9.(填空题)已知M_(1)(1,-1,2),M_(2)(3,3,1)和M_(3)(3,1,3),则与向量M_(1)M_(2),M_(2)M_(3)同时垂直的单位向量为____.(5.0)我的答案:(1)(6/7sqrt(2),-4/7sqrt(2),-4/7sqrt(2))
题目解答
答案
设向量 $\vec{a} = M_1M_2 = (3-1, 3-(-1), 1-2) = (2, 4, -1)$,
向量 $\vec{b} = M_2M_3 = (3-3, 1-3, 3-1) = (0, -2, 2)$。
与 $\vec{a}$ 和 $\vec{b}$ 同时垂直的向量可由叉积 $\vec{a} \times \vec{b}$ 得到:
$\vec{a} \times \vec{b} = \begin{vmatrix} \mathbf{i} & \mathbf{j} & \mathbf{k} \\ 2 & 4 & -1 \\ 0 & -2 & 2 \end{vmatrix} = (4 \cdot 2 - (-1) \cdot (-2))\mathbf{i} - (2 \cdot 2 - (-1) \cdot 0)\mathbf{j} + (2 \cdot (-2) - 4 \cdot 0)\mathbf{k} = (8 - 2)\mathbf{i} - (4)\mathbf{j} + (-4)\mathbf{k} = 6\mathbf{i} - 4\mathbf{j} - 4\mathbf{k}.$
其模长为:
$|\vec{a} \times \vec{b}| = \sqrt{6^2 + (-4)^2 + (-4)^2} = \sqrt{36 + 16 + 16} = \sqrt{68} = 2\sqrt{17}.$
单位向量为:
$\pm \frac{\vec{a} \times \vec{b}}{|\vec{a} \times \vec{b}|} = \pm \frac{1}{2\sqrt{17}}(6, -4, -4) = \pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}(3, -2, -2).$
或表示为:
$\pm \left( \frac{3}{\sqrt{17}}, \frac{-2}{\sqrt{17}}, \frac{-2}{\sqrt{17}} \right).$
答案:
$\boxed{\pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}(3, -2, -2)}$(或$\boxed{\pm \left( \frac{3}{\sqrt{17}}, \frac{-2}{\sqrt{17}}, \frac{-2}{\sqrt{17}} \right)}$)。