题目
9.求下列参数方程所确定的函数的二阶导数 dfrac ({d)^2y}(d{x)^2}:-|||-(2) ) x=acos t y=bsin t .

题目解答
答案

解析
步骤 1:求一阶导数 $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$
首先,我们根据参数方程求出 $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$。根据链式法则,我们有:
$$\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{dy/dt}{dx/dt}$$
对于给定的参数方程,我们有:
$$\dfrac{dx}{dt} = -a\sin t$$
$$\dfrac{dy}{dt} = b\cos t$$
因此,
$$\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{b\cos t}{-a\sin t} = -\dfrac{b}{a}\cot t$$
步骤 2:求二阶导数 $\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}}$
接下来,我们求二阶导数 $\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}}$。根据链式法则,我们有:
$$\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}} = \dfrac{d}{dx}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) \cdot \dfrac{dt}{dx}$$
我们已经求出 $\dfrac{dy}{dx} = -\dfrac{b}{a}\cot t$,因此:
$$\dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(-\dfrac{b}{a}\cot t\right) = \dfrac{b}{a}\csc^2 t$$
同时,我们有:
$$\dfrac{dt}{dx} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{dx}{dt}} = \dfrac{1}{-a\sin t}$$
因此,
$$\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}} = \dfrac{b}{a}\csc^2 t \cdot \dfrac{1}{-a\sin t} = -\dfrac{b}{a^2}\csc^3 t$$
由于 $\csc t = \dfrac{1}{\sin t}$,我们有:
$$\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}} = -\dfrac{b}{a^2}\dfrac{1}{\sin^3 t} = -\dfrac{b}{a^2\sin^3 t}$$
首先,我们根据参数方程求出 $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$。根据链式法则,我们有:
$$\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{dy/dt}{dx/dt}$$
对于给定的参数方程,我们有:
$$\dfrac{dx}{dt} = -a\sin t$$
$$\dfrac{dy}{dt} = b\cos t$$
因此,
$$\dfrac{dy}{dx} = \dfrac{b\cos t}{-a\sin t} = -\dfrac{b}{a}\cot t$$
步骤 2:求二阶导数 $\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}}$
接下来,我们求二阶导数 $\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}}$。根据链式法则,我们有:
$$\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}} = \dfrac{d}{dx}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) \cdot \dfrac{dt}{dx}$$
我们已经求出 $\dfrac{dy}{dx} = -\dfrac{b}{a}\cot t$,因此:
$$\dfrac{d}{dt}\left(\dfrac{dy}{dx}\right) = \dfrac{d}{dt}\left(-\dfrac{b}{a}\cot t\right) = \dfrac{b}{a}\csc^2 t$$
同时,我们有:
$$\dfrac{dt}{dx} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{dx}{dt}} = \dfrac{1}{-a\sin t}$$
因此,
$$\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}} = \dfrac{b}{a}\csc^2 t \cdot \dfrac{1}{-a\sin t} = -\dfrac{b}{a^2}\csc^3 t$$
由于 $\csc t = \dfrac{1}{\sin t}$,我们有:
$$\dfrac{{d}^{2}y}{d{x}^{2}} = -\dfrac{b}{a^2}\dfrac{1}{\sin^3 t} = -\dfrac{b}{a^2\sin^3 t}$$