题目
(3) int_(0)^pi (3 sin x- cos x)dx;
(3) $\int_{0}^{\pi }(3 \sin x- \cos x)dx;$
题目解答
答案
要解决定积分 $\int_{0}^{\pi} (3 \sin x - \cos x) \, dx$,我们将遵循以下步骤:
1. **将积分分为两部分**:
\[
\int_{0}^{\pi} (3 \sin x - \cos x) \, dx = \int_{0}^{\pi} 3 \sin x \, dx - \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x \, dx
\]
2. **分别计算每个积分**:
- 对于第一个积分,$\int_{0}^{\pi} 3 \sin x \, dx$,我们可以将常数3提出来:
\[
\int_{0}^{\pi} 3 \sin x \, dx = 3 \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x \, dx
\]
$\sin x$ 的反导数是 $-\cos x$,因此:
\[
3 \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x \, dx = 3 \left[ -\cos x \right]_{0}^{\pi} = 3 \left( -\cos \pi - (-\cos 0) \right) = 3 \left( -(-1) - (-1) \right) = 3 \left( 1 + 1 \right) = 6
\]
- 对于第二个积分,$\int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x \, dx$,$\cos x$ 的反导数是 $\sin x$,因此:
\[
\int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x \, dx = \left[ \sin x \right]_{0}^{\pi} = \sin \pi - \sin 0 = 0 - 0 = 0
\]
3. **结合结果**:
\[
\int_{0}^{\pi} (3 \sin x - \cos x) \, dx = 6 - 0 = 6
\]
因此,定积分的值是 $\boxed{6}$。
解析
步骤 1:将积分分为两部分
将给定的积分 $\int_{0}^{\pi} (3 \sin x - \cos x) \, dx$ 分为两个积分的差: \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} (3 \sin x - \cos x) \, dx = \int_{0}^{\pi} 3 \sin x \, dx - \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x \, dx \]
步骤 2:分别计算每个积分
- 对于第一个积分,$\int_{0}^{\pi} 3 \sin x \, dx$,我们可以将常数3提出来: \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} 3 \sin x \, dx = 3 \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x \, dx \] $\sin x$ 的反导数是 $-\cos x$,因此: \[ 3 \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x \, dx = 3 \left[ -\cos x \right]_{0}^{\pi} = 3 \left( -\cos \pi - (-\cos 0) \right) = 3 \left( -(-1) - (-1) \right) = 3 \left( 1 + 1 \right) = 6 \]
- 对于第二个积分,$\int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x \, dx$,$\cos x$ 的反导数是 $\sin x$,因此: \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x \, dx = \left[ \sin x \right]_{0}^{\pi} = \sin \pi - \sin 0 = 0 - 0 = 0 \]
步骤 3:结合结果
将两个积分的结果相减: \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} (3 \sin x - \cos x) \, dx = 6 - 0 = 6 \]
将给定的积分 $\int_{0}^{\pi} (3 \sin x - \cos x) \, dx$ 分为两个积分的差: \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} (3 \sin x - \cos x) \, dx = \int_{0}^{\pi} 3 \sin x \, dx - \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x \, dx \]
步骤 2:分别计算每个积分
- 对于第一个积分,$\int_{0}^{\pi} 3 \sin x \, dx$,我们可以将常数3提出来: \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} 3 \sin x \, dx = 3 \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x \, dx \] $\sin x$ 的反导数是 $-\cos x$,因此: \[ 3 \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x \, dx = 3 \left[ -\cos x \right]_{0}^{\pi} = 3 \left( -\cos \pi - (-\cos 0) \right) = 3 \left( -(-1) - (-1) \right) = 3 \left( 1 + 1 \right) = 6 \]
- 对于第二个积分,$\int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x \, dx$,$\cos x$ 的反导数是 $\sin x$,因此: \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos x \, dx = \left[ \sin x \right]_{0}^{\pi} = \sin \pi - \sin 0 = 0 - 0 = 0 \]
步骤 3:结合结果
将两个积分的结果相减: \[ \int_{0}^{\pi} (3 \sin x - \cos x) \, dx = 6 - 0 = 6 \]