题目
单选题(3.0分)-|||-14.-|||-=3(x)^4=+xyz+(y)^3+(z)^2 在点(1,2,1)处,沿空间与x轴正向成135度角,与y轴正-|||-向成45度角的方向上的方向导数为 () 。-|||-(A) -dfrac (sqrt {2)}(2) (B) dfrac (27sqrt {2)}(2) (C)不能确定 (D)不存在-|||-A (D )-|||-B (B )-|||-C (A)-|||-D (C )

题目解答
答案

解析
步骤 1:计算函数在点(1,2,1)处的偏导数
首先,我们需要计算函数 $u=3{x}^{4}z+xyz+{y}^{3}+{z}^{2}$ 在点(1,2,1)处的偏导数。偏导数分别对x、y、z求导。
- 对x求偏导:$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x} = 12x^3z + yz$
- 对y求偏导:$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y} = xz + 3y^2$
- 对z求偏导:$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial z} = 3x^4 + xy + 2z$
步骤 2:计算偏导数在点(1,2,1)处的值
将点(1,2,1)代入上述偏导数中,得到:
- $\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x} = 12(1)^3(1) + (2)(1) = 12 + 2 = 14$
- $\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y} = (1)(1) + 3(2)^2 = 1 + 12 = 13$
- $\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial z} = 3(1)^4 + (1)(2) + 2(1) = 3 + 2 + 2 = 7$
步骤 3:计算方向导数
方向导数的计算公式为:$\nabla u \cdot \vec{v}$,其中$\nabla u$是梯度向量,$\vec{v}$是单位方向向量。根据题目,方向与x轴正向成135度角,与y轴正向成45度角,因此方向余弦为:
- $\cos \alpha = \cos 135^\circ = -\dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2}$
- $\cos \beta = \cos 45^\circ = \dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2}$
- $\cos \gamma = \cos 90^\circ = 0$
因此,方向导数为:
$\nabla u \cdot \vec{v} = 14 \cdot (-\dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2}) + 13 \cdot \dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2} + 7 \cdot 0 = -7\sqrt {2} + \dfrac {13\sqrt {2}}{2} = -\dfrac {14\sqrt {2}}{2} + \dfrac {13\sqrt {2}}{2} = -\dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2}$
首先,我们需要计算函数 $u=3{x}^{4}z+xyz+{y}^{3}+{z}^{2}$ 在点(1,2,1)处的偏导数。偏导数分别对x、y、z求导。
- 对x求偏导:$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x} = 12x^3z + yz$
- 对y求偏导:$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y} = xz + 3y^2$
- 对z求偏导:$\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial z} = 3x^4 + xy + 2z$
步骤 2:计算偏导数在点(1,2,1)处的值
将点(1,2,1)代入上述偏导数中,得到:
- $\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial x} = 12(1)^3(1) + (2)(1) = 12 + 2 = 14$
- $\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial y} = (1)(1) + 3(2)^2 = 1 + 12 = 13$
- $\dfrac {\partial u}{\partial z} = 3(1)^4 + (1)(2) + 2(1) = 3 + 2 + 2 = 7$
步骤 3:计算方向导数
方向导数的计算公式为:$\nabla u \cdot \vec{v}$,其中$\nabla u$是梯度向量,$\vec{v}$是单位方向向量。根据题目,方向与x轴正向成135度角,与y轴正向成45度角,因此方向余弦为:
- $\cos \alpha = \cos 135^\circ = -\dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2}$
- $\cos \beta = \cos 45^\circ = \dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2}$
- $\cos \gamma = \cos 90^\circ = 0$
因此,方向导数为:
$\nabla u \cdot \vec{v} = 14 \cdot (-\dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2}) + 13 \cdot \dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2} + 7 \cdot 0 = -7\sqrt {2} + \dfrac {13\sqrt {2}}{2} = -\dfrac {14\sqrt {2}}{2} + \dfrac {13\sqrt {2}}{2} = -\dfrac {\sqrt {2}}{2}$