverty and justice. It’s true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn’t teachers’ unions, but poverty. Southern states without strong teachers’ unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn’t be held accountable until poverty is solved. There’re steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting. I’d be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation’s worst schools. But, instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers. There’s solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact. Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it’s as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two. The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers, a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money at age 28. How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that’s a challenge. But researchers are improving systems to measure a teacher’s performance throughout the year, and, with three years of data, it’s usually possible to tell which teachers are failing. Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective-should get priority in new hiring. That’s an insult to students. Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers. This isn’t a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children. Protecting the union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system. 【小题1】What do we learn about America’s education system? A．It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy. B．It contributes little to the elimination of inequality. C．It has remained basically unchanged for generations. D．It has brought up generations of responsible citizens. 【小题2】What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools? A．Unqualified teachers. B．Lack of financial resources. C．Unfavorable learning environment. D．Subconscious racial discrimination. 【小题3】What does the author think the union should do to win popular support? A．Assist the city government in reforming schools. B．Give constructive advice to inner-city schools. C．Demand higher pay for teachers. D．Help teachers improve teaching. 【小题4】What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars? A．Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs. B．A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes. C．Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers. D．Students’ performance has a lot to do with teachers. 【小题5】Why does the author say the Chicago unions’ demand is an insult to students? A．It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students. B．It underestimates students’ ability to tell good teachers from poor ones. C．It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways. D．It totally ignores students; initiative in the learning process.

DOver the past decade, the growth in highskilled jobs has largely been limited to Australia's biggest cities. Meanwhile, in rural and regional Australia lowerskilled jobs have been growing fastest. This skills gap is increasing regional differences in income and employment opportunities, despite the promises of technology and infrastructure as solutions to the tyranny of remoteness.Our research finds that jobs, particularly the highly skilled, whitecollar kind, are becoming increasingly collaborative（协作的）. Complex tasks and rapidly changing work environments have increased the need for workers who can collaborate with others to solve problems and who are open to continuous learning. Roles for highly skilled workers are becoming more specialized. This specialization means more collaboration with other specialists and greater space for market positioning.The productive advantages of cities are selfreinforcing. Skilled workers benefit from the opportunity to learn from and add value with other skilled workers. The coordination（协调）costs of this collaborative work are reduced when team members are colocated.Employers also benefit from proximity（接近）to similar firms because there is a larger pool of skilled candidates for new jobs and better access to potential business partners. All these advantages encourage further specialization and productivity gains, with the result that workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers.The growing skills divide between urban and rural Australia reflects a paradox（悖论）of the digital economy. While digital technology represents a channel for bridging geographic distance, highly skilled workers are increasingly crowding into cities.The latest census（人口普查）data shows no change in the rate of working from home, despite muchimproved digital infrastructure in some areas. In time this may change, perhaps as video confferencing technology improves. However, while better technology might allow regional workers to interact with colleagues and clients in cities. it will also make it easier for citybased professionals to service regional areas.Employment is still growing in regional Australia. But the fact that cities make highly skilled workers more productive means the gap in skilled employment is likely to continue to widen.Attempts to swim against this tide by moving skilled jobs to the country will be expensive. Currently, subsidies（补助金）are needed to attract and retain（保留）highly skilled health professionals to regional communities. Despite this, our analysis of the latest census data shows that the skills gap between regions and cities is still growing.So these subsidies are not translating into sustainable, collaborative communities of highskilled regional workers. Instead, regions need to focus on their strengths, and foster the entrepreneurship that can create new sources of gainful employment.The government's move towards more individualised funding arrangements in the aged care and disability care sectors will increasingly become a resilient（有弹性的） source of income for workers and businesses in regional communities. Demand for aged care services is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades, such that by 2050 some 3.5 million Australians will require aged care. Adding to this, regional communities are experiencing population ageing at a faster rate than the large capital cities.These are important jobs which should be recognised as such. There will be opportunities for regional businesses to provide the technology and services （ranging from personalised transport to food services）which allow older people and Australians with disability to remain active and healthy.Currently people from the regions who are eager for professional careers typically move to the city to study. In many cases they do not return. Here, technology may be part of the solution. Combining specialised online educational resources with good local support teachers could enable students to access a much wider range of courses from regional areas.Regional communities will also need entrepreneurs（企业家）to develop the future industries and microbusinesses which improve the diversity and resilience of the local economy. However, startups and existing businesses are more likely to survive and expand when there is a supportive entrepreneurship ecosystem, including access to relevant skills development opportunities.1What is the remarkable characteristic of the highskilled job?A. Collaboration.B. Complexity.C. Organization.D. Sustainability.2Workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers in that __________ .A. highly skilled workers increase the coordination costsB. potential business partners live close to large city centersC. they encourage selfdependence and increase differencesD. they benefit from specialization and productive advantages3What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5mean?A. Digital infrastructure in some areas have been greatly improved.B. The lowerskilled workers are likely to have a considerable income.C. Digital technology doesn't necessarily bridge the gap in skilled employment.D. The government will have more support and preferential policies for business.4The author mentions "aged care services" to indicate that __________ .A. they lack proper managementB. they can bring new jobs to regionsC. they focus on their technical strengthsD. they help regions' funding arrangements5What is the key message of the last paragraph?A. Combining online resources with local support teachers is a good way.B. Entrepreneurs can improve the diversity to develop their own industries.C. Regional communities supply sufficient subsidies to pay skilled workers.D. Supportive entrepreneurship ecosystems play a crucial role in regional areas.6What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Lowskilled jobs have been growing fast in regional Australia.B. Regional Australia is committed to the development of local economy.C. The skill jobs gap is increasing between cities and regions in Australia.D. Highly skilled workers crowd into cities to pursue career development.

