题目
8.填空题已知alpha_(1)=[1,1,0]^T,alpha_(2)=[1,3,-1]^T,alpha_(3)=[5,3,t]^T, 则当t=____时,alpha_(1)、alpha_(2)、alpha_(3)线性相关
8.填空题
已知$\alpha_{1}=[1,1,0]^{T},\alpha_{2}=[1,3,-1]^{T},\alpha_{3}=[5,3,t]^{T},$ 则当t=____时,$\alpha_{1}$、$\alpha_{2}$、$\alpha_{3}$线性相关
题目解答
答案
为了确定使得向量$\alpha_1 = [1, 1, 0]^T$, $\alpha_2 = [1, 3, -1]^T$, 和$\alpha_3 = [5, 3, t]^T$线性相关的$t$的值,我们需要找到使得这些向量构成的矩阵的行列式为零的$t$的值。向量线性相关当且仅当由这些向量构成的矩阵的行列式为零。
由向量$\alpha_1$, $\alpha_2$, 和$\alpha_3$构成的矩阵为:
\[
A = \begin{bmatrix}
1 & 1 & 5 \\
1 & 3 & 3 \\
0 & -1 & t
\end{bmatrix}
\]
我们需要计算矩阵$A$的行列式:
\[
\det(A) = \begin{vmatrix}
1 & 1 & 5 \\
1 & 3 & 3 \\
0 & -1 & t
\end{vmatrix}
\]
我们可以沿第一行展开行列式:
\[
\det(A) = 1 \cdot \begin{vmatrix}
3 & 3 \\
-1 & t
\end{vmatrix}
- 1 \cdot \begin{vmatrix}
1 & 3 \\
0 & t
\end{vmatrix}
+ 5 \cdot \begin{vmatrix}
1 & 3 \\
0 & -1
\end{vmatrix}
\]
现在,我们计算每个2x2行列式:
\[
\begin{vmatrix}
3 & 3 \\
-1 & t
\end{vmatrix} = 3t - (-3) = 3t + 3
\]
\[
\begin{vmatrix}
1 & 3 \\
0 & t
\end{vmatrix} = 1 \cdot t - 3 \cdot 0 = t
\]
\[
\begin{vmatrix}
1 & 3 \\
0 & -1
\end{vmatrix} = 1 \cdot (-1) - 3 \cdot 0 = -1
\]
将这些值代回行列式表达式,我们得到:
\[
\det(A) = 1 \cdot (3t + 3) - 1 \cdot t + 5 \cdot (-1) = 3t + 3 - t - 5 = 2t - 2
\]
为了使向量线性相关,行列式必须为零:
\[
2t - 2 = 0
\]
解$t$:
\[
2t = 2 \implies t = 1
\]
因此,使得$\alpha_1$, $\alpha_2$, 和$\alpha_3$线性相关的$t$的值是$\boxed{1}$。
解析
步骤 1:构造矩阵
构造由向量$\alpha_1$, $\alpha_2$, 和$\alpha_3$构成的矩阵$A$: \[ A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 3 \\ 0 & -1 & t \end{bmatrix} \]
步骤 2:计算行列式
计算矩阵$A$的行列式$\det(A)$: \[ \det(A) = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 3 \\ 0 & -1 & t \end{vmatrix} \] 沿第一行展开行列式: \[ \det(A) = 1 \cdot \begin{vmatrix} 3 & 3 \\ -1 & t \end{vmatrix} - 1 \cdot \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 0 & t \end{vmatrix} + 5 \cdot \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 0 & -1 \end{vmatrix} \] 计算每个2x2行列式: \[ \begin{vmatrix} 3 & 3 \\ -1 & t \end{vmatrix} = 3t + 3 \] \[ \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 0 & t \end{vmatrix} = t \] \[ \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 0 & -1 \end{vmatrix} = -1 \] 将这些值代回行列式表达式,我们得到: \[ \det(A) = 1 \cdot (3t + 3) - 1 \cdot t + 5 \cdot (-1) = 3t + 3 - t - 5 = 2t - 2 \]
步骤 3:求解$t$
为了使向量线性相关,行列式必须为零: \[ 2t - 2 = 0 \] 解$t$: \[ 2t = 2 \implies t = 1 \]
构造由向量$\alpha_1$, $\alpha_2$, 和$\alpha_3$构成的矩阵$A$: \[ A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 3 \\ 0 & -1 & t \end{bmatrix} \]
步骤 2:计算行列式
计算矩阵$A$的行列式$\det(A)$: \[ \det(A) = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 3 \\ 0 & -1 & t \end{vmatrix} \] 沿第一行展开行列式: \[ \det(A) = 1 \cdot \begin{vmatrix} 3 & 3 \\ -1 & t \end{vmatrix} - 1 \cdot \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 0 & t \end{vmatrix} + 5 \cdot \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 0 & -1 \end{vmatrix} \] 计算每个2x2行列式: \[ \begin{vmatrix} 3 & 3 \\ -1 & t \end{vmatrix} = 3t + 3 \] \[ \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 0 & t \end{vmatrix} = t \] \[ \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 3 \\ 0 & -1 \end{vmatrix} = -1 \] 将这些值代回行列式表达式,我们得到: \[ \det(A) = 1 \cdot (3t + 3) - 1 \cdot t + 5 \cdot (-1) = 3t + 3 - t - 5 = 2t - 2 \]
步骤 3:求解$t$
为了使向量线性相关,行列式必须为零: \[ 2t - 2 = 0 \] 解$t$: \[ 2t = 2 \implies t = 1 \]