题目
4.当λ=____时,曲线积分int_(L)3x^lambda-1ydx+x^lambdady在整个xoy平面内与路径无关.
4.当λ=____时,曲线积分$\int_{L}3x^{\lambda-1}ydx+x^{\lambda}dy$在整个xoy平面内与路径无关.
题目解答
答案
为了确定使曲线积分$\int_{L}3x^{\lambda-1}ydx + x^{\lambda}dy$在整个$xy$-平面内与路径无关的$\lambda$值,我们需要检查向量场$\mathbf{F} = (3x^{\lambda-1}y, x^{\lambda})$是否为保守向量场。一个向量场$\mathbf{F} = (P, Q)$是保守的,如果它的旋度为零,即$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$。
这里,$P = 3x^{\lambda-1}y$和$Q = x^{\lambda}$。我们需要计算$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$和$\frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$并使它们相等。
首先,计算$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$:
\[
\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x^{\lambda}) = \lambda x^{\lambda-1}.
\]
接下来,计算$\frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$:
\[
\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(3x^{\lambda-1}y) = 3x^{\lambda-1}.
\]
为了使向量场保守,我们需要:
\[
\lambda x^{\lambda-1} = 3x^{\lambda-1}.
\]
假设$x \neq 0$,我们可以两边同时除以$x^{\lambda-1}$:
\[
\lambda = 3.
\]
因此,使曲线积分与路径无关的$\lambda$值是$\boxed{3}$。
解析
步骤 1:确定向量场
给定的曲线积分可以表示为向量场$\mathbf{F} = (3x^{\lambda-1}y, x^{\lambda})$的线积分。为了使积分与路径无关,向量场$\mathbf{F}$必须是保守的,即它的旋度为零。
步骤 2:计算旋度
旋度为零意味着$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$,其中$P = 3x^{\lambda-1}y$和$Q = x^{\lambda}$。计算$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$和$\frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$。
\[
\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x^{\lambda}) = \lambda x^{\lambda-1}.
\]
\[
\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(3x^{\lambda-1}y) = 3x^{\lambda-1}.
\]
步骤 3:使旋度为零
为了使向量场$\mathbf{F}$保守,我们需要$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$,即
\[
\lambda x^{\lambda-1} = 3x^{\lambda-1}.
\]
假设$x \neq 0$,我们可以两边同时除以$x^{\lambda-1}$,得到
\[
\lambda = 3.
\]
给定的曲线积分可以表示为向量场$\mathbf{F} = (3x^{\lambda-1}y, x^{\lambda})$的线积分。为了使积分与路径无关,向量场$\mathbf{F}$必须是保守的,即它的旋度为零。
步骤 2:计算旋度
旋度为零意味着$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$,其中$P = 3x^{\lambda-1}y$和$Q = x^{\lambda}$。计算$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}$和$\frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$。
\[
\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x^{\lambda}) = \lambda x^{\lambda-1}.
\]
\[
\frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}(3x^{\lambda-1}y) = 3x^{\lambda-1}.
\]
步骤 3:使旋度为零
为了使向量场$\mathbf{F}$保守,我们需要$\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$,即
\[
\lambda x^{\lambda-1} = 3x^{\lambda-1}.
\]
假设$x \neq 0$,我们可以两边同时除以$x^{\lambda-1}$,得到
\[
\lambda = 3.
\]