设 z = e^u sin v,而 u = xy,v = x + y,求 (partial z)/(partial x) 和 (partial z)/(partial y) = ( ).A. (partial z)/(partial x) = e^xy [ y sin(x + y) + cos(x + y) ], (partial z)/(partial y) = e^xy [ x sin(x + y) + cos(x + y) ]B. (partial z)/(partial x) = e^xy [ x sin(x + y) + cos(x + y) ], (partial z)/(partial y) = e^xy [ y sin(x + y) + cos(x + y) ]
设 $z = e^u \sin v$,而 $u = xy$,$v = x + y$,求 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$ 和 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = (\quad)$.
A. $\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = e^{xy} \left[ y \sin(x + y) + \cos(x + y) \right]$, $\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = e^{xy} \left[ x \sin(x + y) + \cos(x + y) \right]$
B. $\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = e^{xy} \left[ x \sin(x + y) + \cos(x + y) \right]$, $\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = e^{xy} \left[ y \sin(x + y) + \cos(x + y) \right]$
题目解答
答案
这是一道关于多元复合函数求偏导数的题目。我们需要利用链式法则来计算 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$ 和 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$。
已知条件:
- $z = e^u \sin v$
- $u = xy$
- $v = x + y$
推理过程:
1. 计算 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$
根据多元复合函数的链式求导法则,$z$ 对 $x$ 的偏导数可以表示为:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial z}{\partial u} \cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} + \frac{\partial z}{\partial v} \cdot \frac{\partial v}{\partial x}$
首先,我们分别计算所需的各个偏导数:
- $z$ 对 $u$ 的偏导数:$\frac{\partial z}{\partial u} = \frac{\partial}{\partial u}(e^u \sin v) = e^u \sin v$
- $u$ 对 $x$ 的偏导数:$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(xy) = y$
- $z$ 对 $v$ 的偏导数:$\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} = \frac{\partial}{\partial v}(e^u \sin v) = e^u \cos v$
- $v$ 对 $x$ 的偏导数:$\frac{\partial v}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x + y) = 1$
将这些结果代入链式法则公式中:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = (e^u \sin v) \cdot y + (e^u \cos v) \cdot 1 = y e^u \sin v + e^u \cos v$
最后,将 $u = xy$ 和 $v = x + y$ 代回上式:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = y e^{xy} \sin(x + y) + e^{xy} \cos(x + y)$
提取公因式 $e^{xy}$:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = e^{xy} [y \sin(x + y) + \cos(x + y)]$
2. 计算 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$
同样地,根据链式法则,$z$ 对 $y$ 的偏导数为:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial z}{\partial u} \cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} + \frac{\partial z}{\partial v} \cdot \frac{\partial v}{\partial y}$
计算所需的偏导数:
- $\frac{\partial z}{\partial u} = e^u \sin v$ (同上)
- $u$ 对 $y$ 的偏导数:$\frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(xy) = x$
- $\frac{\partial z}{\partial v} = e^u \cos v$ (同上)
- $v$ 对 $y$ 的偏导数:$\frac{\partial v}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(x + y) = 1$
代入链式法则公式中:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = (e^u \sin v) \cdot x + (e^u \cos v) \cdot 1 = x e^u \sin v + e^u \cos v$
将 $u = xy$ 和 $v = x + y$ 代回:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = x e^{xy} \sin(x + y) + e^{xy} \cos(x + y)$
提取公因式 $e^{xy}$:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = e^{xy} [x \sin(x + y) + \cos(x + y)]$
结论:
经过计算,我们得到:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = e^{xy} [y \sin(x + y) + \cos(x + y)]$
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = e^{xy} [x \sin(x + y) + \cos(x + y)]$
对比题目给出的选项,选项 A 的结果与我们计算的结果完全一致。
因此,正确答案是 A。