3.设 +2y+z-2sqrt (xyz)=0, 求 dfrac (partial z)(partial x) 及 dfrac (partial z)(partial y).

题目解答
答案

解析
本题考查隐函数的偏导数求解。核心思路是对方程两边分别对$x$和$y$求偏导,利用链式法则处理含$z$的项,再解出$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}$和$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}$。关键在于:
- 正确应用乘积法则对$\sqrt{xyz}$求导;
- 整理方程,将含偏导数的项集中,解出目标表达式;
- 代数化简,将结果转化为题目给定的形式。
求$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}$
-
对$x$求偏导
方程两边对$x$求导,注意$y$为常数,$z$为$x$和$y$的函数:
$1 + \dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x} - \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xyz}} \left( yz + xy \dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x} \right) = 0$ -
整理方程
移项并提取$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x}$:
$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x} \left[ 1 - \dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{xyz}} \right] = \dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{xyz}} - 1$ -
化简表达式
分子分母同乘$\sqrt{xyz}$,得:
$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial x} = \dfrac{yz - \sqrt{xyz}}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy}$
求$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}$
-
对$y$求偏导
方程两边对$y$求导,注意$x$为常数:
$2 + \dfrac{\partial z}{\partial y} - \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xyz}} \left( xz + xy \dfrac{\partial z}{\partial y} \right) = 0$ -
整理方程
移项并提取$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial y}$:
$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial y} \left[ 1 - \dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{xyz}} \right] = \dfrac{xz}{\sqrt{xyz}} - 2$ -
化简表达式
分子分母同乘$\sqrt{xyz}$,得:
$\dfrac{\partial z}{\partial y} = \dfrac{xz - 2\sqrt{xyz}}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy}$