已知overrightarrow(a)=(2,1,-1), overrightarrow(b)=(1,-1,2), 则overrightarrow(a)timesoverrightarrow(b)= ( ).A. -1B. (3,-3,-3)C. (2,0,1)D. (1,-5,-3)
A. $-1$
B. $(3,-3,-3)$
C. $(2,0,1)$
D. $(1,-5,-3)$
题目解答
答案
解析
本题考查向量叉乘的知识点。解题思路是根据向量叉乘的运算法则来计算$\overrightarrow{a}$与$\overrightarrow{b}$的叉积。
设$\overrightarrow{a}=(x_1,y_1,z_1)$,$\overrightarrow{b}=(x_2,y_2,z_2)$,则向量叉乘公式为\(\overrightarrow{a}\times\overrightarrow{b}=\begin{vmatrix} \overrightarrow{i} & \overrightarrow{j} & \overrightarrow{k}\\ x_1 & y_1 & z_1\\ x_2 & y_2 & z_2 \end{vmatrix}\),其中$\overrightarrow{i}$,$\overrightarrow{j}$,$\overrightarrow{k}$分别是$x$,$y$,$z$轴正方向的单位向量。
已知$\overrightarrow{a}=(2,1,-1)$,$\overrightarrow{b}=(1,-1,2)$,将其代入上述公式可得:
\(\overrightarrow{a}\times\overrightarrow{b}=\begin{vmatrix} \overrightarrow{i} & \overrightarrow{j} & \overrightarrow{k}\\ 2 & 1 & -1\\ 1 & -1 & 2 \end{vmatrix}\)
根据三阶行列式的展开法则\(\begin{vmatrix} A & B & C\\ D & E & F\\ G & H & I \end{vmatrix}=A\begin{vmatrix} E & F\\ H & I \end{vmatrix}-B\begin{vmatrix} D & F\\ G & I \end{vmatrix}+C\begin{vmatrix} D & E\\ G & H \end{vmatrix}\),则有:
$\begin{align*}\overrightarrow{a}\times\overrightarrow{b}&=\overrightarrow{i}\begin{vmatrix}1 & -1\\-1 & 2\end{vmatrix}-\overrightarrow{j}\begin{vmatrix}2 & -1\\1 & 2\end{vmatrix}+\overrightarrow{k}\begin{vmatrix}2 & 1\\1 & -1\end{vmatrix}\\&=\overrightarrow{i}(1\times2 - (-1)\times(-1)) - \overrightarrow{j}(2\times2 - (-1)\times1) + \overrightarrow{k}(2\times(-1) - 1\times1)\\&=\overrightarrow{i}(2 - 1) - \overrightarrow{j}(4 + 1) + \overrightarrow{k}(-2 - 1)\\&=\overrightarrow{i} - 5\overrightarrow{j} - 3\overrightarrow{k}\\&=(1,-5,-3)\end{align*}$