题目
,-|||-求摆线 ) x=a(t-sin t) y=a(1-cos t) . .(0lt tlt 2pi ) 的曲率,t等于何值时曲率最小?

题目解答
答案

解析
步骤 1:计算 $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$
根据摆线的参数方程,我们首先计算 $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$。由链式法则,我们有
$$\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{\dfrac{dy}{dt}}{\dfrac{dx}{dt}}$$
其中,$\dfrac{dy}{dt} = a\sin t$,$\dfrac{dx}{dt} = a(1-\cos t)$。因此,
$$\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{a\sin t}{a(1-\cos t)} = \dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}$$
步骤 2:计算 $\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}$
接下来,我们计算 $\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}$。根据链式法则,我们有
$$\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \dfrac{d}{dx}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) \cdot \dfrac{dt}{dx}$$
其中,$\dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}\right)$,$\dfrac{dt}{dx} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{dx}{dt}} = \dfrac{1}{a(1-\cos t)}$。因此,
$$\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{a(1-\cos t)}$$
步骤 3:计算曲率
根据曲率公式,我们有
$$k = \dfrac{\left|\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}\right|}{\left(1+\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right)^2\right)^{3/2}}$$
将 $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$ 和 $\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}$ 代入曲率公式,我们得到
$$k = \dfrac{\left|\dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{a(1-\cos t)}\right|}{\left(1+\left(\dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}\right)^2\right)^{3/2}}$$
步骤 4:求曲率最小值
为了求曲率的最小值,我们需要对 $k$ 关于 $t$ 求导,并令导数等于零。求导后,我们发现当 $t = \pi$ 时,曲率 $k$ 取得最小值。
根据摆线的参数方程,我们首先计算 $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$。由链式法则,我们有
$$\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{\dfrac{dy}{dt}}{\dfrac{dx}{dt}}$$
其中,$\dfrac{dy}{dt} = a\sin t$,$\dfrac{dx}{dt} = a(1-\cos t)$。因此,
$$\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{a\sin t}{a(1-\cos t)} = \dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}$$
步骤 2:计算 $\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}$
接下来,我们计算 $\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}$。根据链式法则,我们有
$$\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \dfrac{d}{dx}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) \cdot \dfrac{dt}{dx}$$
其中,$\dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}\right)$,$\dfrac{dt}{dx} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{dx}{dt}} = \dfrac{1}{a(1-\cos t)}$。因此,
$$\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{a(1-\cos t)}$$
步骤 3:计算曲率
根据曲率公式,我们有
$$k = \dfrac{\left|\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}\right|}{\left(1+\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right)^2\right)^{3/2}}$$
将 $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$ 和 $\dfrac{d^2y}{dx^2}$ 代入曲率公式,我们得到
$$k = \dfrac{\left|\dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}\right) \cdot \dfrac{1}{a(1-\cos t)}\right|}{\left(1+\left(\dfrac{\sin t}{1-\cos t}\right)^2\right)^{3/2}}$$
步骤 4:求曲率最小值
为了求曲率的最小值,我们需要对 $k$ 关于 $t$ 求导,并令导数等于零。求导后,我们发现当 $t = \pi$ 时,曲率 $k$ 取得最小值。