37.What feelings can hobbies bring to people? ( )A. loveB. joyC. uncomfortableD. happy

根据汉语意思完成句子。 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 The bad weather only our difficulties.

What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G]During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Section III Translation46. Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词-|||-1.(2022·四川乐山)Beijing is now the first city to hold both the Summer and the W __-|||-Olympics.-|||-2.(2022·四川乐山)Bing Dwen Dwen(冰墩墩)waves its left hand to say h __ to the-|||-world.-|||-3.(2022·四川乐山)Lucy is a small woman but she wears a l __ pair of black glasses.-|||-4.(2022·江苏苏州)The doctor's advice on keeping healthy is w taking.-|||-5.(2022 ·江苏苏州)Kate has p __ her bedroom blue because the colour brings peace to-|||-her mind and body.-|||-6.(2022·江苏苏州)You can't make much progress in study without m __ your time well.-|||-7.(2022 ·湖北随州)The Beijing Winter Olympic Games opened on 4th F __ 2022.-|||-8.(2022·湖北随州)I usually go to bed at half p __ ten.-|||-9.(2022·湖北随州)My alarm didn't go o __ so I woke up late.-|||-10.(2022 .四川眉山) -Mary ,do you know which sweater is Lily's?-|||-.-The red oneish __-|||-11.(2022·四川眉山)The young man is new here and he has few friends.So sometimes he feels-|||-1 __ -|||-12.(2022·四川眉山)Some wild animals need our protection,because they are in great-|||-d __ now.-|||-13.(2022·四川眉山) -COudd you please come to my office?I have s __ important to-|||-tell you.-|||--Of course.I will come soon.-|||-14.(2022·四川眉山)The telephone was i __ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.-|||-15.(2022·四川眉山) -Congratuations You have just passed the driving test.-|||--(W)_(0)W ,thank you.I am so e __ to hear the good news.-|||-16.(2022·四川眉山)You will get into a good university i __ you keep studying hard in-|||-senior high school.-|||-17.(2022·四川眉山)Amy used to read books before going to bed,but now she g used-|||-to listening to music.-|||-18.(2022 .四川眉山)My grandpa put on his glasses,but he still couldn't see the small-size-|||-words c __ in this newspaper.一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词-|||-1.(2022·四川乐山)Beijing is now the first city to hold both the Summer and the W __-|||-Olympics.-|||-2.(2022·四川乐山)Bing Dwen Dwen(冰墩墩)waves its left hand to say h __ to the-|||-world.-|||-3.(2022·四川乐山)Lucy is a small woman but she wears a l __ pair of black glasses.-|||-4.(2022·江苏苏州)The doctor's advice on keeping healthy is w taking.-|||-5.(2022 ·江苏苏州)Kate has p __ her bedroom blue because the colour brings peace to-|||-her mind and body.-|||-6.(2022·江苏苏州)You can't make much progress in study without m __ your time well.-|||-7.(2022 ·湖北随州)The Beijing Winter Olympic Games opened on 4th F __ 2022.-|||-8.(2022·湖北随州)I usually go to bed at half p __ ten.-|||-9.(2022·湖北随州)My alarm didn't go o __ so I woke up late.-|||-10.(2022 .四川眉山) -Mary ,do you know which sweater is Lily's?-|||-.-The red oneish __-|||-11.(2022·四川眉山)The young man is new here and he has few friends.So sometimes he feels-|||-1 __ -|||-12.(2022·四川眉山)Some wild animals need our protection,because they are in great-|||-d __ now.-|||-13.(2022·四川眉山) -COudd you please come to my office?I have s __ important to-|||-tell you.-|||--Of course.I will come soon.-|||-14.(2022·四川眉山)The telephone was i __ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.-|||-15.(2022·四川眉山) -Congratuations You have just passed the driving test.-|||--(W)_(0)W ,thank you.I am so e __ to hear the good news.