设当xarrow 0时,f(x)=e^x-dfrac(1+ax)(1+bx)为x的3阶无穷小,则a=______,b=______.
设当$x\rightarrow 0$时,$f\left(x\right)=e^{x}-\dfrac{1+ax}{1+bx}$为$x$的$3$阶无穷小,则$a=$______,$b=$______.
题目解答
答案
当$x\rightarrow 0$时,$f\left(x\right)$是$x$的$3$阶无穷小,
则:
$0=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 0}\dfrac{f\left(x\right)}{x^{3}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 0}\dfrac{e^{x}-\dfrac{1+ax}{1+bx}}{x^{3}}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 0}\dfrac{e^{x}+bxe^{x}-1-ax}{x^{3}\left(1+bx\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 0}\dfrac{e^{x}+bxe^{x}-1-ax}{x^{3}}$
$=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 0}\dfrac{e^{x}+be^{x}+bxe^{x}-a}{3x^{2}}($一次洛必达法则应用,并记此式为①)
$=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 0}\dfrac{e^{x}+2be^{x}+bxe^{x}}{6x}($二次洛必达法则应用,并记此式为②)
由①知:
$\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 0}\left(e^{x}+be^{x}+bxe^{x}-a\right)=1+b-a=0$,
由②知:
$\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow 0}\left(e^{x}+2be^{x}+bxe^{x}\right)=1+2b=0$,
从而解得:$b=-\dfrac{1}{2}$,$a=\dfrac{1}{2}$.