题目
L 为点 O(0,0) 至点 A(1,pi) 的直线段,则 int_(L) xsin(xy), dx - ycos(xy), dy = ( )A. (2)/(pi)B. -(1)/(pi)C. 0D. (1)/(pi)
$L$ 为点 $O(0,0)$ 至点 $A(1,\pi)$ 的直线段,则 $\int_{L} x\sin(xy)\, dx - y\cos(xy)\, dy = (\quad)$
A. $\frac{2}{\pi}$
B. $-\frac{1}{\pi}$
C. $0$
D. $\frac{1}{\pi}$
题目解答
答案
D. $\frac{1}{\pi}$
解析
本题考查对坐标的曲线积分的计算,解题思路是先求出直线段$L$的参数方程,然后将参数方程代入曲线积分表达式,最后计算计算定积分。
步骤一:求直线段$L$的参数方程
已知直线段$L$是从点$O(0,0)$至点$A(1,\pi)$的直线段,设直线$L$的参数方程为$\begin{cases}x = t\\y = \pi t\end{cases}$,$t$从$0$变到$1$。
此时$dx = dt$,$dy = = \pi dt$。
步骤二:将参数方程代入曲线积分表达式
将$\begin{cases}x = t\\y = \pi t\end{cases}$,$dx = dt$,$dy = \pi dt$代入曲线积分$\int_{L} x\sin(xy)\, dx - y\cos(xy)\, dy$可得:
$\begin{align*}&\int_{0}^{1} t\sin(t\cdot\pi t)\, dt - \pi t\cos(t\cdot\pi t)\cdot\pi)\cdot\pi dt\\=&\int_{0}^{1} t\sin(\pi t^2)\, dt - \pi^2 t\cos(\pi^2 t^2)\, dt\end{align*}$
步骤三:分别计算两个定积分
- 计算$\int_{0}^{1} t\sin(\pi t^2)\, dt$:
令$u = \pi t^2$,则$du = 2\pi t dt$,当$t = 0$时,$u = 0$;当$t = 1$,$u = \pi$。
$\int_{0}^{1} t\sin(\pi t^2)\, dt = \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi} \sin u du$
根据积分公式$\int \sin u du = -\cos u + C$可得:
$\frac{1{2\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi} \sin u du = \frac{1}{2\pi}[-\cos u]_{0}^{\pi} = \frac{1}{2\pi}(-\cos\pi + \cos0) = \frac{1}{2\pi}(1 + 1) = \frac{1}{\pi}$ - 计算$\int_{0}^{1} \pi^2 t\cos(\pi^2 t^2)\, dt$:
令$v = \pi^2 t^2$,则$dv = 2\pi^2 t dt$,当$t = 0$,$v = 0$;当$t = 1$,$v = \pi^2$。
$\int_{0}^{1} \pi^2 t\cos(\pi^2 t^2)\, dt = \frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\pi^2} \cos v dv$
根据积分公式$\int \cos v dv = \sin v + C$可得:
$\frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{\pi^2} \cos v dv = \frac{1}{2}[\sin v]_{0}^{\pi^2} = \frac{1}{2}(\sin\pi^2 - \sin0) = 0$
步骤四:计算最终结果
将上述两个定积分的结果相减可得:
$\int_{L} x\sin(xy)\, dx - y\cos(xy)\, dy = \frac{1}{\pi} - 0 = \frac{1}{\pi}$