题目
下列表达式不是全微分的是().A. (x^2 + y^2)dx + xydyB. (x^2 - y)dx - xdyC. (x - y)(dx - dy)D. xdy + ydx
下列表达式不是全微分的是().
A. $(x^2 + y^2)dx + xydy$
B. $(x^2 - y)dx - xdy$
C. $(x - y)(dx - dy)$
D. $xdy + ydx$
题目解答
答案
A. $(x^2 + y^2)dx + xydy$
解析
步骤 1:确定全微分条件
全微分条件为 $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,其中 $Pdx + Qdy$ 是给定的微分表达式。
步骤 2:分析选项A
- $P = x^2 + y^2$,$Q = xy$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = 2y$,$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = y$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} \neq \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,不满足全微分条件。
步骤 3:分析选项B
- $P = x^2 - y$,$Q = -x$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = -1$,$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = -1$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,满足全微分条件。
步骤 4:分析选项C
- $(x - y)(dx - dy)$ 展开为 $xdx - ydx - xdy + ydy$
- 可写成 $Pdx + Qdy$ 的形式,其中 $P = x - y$,$Q = -x + y$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = -1$,$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = -1$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,满足全微分条件。
步骤 5:分析选项D
- $P = y$,$Q = x$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = 1$,$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = 1$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,满足全微分条件。
全微分条件为 $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,其中 $Pdx + Qdy$ 是给定的微分表达式。
步骤 2:分析选项A
- $P = x^2 + y^2$,$Q = xy$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = 2y$,$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = y$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} \neq \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,不满足全微分条件。
步骤 3:分析选项B
- $P = x^2 - y$,$Q = -x$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = -1$,$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = -1$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,满足全微分条件。
步骤 4:分析选项C
- $(x - y)(dx - dy)$ 展开为 $xdx - ydx - xdy + ydy$
- 可写成 $Pdx + Qdy$ 的形式,其中 $P = x - y$,$Q = -x + y$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = -1$,$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = -1$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,满足全微分条件。
步骤 5:分析选项D
- $P = y$,$Q = x$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = 1$,$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = 1$
- $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$,满足全微分条件。