Intelligence makes for better leaders - from undergraduates to managers to presidents - according to multiple studies． It certainly makes sense that handling a market shift or anything alike require intelligence． But new research on leadership suggests that， at a certain point， having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting． Although previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by objective measures， some studies have suggested that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective． Decades ago， Dean Simonton， a psychologist from the University of California， Davis， proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over people's heads， their solutions could be more complicated to carry out and followers might find it harder to relate to them． Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally tested that idea， publishing their results in the July 2017 issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology． The researchers looked at 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries across fields including banking， retail and technology． The managers took IQ tests and each was rated on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers． IQ positively correlated（和……正相关） with ratings of leader effectiveness， strategy formation， vision and several other characteristics - up to a point． The ratings peaked at an IQ of around 120， which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers． Beyond that， the ratings declined． The researchers suggest the "ideal" IQ could be higher or lower in various fields， to 140 or 100， depending on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture． "It's an interesting and thoughtful paper，" says Paul Sackett， a management professor at University of Minnesota， who was not involved in the research． "To me． the right interpretation of the work would be that it highlights a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers，" he says． "The wrong interpretation would be， 'Don't hire high-IQ leaders．'" The study's lead author， John Antonakis， a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland， suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others - the way former U．S． President Barack Obama did． "I think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence properly and still connect with the people，" Antonakis says， "is to speak in charming ways．"（1）The reason why those with high IQs are viewed as worse leaders is probably that ____ ．A． followers think of their leaders to be effectiveB． their IQ has a positive correlation with leader effectivenessC． they are hard to get their schemes across to followersD． their social skills can't be recognized in some work culture（2）Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between IQ points and leadership qualities？ ____ IQ points IQ points-|||-A. 120 B. 120 - --|||-100 100-|||-Leadership qualities Leadership qualities-|||-IQ points IQ points-|||-C. 120 D. 120 --|||-100 100-|||-Leadership qualities Leadership qualities（3）To improve their leadership， high-IQ leaders can ____ ．A． interpret the work they are involved inB． use inspiring and accessible languageC． take a course in leader effectivenessD． communication more with their followers（4）What could be the best title for the passage？ ____ A． A way to success for high-IQ leadersB． The latest research on intelligenceC． Choose to be a leader of low intelligenceD． Does a high IQ advance your leadership

一、单选题（共40题，100.0分） 2.（单选题，2.5分） Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a ___ speed.A. spareB. fastC. moderateD. moral

