题目
下面曲线积分中与路径无关的是(). A. int_(L) sin xy , dx + sin xy , dyB. int_(L) (y^3 + 2x^2 y), dx + (x^3 + 2xy^2), dyC. int_(L) cos xy , dx + cos xy , dyD. int_(L) (x^3 + 2xy^2), dx + (y^3 + 2x^2 y), dy
下面曲线积分中与路径无关的是().
- A. $\int_{L} \sin xy \, dx + \sin xy \, dy$
- B. $\int_{L} (y^3 + 2x^2 y)\, dx + (x^3 + 2xy^2)\, dy$
- C. $\int_{L} \cos xy \, dx + \cos xy \, dy$
- D. $\int_{L} (x^3 + 2xy^2)\, dx + (y^3 + 2x^2 y)\, dy$
题目解答
答案
要确定哪个曲线积分与路径无关,我们需要检查向量场是否保守。一个向量场 $\mathbf{F} = P(x, y) \mathbf{i} + Q(x, y) \mathbf{j}$ 是保守的,如果它的旋度为零,即 $\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$。
让我们分析每个选项:
**选项 A: $\int_{L} \sin xy \, dx + \sin xy \, dy$**
这里,$P(x, y) = \sin xy$ 和 $Q(x, y) = \sin xy$。我们计算偏导数:
\[
\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} (\sin xy) = y \cos xy
\]
\[
\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y} (\sin xy) = x \cos xy
\]
由于 $\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} \neq \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$,向量场不是保守的,积分与路径有关。
**选项 B: $\int_{L} (y^3 + 2x^2 y) \, dx + (x^3 + 2xy^2) \, dy$**
这里,$P(x, y) = y^3 + 2x^2 y$ 和 $Q(x, y) = x^3 + 2xy^2$。我们计算偏导数:
\[
\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} (x^3 + 2xy^2) = 3x^2 + 2y^2
\]
\[
\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y} (y^3 + 2x^2 y) = 3y^2 + 2x^2
\]
由于 $\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} \neq \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$,向量场不是保守的,积分与路径有关。
**选项 C: $\int_{L} \cos xy \, dx + \cos xy \, dy$**
这里,$P(x, y) = \cos xy$ 和 $Q(x, y) = \cos xy$。我们计算偏导数:
\[
\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} (\cos xy) = -y \sin xy
\]
\[
\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y} (\cos xy) = -x \sin xy
\]
由于 $\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} \neq \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$,向量场不是保守的,积分与路径有关。
**选项 D: $\int_{L} (x^3 + 2xy^2) \, dx + (y^3 + 2x^2 y) \, dy$**
这里,$P(x, y) = x^3 + 2xy^2$ 和 $Q(x, y) = y^3 + 2x^2 y$。我们计算偏导数:
\[
\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x} (y^3 + 2x^2 y) = 4xy
\]
\[
\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y} (x^3 + 2xy^2) = 4xy
\]
由于 $\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$,向量场是保守的,积分与路径无关。
因此,正确答案是 $\boxed{D}$。