题目
143.设由方程F(x,y,z)=0所确定的函数关系中,已知(partial F)/(partial x)=ye^z-e^y,(partial F)/(partial y)=e^y-e^z,(partial z)/(partial x)=(e^y-z-y)/(e^x-z)-y,则(partial y)/(partial z)=() (A.)(ye^z-e^x)/(e^y)-e^(z). (B.)(e^x-ye^z)/(e^y)-e^(z). (C.)(e^y-e^z)/(ye^z)-e^(x). (D.)(e^z-e^y)/(ye^z)-e^(x).
143.设由方程F(x,y,z)=0所确定的函数关系中,已知$\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}=ye^{z}-e^{y}$,$\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}=e^{y}-e^{z}$,$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{e^{y-z}-y}{e^{x-z}-y}$,则$\frac{\partial y}{\partial z}=$() (
A.)$\frac{ye^{z}-e^{x}}{e^{y}-e^{z}}.$ (
B.)$\frac{e^{x}-ye^{z}}{e^{y}-e^{z}}.$ (
C.)$\frac{e^{y}-e^{z}}{ye^{z}-e^{x}}.$ (
D.)$\frac{e^{z}-e^{y}}{ye^{z}-e^{x}}.$
A.)$\frac{ye^{z}-e^{x}}{e^{y}-e^{z}}.$ (
B.)$\frac{e^{x}-ye^{z}}{e^{y}-e^{z}}.$ (
C.)$\frac{e^{y}-e^{z}}{ye^{z}-e^{x}}.$ (
D.)$\frac{e^{z}-e^{y}}{ye^{z}-e^{x}}.$
题目解答
答案
由方程 $F(x, y, z) = 0$,已知:
\[
\frac{\partial F}{\partial x} = ye^z - e^y, \quad \frac{\partial F}{\partial y} = e^y - e^z, \quad \frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = \frac{e^{y-z} - y}{e^{x-z} - y}.
\]
利用隐函数求导法则:
\[
\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = -\frac{\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}}{\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}} \implies \frac{e^{y-z} - y}{e^{x-z} - y} = -\frac{ye^z - e^y}{\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}}.
\]
化简得:
\[
\frac{\partial F}{\partial z} = e^x - ye^z.
\]
再由:
\[
\frac{\partial y}{\partial z} = -\frac{\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}}{\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}} = -\frac{e^x - ye^z}{e^y - e^z} = \frac{ye^z - e^x}{e^y - e^z}.
\]
答案:$\boxed{A}$
解析
考查要点:本题主要考查隐函数求导法则的应用,涉及多元函数偏导数的计算,需要熟练掌握隐函数定理中偏导数的表达式及其相互关系。
解题核心思路:
- 利用已知的偏导数关系,通过隐函数定理建立方程,求出未知的$\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}$。
- 代入隐函数求导公式,结合已知的$\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}$,最终计算$\frac{\partial y}{\partial z}$。
破题关键点:
- 隐函数定理的应用:明确偏导数的符号与变量间的依赖关系。
- 代数化简能力:通过已知的$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$反推出$\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}$,需注意指数项的变形技巧。
步骤1:求$\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}$
根据隐函数定理,当$z$是$x$的函数时:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = -\frac{\frac{\partial F}{\partial x}}{\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}}$
代入已知条件:
$\frac{e^{y-z} - y}{e^{x-z} - y} = -\frac{ye^z - e^y}{\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}}$
解得:
$\frac{\partial F}{\partial z} = e^x - ye^z$
步骤2:求$\frac{\partial y}{\partial z}$
当$y$是$z$的函数时,隐函数定理给出:
$\frac{\partial y}{\partial z} = -\frac{\frac{\partial F}{\partial z}}{\frac{\partial F}{\partial y}}$
代入已知$\frac{\partial F}{\partial y} = e^y - e^z$和$\frac{\partial F}{\partial z} = e^x - ye^z$:
$\frac{\partial y}{\partial z} = -\frac{e^x - ye^z}{e^y - e^z} = \frac{ye^z - e^x}{e^y - e^z}$