题目
18.计算二重积分iintlimits_(D)(x^2+y^2)^-(5)/(2)dxdy,其中D是由曲线y=sqrt(1-x^2)与直线y=x,x=1所围成的闭区域.
18.计算二重积分$\iint\limits_{D}(x^{2}+y^{2})^{-\frac{5}{2}}dxdy$,其中D是由曲线$y=\sqrt{1-x^{2}}$与直线y=x,x=1所围成的闭区域.
题目解答
答案
将区域 $D$ 转换为极坐标系,其中 $0 \leq \theta \leq \frac{\pi}{4}$,$0 \leq r \leq \frac{1}{\cos \theta}$。
被积函数变为 $r^{-5}$,积分变为:
\[
\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \int_{0}^{\frac{1}{\cos \theta}} r^{-4} \, dr \, d\theta.
\]
计算内积分得:
\[
\int_{0}^{\frac{1}{\cos \theta}} r^{-4} \, dr = -\frac{1}{3} \left[ r^{-3} \right]_{0}^{\frac{1}{\cos \theta}} = \frac{\cos^3 \theta}{3}.
\]
外积分变为:
\[
\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{\cos^3 \theta}{3} \, d\theta = \frac{1}{3} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cos^3 \theta \, d\theta.
\]
利用 $\cos^3 \theta = \cos \theta (1 - \sin^2 \theta)$,计算得:
\[
\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cos^3 \theta \, d\theta = \left[ \sin \theta - \frac{\sin^3 \theta}{3} \right]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} - \frac{(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2})^3}{3} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{2}}{12} = \frac{5\sqrt{2}}{12}.
\]
最终结果为:
\[
\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{5\sqrt{2}}{12} = \boxed{\frac{\pi}{28}}.
\]