A Mess on the Ladder of Success A) Throughout American history there has almost always been at least one central economic narrative that gave the ambitious or unsatisfied reason to pack up and seek their fortune elsewhere. For the first 300 or so years of European settlement, the story was about moving outward: getting immigrants to the continent and then to the frontier to clear the prairies(大草原), drain the wetlands and build new cities. B) By the end of the 19th century, as the frontier vanished, the US had a mild panic attack. What would this energetic, enterprising country be without new lands to conquer Some people, such as Teddy Roosevelt, decided to keep on conquering (Cuba, the Philippines, etc.), but eventually, in industrialization, the US found a new narrative of economic mobility at home. From the 1890s to the 1960s, people moved from farm to city, first in the North and then in the South. In fact, by the 1950s, there was enough prosperity and white-collar work that many began to move to the suburbs. As the population aged, there was also a shift from the cold Rust Belt to the comforts of the Sun Belt. We think of this as an old person’s migration, but it created many jobs for the young in construction and health care, not to mention tourism, retail and restaurants. C) For the last 20 years from the end of the cold war through two burst bubbles in a single decade-the US has been casting about for its next economic narrative. And now it is experiencing another period of panic, which is bad news for much of the workforce but particularly for its youngest members. D) The US has always been a remarkably mobile country, but new data from the Census Bureau indicate that mobility has reached its lowest level in recorded history. Sure, some people are stuck in homes valued at less than their mortgages(抵押贷款), but many young people-who don’t own homes and don’t yet have families-are staying put, too. This suggests, among other things, that people aren’t packing up for new economic opportunities the way they used to. Rather than dividing the country into the 1 percenters versus(与......相对) everyone else, the split in our economy is really between two other classes: the mobile and immobile. E) Part of the problem is that the country’s largest industries are in decline. In the past, it was perfectly clear where young people should go for work (Chicago in the 1870s, Detroit in the 1910s, Houston in the 1970s) and, more or less, what they’d be doing when they got there (killing cattle, building cars, selling oil). And these industries were large enough to offer jobs to each class of worker, from unskilled laborer to manager or engineer. Today, the few bright spots in our economy are relatively small (though some promise future growth) and decentralized. There are great jobs in Silicon Valley, in the biotech research capitals of Boston and Raleigh-Durham and in advanced manufacturing plants along the southern z-85 corridor. These companies recruit all over the country and the globe for workers with specific abilities. (You don’t need to be the next Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook. to get a job in one of the microhubs(微中心), by the way. But you will almost certainly need at least a B. A. in computer science or a year or two at a technical school.) This newer, select job market is national, and it offers members of the mobile class competitive salaries and higher bargaining power. F) Many members of the immobile class, on the other hand, live in the America of the gloomy headlines. If you have no specialized skills, there’s little reason to uproot to another state and be the last in line for a low-paying job at a new auto plant or a green-energy startup. The surprise in the census(普查) data, however, is that the immobile workforce is not limited to unskilled workers. In fact, many have a college degree. G) Until now, a B. A. in any subject was a near-guarantee of at least middle-class wages. But today, a quarter of college graduates make less than the typical worker without a bachelor’s degree. David Autor, a prominent labor economist at M.I.T., recently told me that a college degree alone is no longer a guarantor of a good job. While graduates from top universities are still likely to get a good job no matter what their major is, he said, graduates from less-famous schools are going to be judged on what they know. To compete for jobs on a national level, they should be armed with the skills that emerging industries need, whether technical or not. H) Those without such specialized skills-like poetry, or even history, majors-are already competing with their neighbors for the same sorts of second-rate, poorer-paying local jobs like low-level management or big-box retail sales. And with the low-skilled labor market atomized into thousands of microeconomics, immobile workers are less able to demand better wages or conditions or to acquire valuable skills. I) So what, exactly, should the ambitious young worker of today be learning Unfortunately, it’s hard to say, since the US doesn’t have one clear national project. There are plenty of emerging, smaller industries, but which ones are the most promising (Nanotechnology’s(纳米技术) moment of remarkable growth seems to have been 5 years into the future for something like 20 years now.) It’s not clear exactly what skills are most needed or if they will even be valuable in a decade. J) What is clear is that all sorts of government issues--education. health-insurance portability, worker retraining-are no longer just bonuses to already prosperous lives but existential requirements. It’s in all of our interests to make sure that as many people as possible are able to move toward opportunity, and America’s ability to invest people and money in exciting new ideas is still greater than that of most other wealthy countries. (As recently as five years ago, US migration was twice the rate of European Union states.) That, at least, is some comfort at a time when our national economy seems to be searching for its next story line.When the frontier vanished about a century ago, America found new economic mobility in industrialization.

Mr. Wang ____ basketball every day.A. playedB. playsC. playD. has played

What does previous research about social media reveal?A. Most employees think positively of it.B. It improves employees’ work efficiency.C. It enables employees to form connections.D. Employees spend much of their work time on it.

D A pretty face is never forgotten. Do you believe so? But maybe it is untrue! Psychologists believe beautiful people are less likely to be recognized. A new study suggests that attractiveness can actually prevent the recognition of faces, unless a pretty face has particularly distinctive features, such as Angelina Jolie's. German psychologists think the recognition of pretty faces is distorted (扭曲) by emotions. Researchers Holger Wiese, Carolin Altmann and Stefan Schweinberger at the University of Jena, Germany, discovered in a study that photos of unattractive people were more easily remembered than pretty ones when they showed them to a group of people. For the study, which was published in science magazine Neuropsychologia, the psychologists showed photos of faces to test subjects. Half of the faces were considered to be more attractive and the other half as less attractive, but all of them were being thought of as similarly distinctive looking. The test subjects were shown the faces for just a few seconds to memorize them and were shown them again during the test so that they could decide if they recognized them or not. The researchers were surprised by the result. "Until now we assumed that it was generally easier to memorize faces which are being considered as attractive, just because we prefer looking at beautiful faces," Dr. Wiese said. But the study showed that such a connection cannot be easily proven. He assumes that remembering pretty faces is distorted by emotional influences, which enhance the sense of recognition at a later time. The researchers' idea is backed up by evidence from EEG-recordings (脑电图记录) they used during their experiment which show the brains' electric activity. The study also revealed that in the case of attractive faces, considerably more false positive results were detected. In other words, people thought they recognized a face without having seen it before. "We obviously tend to believe that we recognize a face just because we find it attractive." Dr. Wiese said.1. What do we know about the photos from Paragraph 3?A: They were all of pretty faces.B: They were selected at random.C: They were not distinctive at all.D: They were showed twice to the test subjects.2. What does the underlined phrase "false positive results" in the last paragraph mean?A: People actually only recognize few pretty faces.B: People recognize more ugly faces than pretty ones.C: People claim to recognize a face they have never seen.D: People recognize fewer faces than they have thought.3. What can be inferred from the new study? A: People are reluctant to recognize ugly faces.B: Beautiful people are particularly distinctive.C: Attractiveness prevents the recognition of faces.D: Attractive faces are always easy to be recognized.4. Which word can show the author's attitude towards the findings of the research?A: Doubtful.B: Disapproving.C: Favorable.D: Objective.

