题目
考虑函数 z = f(x, y),其中 x = phi(u, v),y = psi(u, v),且 f, phi, psi 具有连续的一阶偏导数。关于 z 的全微分,下列哪些说法是正确的? A dz = (partial f)/(partial x) (partial x)/(partial u) du + (partial f)/(partial y) (partial y)/(partial u) du B dz = (partial f)/(partial x) dx + (partial f)/(partial y) dy C dz = (partial f)/(partial x) (partial x)/(partial v) dv + (partial f)/(partial y) (partial y)/(partial v) dv D dz = (partial f)/(partial x) (partial x)/(partial u) du + (partial f)/(partial x) (partial x)/(partial v) dv + (partial f)/(partial y) (partial y)/(partial u) du + (partial f)/(partial y) (partial y)/(partial v) dv
考虑函数 $z = f(x, y)$,其中 $x = \phi(u, v)$,$y = \psi(u, v)$,且 $f, \phi, \psi$ 具有连续的一阶偏导数。关于 $z$ 的全微分,下列哪些说法是正确的?
A $dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial x}{\partial u} du + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial y}{\partial u} du$
B $dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} dx + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} dy$
C $dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial x}{\partial v} dv + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial y}{\partial v} dv$
D $dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial x}{\partial u} du + \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial x}{\partial v} dv + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial y}{\partial u} du + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial y}{\partial v} dv$
题目解答
答案
为了确定函数 $ z = f(x, y) $ 的全微分 $ dz $ 的正确表达式,其中 $ x = \phi(u, v) $ 和 $ y = \psi(u, v) $,我们需要使用链式法则和全微分的定义。
函数 $ z = f(x, y) $ 的全微分 $ dz $ 由下式给出:
\[ dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} dx + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} dy. \]
接下来,我们需要将 $ dx $ 和 $ dy $ 表达为 $ du $ 和 $ dv $ 的函数。由于 $ x = \phi(u, v) $ 和 $ y = \psi(u, v) $,我们有:
\[ dx = \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial u} du + \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial v} dv, \]
\[ dy = \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial u} du + \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial v} dv. \]
将这些表达式代入 $ dz $ 的表达式中,我们得到:
\[ dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \left( \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial u} du + \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial v} dv \right) + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \left( \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial u} du + \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial v} dv \right). \]
合并同类项,我们有:
\[ dz = \left( \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial u} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial u} \right) du + \left( \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial v} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial v} \right) dv. \]
现在,让我们将这个表达式与给定的选项进行比较:
A. $ dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial x}{\partial u} du + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial y}{\partial u} du $
这个选项只包括 $ du $ 的项,没有 $ dv $ 的项,所以它是不正确的。
B. $ dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} dx + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} dy $
这个选项与全微分的定义相匹配,所以它是正确的。
C. $ dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial x}{\partial v} dv + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial y}{\partial v} dv $
这个选项只包括 $ dv $ 的项,没有 $ du $ 的项,所以它是不正确的。
D. $ dz = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial x}{\partial u} du + \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \frac{\partial x}{\partial v} dv + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial y}{\partial u} du $
这个选项缺少 $ \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} \frac{\partial y}{\partial v} dv $ 的项,所以它是不正确的。
因此,正确答案是:
\[
\boxed{B}
\]