题目
5.已知f(x)二阶可导,且f(x)≠0,varphi(x)=lim_(tto0)((f(x+t))/(f(x)))^(1)/(sin t),则varphi^prime(x)=___
5.已知f(x)二阶可导,且f(x)≠0,$\varphi(x)=\lim_{t\to0}\left(\frac{f(x+t)}{f(x)}\right)^{\frac{1}{\sin t}}$,则$\varphi^{\prime}(x)=___$
题目解答
答案
设函数 $\varphi(x) = \lim_{t \to 0} \left( \frac{f(x+t)}{f(x)} \right)^{\frac{1}{\sin t}}$,其中 $f(x)$ 二阶可导且 $f(x) \neq 0$。求 $\varphi'(x)$。
核心步骤:
-
取对数化简极限
令 $y = \left( \frac{f(x+t)}{f(x)} \right)^{\frac{1}{\sin t}}$,则
$\ln y = \frac{\ln f(x+t) - \ln f(x)}{\sin t}.$
利用等价无穷小 $\sin t \sim t$(当 $t \to 0$),得
$\lim_{t \to 0} \ln y = \lim_{t \to 0} \frac{\ln f(x+t) - \ln f(x)}{t} = \frac{f'(x)}{f(x)}.$ -
还原原函数表达式
由上式得
$\varphi(x) = e^{\frac{f'(x)}{f(x)}}.$ -
对 $\varphi(x)$ 求导
使用链式法则和商法则:
$\varphi'(x) = e^{\frac{f'(x)}{f(x)}} \cdot \left( \frac{f'(x)}{f(x)} \right)' = e^{\frac{f'(x)}{f(x)}} \cdot \frac{f''(x)f(x) - [f'(x)]^2}{[f(x)]^2}.$