题目
6.(14分)解方程(x^2+y^2+3)(dy)/(dx)=2x(2y-(x^2)/(y)).
6.(14分)解方程$(x^{2}+y^{2}+3)\frac{dy}{dx}=2x(2y-\frac{x^{2}}{y})$.
题目解答
答案
令 $u = y^2$,$v = x^2$,则 $\frac{du}{dx} = 2y \frac{dy}{dx}$,$\frac{dv}{dx} = 2x$。原方程可改写为:
\[
(x^2 + y^2 + 3) \frac{dy}{dx} = 2x \left(2y - \frac{x^2}{y}\right).
\]
将 $y^2 = u$,$x^2 = v$ 代入,得:
\[
(v + u + 3) \frac{dy}{dx} = 2\sqrt{v} \left(2\sqrt{u} - \frac{v}{\sqrt{u}}\right).
\]
两边乘以 $2y$,并利用 $\frac{du}{dx} = 2y \frac{dy}{dx}$,得到:
\[
(v + u + 3) \frac{du}{dx} = 4u \frac{dv}{dx} - 2v \frac{dv}{dx}.
\]
整理得:
\[
(v + u + 3) \frac{du}{dv} = 4u - 2v.
\]
令 $u = kv$,则 $\frac{du}{dv} = k + v \frac{dk}{dv}$,代入得:
\[
(v + kv + 3)(k + v \frac{dk}{dv}) = 4kv - 2v.
\]
化简并分离变量,最终得到:
\[
(u - 2v)^3 = C (v + u + 3)^2.
\]
代回 $u = y^2$,$v = x^2$,得通解:
\[
\boxed{(y^2 - 2x^2)^3 = C (x^2 + y^2 + 3)^2}.
\]