I don’t know much about Chinese traditional culture ______ I was born in China.A. untilB. becauseC. butD. although

A Nativist Argument for Immigration I have a plan that will raise wages, lower prices, increase the nation’s stock of scientists and engineers, and maybe even create the next Google. Better yet, this plan won’t cost the government a dime. In fact, it will save a lot of money. But few politicians are going to want to touch it. Here’s the plan. more immigration. A pathway to legal status for undocumented immigrants. And a recognition that immigration policy is economic policy, and needs to be thought of as such. See what I meant about politicians not liking it Economists will tell you that immigrants raise wages for the average native-born worker. They’ll tell you that they make things cheaper for us to buy here, and that if we didn’t have immigrants for some of these jobs, the jobs would move to other countries. They’ll tell you that we should allow for much more highly skilled immigration, because that’s about as close to a free lunch as you’re likely to find. They’ll tell you that the people who should most want a path to legal status for undocumented immigrants are the low-income workers who are most opposed to such plans. And about all this, the economists are right. There are also noneconomic considerations, of course. Integrating cultures and nationalities is difficult. Undocumented immigrants raise issues of law and fairness. Border security is important. Those questions are important. They’re just not the subject of this column. The mistake we make when thinking about the effect immigrants have on our wages, says Giovanni Peri, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who has studied the issue extensively, is we imagine an economy in which the number of jobs is fixed. Then, if one immigrant comes in, he takes one of those jobs or forces a worker to accept a lower wage. But that’s not how our economy works. With more labor―particularly more labor of different kinds―the economy grows larger. It produces more stuff. There are more workers buying things, and that increases the total number of jobs. We understand perfectly well that Europe is in trouble because its low birthrates mean fewer workers, and that means less economic growth. We ourselves worry that we’re not graduating enough scientists and engineers. But the economy doesn’t care if it gets workers through birthrates or green cards. In fact, there’s a sense in which green cards are superior. Economists separate new workers into two categories: those who "substitute" for existing labor (we’re both construction workers, and the boss can easily trade you out for me) and those who "complement" existing labor (you’re a construction engineer and I’m a construction worker). Immigrants, more than U. S.-born workers, tend to be in the second category, as the jobs you want to give to someone who doesn’t speak English very well and doesn’t have many skills are different from the jobs you give to people who are fluent and have more skills. That means firms can expand more rapidly because they have more labor of different types, and that native workers can do jobs where they’re more productive. If you have lots of immigrant laborers willing to build things, a firm can build more things (and build them in America), and has more need for native workers who can supervise the production and do the technical work. The effect of all this―which has been demonstrated in multiple studies―is that immigrants raise wages for the average American. But that’s only half of their benefit. "Living standards are a function of two things," says Michael Greenstone, director of the Hamilton Project, which is hosting a Washington conference on the economics of immigration next week. "They’re a function of our wages and the prices of the goods we purchase." And immigrants reduce the prices of those goods. Patricia Cortes, an economist at the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business, found that immigrants lowered the prices in "immigrant-intensive industries" like housekeeping and gardening by about 10 percent. So our wages go up and the prices of the things we want to buy go down. We should remember, though, that the average worker isn’t every worker. A study by Harvard economists George Borjas and Lawrence Katz found that although immigrants raised native wages overall, they slightly hurt the 8 percent of workers without a high-school education and those with a college education. A subsequent study by Peri looked harder at the ways immigrant labor differed from native labor and found that all groups of workers saw a benefit from immigrants―though unskilled workers saw less of a benefit than highly skilled workers. And unskilled workers face even tougher competition from undocumented immigrants who, because their status is so fragile, will accept pay beneath the minimum wage. And they are unlikely to complain about safety regulations or work conditions. That takes unskilled immigrants from being a bit cheaper than unskilled natives and makes them a lot cheaper―which makes employers likelier to hire them for jobs that native workers could do better. This suggests, first, that American workers would be better off if we figured out a way to take the 12 million undocumented immigrants and give them legal status, and second, that we might want to give them more direct help if we’re going to increase immigration. Both are possible―just politically difficult. What shouldn’t be politically difficult is forming a consensus around increasing the number of highly skilled immigrants. Due to a 1965 law, our immigration system is based on family unification. More than 65 percent of visas are for purposes of bringing family members to the United States. Only 15 percent are for economic reasons. As Darrell West of the Brookings Institution writes in his book Brain Gain, this means that immigrant families, rather than current policymakers, decide who enters the country. There are other benefits to higher immigration, too. Contrary to popular belief, immigrants tend to pay more money to the government than they get back from it, as they pay lots of taxes but often collect fewer benefits. They’re young, which helps us keep our entitlements afloat as the boomers retire. And then, of course, there are the benefits to the immigrants themselves and to their families back home. But I’ve probably scared the politicians enough for one day.What did the study by Harvard economists George Borjas and Lawrence Katz find concerning immigrants A. They raised all native workers’ average wages.B. They need a college education to raise their wages.C. They raised wages of 8 percent of native workers.D. They slightly lowered wages of some workers.

