题目
二、填空题1.已知函数z=e^xy,则在(2,1)处的全微分dz=____
二、填空题
1.已知函数$z=e^{xy}$,则在(2,1)处的全微分$dz=$____
题目解答
答案
计算函数 $ z = e^{xy} $ 的偏导数:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = y e^{xy}, \quad \frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = x e^{xy}$
在点 $(2,1)$ 处求值:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} \bigg|_{(2,1)} = e^2, \quad \frac{\partial z}{\partial y} \bigg|_{(2,1)} = 2e^2$
全微分 $ dz $ 为:
$dz = e^2 dx + 2e^2 dy$
答案: $\boxed{e^2 dx + 2e^2 dy}$
解析
本题考查多元函数全微分的计算。解题思路是先求出函数$z = e^{xy}$关于$x$和$y$的偏导数,再将点$(2,1)$代入偏导数中求出该点处的偏导数值,最后根据全微分公式$dz=\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}dy$计算出在点$(2,1)$处的全微分。
- 求$z$关于$x$的偏导数$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$:
把$y$看作常数,对$z = e^{xy}$关于$x$求导,根据复合函数求导法则$(e^u)^\prime=e^u\cdot u^\prime$,这里$u = xy$,$u^\prime_y=y$,可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial (e^{xy})}{\partial x}=e^{xy}\cdot\frac{\partial (xy)}{\partial x}=ye^{xy}$ - 求$z$关于$y$的偏导数$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$:
把$x$看作常数,对$z = e^{xy}$关于$y$求导,同样根据复合函数求导法则,这里$u = xy$,$u^\prime_x=x$,可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=\frac{\partial (e^{xy})}{\partial y}=e^{xy}\cdot\frac{\partial (xy)}{\partial y}=xe^{xy}$ - 将点$(2,1)$代入偏导数中:
把$x = 2$,$y = 1$代入$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=ye^{xy}$,可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}\big|_{(2,1)}=1\times e^{2\times1}=e^2$
把$x = 2$,$y = 1$代入$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=xe^{xy}$,可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}\big|_{(2,1)}=2\times e^{2\times1}=2e^2$ - 计算全微分$dz$:
根据全微分公式$dz=\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}dy$,将$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}\big|_{(2,1)}=e^2$和$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}\big|_{(2,1)}=2e^2$代入可得:
$dz\big|_{(2,1)}=e^2dx + 2e^2dy$