题目
11.设函数f(x,y,z )满足 (tx,ty,tz)=(t)^nf(x,y,z) (t为任意实数),则称函数f为n次-|||-齐次函数.证明:n次齐次函数f满足关系式:-|||-(f)_(x)+y(f)_(y)+z(f)_(z)=nf(x,y,z) ,-|||-其中,函数f具有一阶连续偏导数.

题目解答
答案

解析
步骤 1:定义齐次函数
函数 $f(x,y,z)$ 满足 $f(tx,ty,tz)={t}^{n}f(x,y,z)$,其中 $t$ 为任意实数,称函数 $f$ 为 $n$ 次齐次函数。
步骤 2:对齐次函数进行求导
对等式 $f(tx,ty,tz)={t}^{n}f(x,y,z)$ 两边同时对 $t$ 求导,得到:
$$
\frac{d}{dt}f(tx,ty,tz) = \frac{d}{dt}({t}^{n}f(x,y,z))
$$
利用链式法则,左边可以写成:
$$
x\frac{\partial f}{\partial (tx)} + y\frac{\partial f}{\partial (ty)} + z\frac{\partial f}{\partial (tz)} = n{t}^{n-1}f(x,y,z)
$$
由于 $\frac{\partial f}{\partial (tx)} = \frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$,$\frac{\partial f}{\partial (ty)} = \frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}$,$\frac{\partial f}{\partial (tz)} = \frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}$,代入上式得:
$$
x\frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} + y\frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} + z\frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = n{t}^{n-1}f(x,y,z)
$$
两边同时乘以 $t$,得到:
$$
x\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} + y\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} + z\frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = nt^{n}f(x,y,z)
$$
步骤 3:令 $t=1$
令 $t=1$,则有:
$$
x\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} + y\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} + z\frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = nf(x,y,z)
$$
函数 $f(x,y,z)$ 满足 $f(tx,ty,tz)={t}^{n}f(x,y,z)$,其中 $t$ 为任意实数,称函数 $f$ 为 $n$ 次齐次函数。
步骤 2:对齐次函数进行求导
对等式 $f(tx,ty,tz)={t}^{n}f(x,y,z)$ 两边同时对 $t$ 求导,得到:
$$
\frac{d}{dt}f(tx,ty,tz) = \frac{d}{dt}({t}^{n}f(x,y,z))
$$
利用链式法则,左边可以写成:
$$
x\frac{\partial f}{\partial (tx)} + y\frac{\partial f}{\partial (ty)} + z\frac{\partial f}{\partial (tz)} = n{t}^{n-1}f(x,y,z)
$$
由于 $\frac{\partial f}{\partial (tx)} = \frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$,$\frac{\partial f}{\partial (ty)} = \frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}$,$\frac{\partial f}{\partial (tz)} = \frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}$,代入上式得:
$$
x\frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} + y\frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} + z\frac{1}{t}\frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = n{t}^{n-1}f(x,y,z)
$$
两边同时乘以 $t$,得到:
$$
x\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} + y\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} + z\frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = nt^{n}f(x,y,z)
$$
步骤 3:令 $t=1$
令 $t=1$,则有:
$$
x\frac{\partial f}{\partial x} + y\frac{\partial f}{\partial y} + z\frac{\partial f}{\partial z} = nf(x,y,z)
$$