Your book is overdue again; you _____ it last week.A. should have renewedB. need have renewedC. would have renewedD. could have renewed

A)Ir.r.n.bil.t.br>y.to.im.le.en. th.ir bus.nes. p.ans.B)Inability to kee. turning.out novel prod.cts.C)Lack of.a successful business model of their ow..D)Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. A)It is the secret to business success.B)It is the creation of something new.C)It is a magic tool to bring big rewards.D)It is an essential part of business culture.7. A)Its hardworking employees.B)Its flexible promotion strategy.C)Its innovation culture.D)Its willingness to make investments.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throug. the centre.Questions 8 to 1. are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)He's got addicted to technology.B)He is not very good at socializing.C)He is crazy about text-messaging.D)He does not talk long on the phone.9. A)Talk big. B)Talk at length.C)Gossip a lot.D)Forget herself.10. A)He thought it was cool.B)He needed the practice.C)He wanted to stay connected with them.D)He had an urgent message to send.11. A)It poses a challenge to seniors.B)It saves both time and money.C)It is childish and unprofessional.D)It is cool and convenient.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A)He wants to change his job assignment.B)He is unhappy with his department manager.C)He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime.D)He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.13. A)His workload was much too heavy.B)His immediate boss did not trust him.C)His colleagues often refused to cooperate.D)His salary was too low for his responsibility.14. A)He never knows how to refuse.B)He is always ready to help others.C)His boss has a lot of trust in him.D)His boss has no sense of fairness.15. A)Put all his complaints in writing.B)Wait and see what happens next.C)Learn to say no when necessary.D)Talk to his boss in person first.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)The importance of sleep to a healthy life.B)Reasons for Americans' decline in sleep.C)Some tips to improve the quality of sleep.D)Diseases associated with lack of sleep.17. A)They are more health-conscious.B)They are changing their living habits.C)They get less and less sleep.D)They know the dangers of lack of sleep.18. A)Their weight will go down.B)Their mind function will deteriorate.C)Their work efficiency will decrease.D)Their blood pressure will rise.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A)How much you can afford to pay.B)What course you are going to choose.C)Which university you are going to apply to.D)When you are going to submit your application.20. A)The list of courses studied.B)The full record of scores.C)The references from teachers.D)The personal statement.21. A)Specify what they would like to do after graduation.B)Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying.C)Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.D)Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A)It was equipped with rubber tyres.B)It was built in the late 19th century.C)It was purchased by the Royal family.D)It was designed by an English engineer.23. A)They consumed lots of petrol.B)They took two passengers only.C)They were difficult to drive.D)They often broke down.24. A)They were produced on the assembly line.B)They were built with less costly materials.C)They were modeled after British cars.D)They were made for ordinary use.25. A)It made news all over the world.B)It was built for the Royal family.C)It marked a new era in motor travel.D)It attracted large numbers of motorists.PartReading ComprehensionSection ADire.tions:In this section, ther. is a passage with te. blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Physical activity does the body g.od, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own,________to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a________of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic________, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school,________in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data wil. certainly fue. the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to________on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from stud. time. With standardized test scores in the U.S.________in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these finding. show, exercise and academics may not be________exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood________to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are________to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve________and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.Section BDirections:In this section, you ar. going t. read a passage with te. statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your.elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment fewparents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything madeclear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industrysimply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that anout-modedstereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one's homew.rk really steer families to thebest places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am abo.t to make things more complicated by suggestin. that what kind of facility an olderperson lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adultchildren look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make adifference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care,let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and apoor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctionsbetween one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D] The mos. recent of these studies, published inThe journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential carehomes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchersfrom the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number ofquestions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well asabout the quality of the facilities.[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of thestudy. Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonableassumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if theycan't?[F] In.the initial results, assiste. living residents did paint the most positive picture. They wereless likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance,and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G] But.when the researcher. plugged.in a number of other variables. such differences disappeared.It is not the housing type, they found. that creates differences in residents' responses. “It isthe characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personalcharacteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robisonexplained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they hadlived there also proved significant.[H] An e.derl. person who describe. herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no les. depressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. Aperson who had input into wher. he would move and has had time to adapt to it might d. aswell in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is aninteraction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to betteror worse experiences. “You can't just say, 'Let's put this person in a residential care homeinstead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,'” Dr. Robison said. What matters,she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”