-|||-16.(2022·四川眉山)You will get into a good university i __ you keep studying hard in-|||-senior high school.-|||-17.(2022·四川眉山)Amy used to read books before going to bed,but now she g used-|||-to listening to music.-|||-18.(2022 .四川眉山)My grandpa put on his glasses,but he still couldn't see the small-size-|||-words c __ in this newspaper.一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词-|||-1.(2022·四川乐山)Beijing is now the first city to hold both the Summer and the W __-|||-Olympics.-|||-2.(2022·四川乐山)Bing Dwen Dwen(冰墩墩)waves its left hand to say h __ to the-|||-world.-|||-3.(2022·四川乐山)Lucy is a small woman but she wears a l __ pair of black glasses.-|||-4.(2022·江苏苏州)The doctor's advice on keeping healthy is w taking.-|||-5.(2022 ·江苏苏州)Kate has p __ her bedroom blue because the colour brings peace to-|||-her mind and body.-|||-6.(2022·江苏苏州)You can't make much progress in study without m __ your time well.-|||-7.(2022 ·湖北随州)The Beijing Winter Olympic Games opened on 4th F __ 2022.-|||-8.(2022·湖北随州)I usually go to bed at half p __ ten.-|||-9.(2022·湖北随州)My alarm didn't go o __ so I woke up late.-|||-10.(2022 .四川眉山) -Mary ,do you know which sweater is Lily's?-|||-.-The red oneish __-|||-11.(2022·四川眉山)The young man is new here and he has few friends.So sometimes he feels-|||-1 __ -|||-12.(2022·四川眉山)Some wild animals need our protection,because they are in great-|||-d __ now.-|||-13.(2022·四川眉山) -COudd you please come to my office?I have s __ important to-|||-tell you.-|||--Of course.I will come soon.-|||-14.(2022·四川眉山)The telephone was i __ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.-|||-15.(2022·四川眉山) -Congratuations You have just passed the driving test.-|||--(W)_(0)W ,thank you.I am so e __ to hear the good news.-|||-16.(2022·四川眉山)You will get into a good university i __ you keep studying hard in-|||-senior high school.-|||-17.(2022·四川眉山)Amy used to read books before going to bed,but now she g used-|||-to listening to music.-|||-18.(2022 .四川眉山)My grandpa put on his glasses,but he still couldn't see the small-size-|||-words c __ in this newspaper.

Jack is the name of a game. It is quite popular with children. To play jacks, you will need a small ball and ten small metal objects (物体) called jacks. The rules for this game are quite easy. To begin with, put the ten jacks on the floor or ground in front of you. Toss the ball high, pick up one jack and then catch the ball. Keep the jack in your hand and go on to pick up the other jack one at a time. You lose your turn if you do not catch the ball, or if you do not pick up a jack, or if you drop (掉) any of the jacks from your hand. When you finish all the ten jacks, you now try to do the same thing again but with two jacks at one time. This is more difficult, of course. You lose your turn if you make any of the above three mistakes (错误) or if you do not pick up two jacks each time.小题1:To play jacks is ___________.A．difficult for boysB．interesting for childrenC．difficult for girlsD．interesting for old people小题2:The word “toss” here means __________.A．dropB．catchC．throwD．pick小题3:If you want to finish the first and second parts of the game, you have to pick up jacks __________.A．ten timesB．fifteen timesC．twenty times D．thirty times小题4:The jacks are made of _________.A．paperB．glassC．metalD．water小题5:After you pick up the first ten jacks, the game becomes more difficult because you must pick up _________ at a time.A．two jacksB．four jacksC．three jacksD．only one

() 12.A.What B.Why-|||-C.Who D.How