题目
计算二重积分 int_(0)^1 dx int_(x^2)^1 (xy)/(sqrt(1+y^3)) dy = ( ). A. (1)/(3) sqrt(2)B. (1)/(2) sqrt(2)C. (1)/(2) (sqrt(2) - 1)D. (1)/(3) (sqrt(2) - 1)
计算二重积分
$\int_{0}^{1} dx \int_{x^2}^{1} \frac{xy}{\sqrt{1+y^3}} dy = (\quad)$.
- A. $\frac{1}{3} \sqrt{2}$
- B. $\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{2}$
- C. $\frac{1}{2} (\sqrt{2} - 1)$
- D. $\frac{1}{3} (\sqrt{2} - 1)$
题目解答
答案
为了计算二重积分 $\int_{0}^{1}dx\int_{x^{2}}^{1}\frac{xy}{\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}dy$,我们可以首先改变积分的顺序。原积分的积分区域是 $0 \leq x \leq 1$ 且 $x^2 \leq y \leq 1$。我们可以将这个区域重写为 $0 \leq y \leq 1$ 且 $0 \leq x \leq \sqrt{y}$。因此,原积分可以重写为:
\[
\int_{0}^{1}dx\int_{x^{2}}^{1}\frac{xy}{\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}dy = \int_{0}^{1}dy\int_{0}^{\sqrt{y}}\frac{xy}{\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}dx
\]
现在,我们先对 $x$ 积分。积分 $\int_{0}^{\sqrt{y}}\frac{xy}{\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}dx$ 中,$\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}$ 是常数,可以提到积分号外面:
\[
\int_{0}^{\sqrt{y}}\frac{xy}{\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}dx = \frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}\int_{0}^{\sqrt{y}}xdx
\]
积分 $\int_{0}^{\sqrt{y}}xdx$ 是一个简单的定积分:
\[
\int_{0}^{\sqrt{y}}xdx = \left[\frac{x^2}{2}\right]_{0}^{\sqrt{y}} = \frac{(\sqrt{y})^2}{2} - \frac{0^2}{2} = \frac{y}{2}
\]
将这个结果代回上式,我们得到:
\[
\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}\int_{0}^{\sqrt{y}}xdx = \frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^{3}}} \cdot \frac{y}{2} = \frac{y^2}{2\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}
\]
现在,我们需要对 $y$ 积分:
\[
\int_{0}^{1}\frac{y^2}{2\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}dy
\]
为了计算这个积分,我们使用换元法。令 $u = 1 + y^3$,则 $du = 3y^2dy$,即 $y^2dy = \frac{1}{3}du$。当 $y = 0$ 时,$u = 1$;当 $y = 1$ 时,$u = 2$。因此,积分变为:
\[
\int_{0}^{1}\frac{y^2}{2\sqrt{1+y^{3}}}dy = \int_{1}^{2}\frac{1}{2\sqrt{u}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}du = \frac{1}{6}\int_{1}^{2}\frac{1}{\sqrt{u}}du
\]
积分 $\int_{1}^{2}\frac{1}{\sqrt{u}}du$ 是一个简单的定积分:
\[
\int_{1}^{2}\frac{1}{\sqrt{u}}du = \int_{1}^{2}u^{-\frac{1}{2}}du = \left[2u^{\frac{1}{2}}\right]_{1}^{2} = 2\sqrt{2} - 2\sqrt{1} = 2\sqrt{2} - 2
\]
将这个结果代回上式,我们得到:
\[
\frac{1}{6}\int_{1}^{2}\frac{1}{\sqrt{u}}du = \frac{1}{6}(2\sqrt{2} - 2) = \frac{1}{3}(\sqrt{2} - 1)
\]
因此,原二重积分的值是:
\[
\boxed{D}
\]