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As Artificial Intelligence（AI） becomes increasingly sophisticated（复杂的）， there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat． This danger can be avoided， according to computer science professor Stuart Russell， if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code． Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks， it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language． For example， if a robot does chores around the house， you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children． "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values， " said Russell． Some robots are already programmed with basic human values． For example， mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans． Obviously there are cultural differences， but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space， you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do． It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines， if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules． Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior． They are dangerous only if programmers are careless． The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficiently test and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）． One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation． If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave， it has the opportunity to stop， send out beeps（嘟嘟声）， and ask for directions from a human． If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision， we go and ask somebody else． The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral， and how to create a set of ethical（道德的） rules． But if we come up with an answer， robots could be good for humanity．（1）What does the author say about the threat of robots？ ____ A．It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers．B．It accompanies all machinery involving high technology．C．It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language．D．It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated．（2）What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author？ ____ A．They are aggressive．B．They are outgoing．C．They are ignorant（无知的）．D．They are ill-bred．（3）How do robots learn human values？ ____ A．By interacting with humans in everyday life situations．B．By following the daily routines of civilized human beings．C．By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior．D．By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings．（4）What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？ ____ A．Determine what is moral and ethical．B．Design some large-scale experiments．C．Set rules for man-machine interaction．D．Develop a more sophisticated program．

There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.______vastness of the Grand Canyon, it is difficult to capture it in a single photograph.A. While theB. TheC. For theD. Because of the

CET62018061LC1(1) (单选题)1.A.It is a typical salad.B.It is a Spanish soup.C.It is a weird vegetable.D.It is a kind of spicy food.(2) (单选题)2.A.To make it thicker.B.To make it more nutritious.C.To add to its appeal.D.To replace an ingredient.(3) (单选题)3.A.It contains very little fat.B.It uses olive oil in cooking.C.It uses no artificial additives.D.It is mainly made of vegetables.(4) (单选题)4.A.It does not go stale for two years.B.It takes no special skill to prepare.C.It comes from a special kind of pig.D.It is a delicacy blended with bread.

Passage Two"One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger," says Lindson·Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.In her study, participants were randomly（随机地）assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine（尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. "If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ' Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'" says Lindson·Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings（痛）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. "Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective," says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. "When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it," Ferreira says.People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.What does Lindson·Hawley say about her mother?A.She quit smoking with her daughter's help.B.She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.C.She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.D.She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson·Hawley's study?A.They were given physical training.B.They were looked after by physicians.C.They were encouraged by psychologists.D.They were offered nicotine replacements.How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson·Hawley's experiment?A.It is idealized.B.It is unexpected.C.It is encouraging.D.It is misleading.The idea of "a marathon" （Line 2, Para.5． illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking .A.is something few can accomplishB.needs some practice firstC.requires a lot of patienceD.is a challenge at the beginningWhat happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?A.They find it even more difficult.B.They are simply unable to make it.C.They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.D.They feel much less pain in the process.

Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.After earning a bachelor's degree, I was determined to do what I love. I headed straight to graduate school to investigate the social problems that fascinated me.For almost a decade, I told everyone I encountered that they should do the same. "Follow your passion," I counseled. "You can figure out the employment stuff later."It wasn't until I began to research this widely accepted career advice that I understood how problematic it really was.As a sociologist, I interviewed college students and professional workers to learn what it really meant to pursue their dreams, which I will refer to here as the passion principle. I was stunned by what I found out about this principle in the research for my new book.Surveys show the American public has long held the passion principle in high regard as a career decision-making priority. And its popularity is even stronger among those facing job instability.Advocates of the passion principle found it compelling because they believed that following one's passion can provide workers with both the motivation necessary to work hard and a place to find fulfillment.Yet, what I found is that following one's passion does not necessarily lead to fulfillment, but is one of the most powerful cultural forces perpetuating overwork. I also found that promoting the pursuit of one's passion helps perpetuate social inequalities due to the fact that not everyone has the same economic resources to allow them to pursue their passion with ease.While the passion principle is broadly popular, not everyone has the necessary resources to turn their passion into a stable, good-paying job. Passion-seekers from wealthy families are better able to wait until a job they are passionate about comes along without worrying about student loans in the meantime. They are also better situated to take unpaid internships to get their foot in the door while their parents pay their rent. And they often have access to parents' social networks to help them find jobs. Surveys revealed that working-class and first-generation college graduates, regardless of their career field, are more likely than their wealthier peers to end up in low-paying unskilled jobs when they pursue their passion.Colleges, workplaces and career counselors who promote the "follow your passion" path for everyone, without leveling the playing field, help perpetuate socioeconomic inequalities among career aspirants.It's not just well-off passion-seekers who benefit from the passion principle. Employers of passionate workers do, too. Potential employers showed greater interest in passionate applicants in part because they believed the applicants would work hard at their jobs without expecting an increase in pay. They even sacrifice a good salary, job stability and leisure time to work in a job they love.51. What did the author advise people to do for almost a decade?A) Figure out what is the most fascinating job.B) Follow widely accepted career counsel.C) Pursue their careers with passion.D) Do whatever they are zealous for.52. How did the author feel about the passion principle through his research?A) He was astonished by its consequences.B) He was further convinced of its soundness.C) He was actually right to follow it through.D) He was struck by its broad popularity.53. What is important to turning one's passion into a stable, good-paying job?A) Willingness to take unpaid internships and low-paying jobs.B) Full academic preparedness and sound career counseling.C) Hard work and sacrifice of leisure time.D) Financial backing and social connections.54. What happens when everyone is encouraged to follow their passion?A) Many more career aspirants end up unemployed.B) People are less concerned with socioeconomic inequality.C) Socioeconomic inequality is likely to persist.D) Career counselors are going to lose credibility.

阅读理解 　　America is a country on the move．In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health．According to the latest figures, 59 per cent of American adults exercise regularly－up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago．Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active． 　　It is hard not to get the message．The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads of everything from beauty soaps to travel books．Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises．Growing publicity(宣传)for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running．Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding－and sometimes safer－forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of exercise． 　　As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits．The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously(强有力地)enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time．Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months． (1) It can be learnt from the passage that the health benefits of exercise ________． [　　] A． are to be further studied B． are self-evident C． are yet to be proved D． are supported by scientific evidence (2) A growing interest in sports developed after ________． [　　] A． an increasing number of races were held in American cities B． research showed their health benefits C． scientific evidence of health benefits was shown on TV ads D． people got the message from magazine covers and postage stamps (3) Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? [　　] A． Exercise－The Road to Health． B． Scientific Evidence of Health Benefits C． Different Forms of Exercise D． Running－A Popular Form of Sport

Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on a campus event that has impressed them most. You are now to write an essay for submission. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least underline(120 words) but no more than underline(180 words).

There should be no war nowadays between ________ nations.A. civilize B. civilization C. civilized D. civilizing