题目
在图示机构中,物体A质量为m1,放在光滑水平面上。均质圆盘C、B质量均为m,半径均为R,物块D质量为m2。不计绳的质量,设绳与滑轮之间无相对滑动,绳的AE段与水平面平行,系统由静止开始释放。试求物体D的加速度以及BC段绳的张力。
在图示机构中,物体A质量为m
1,放在光滑水平面上。均质圆盘C、B质量均为m,半径均为R,物块D质量为m
2。不计绳的质量,设绳与滑轮之间无相对滑动,绳的AE段与水平面平行,系统由静止开始释放。试求物体D的加速度以及BC段绳的张力。
1,放在光滑水平面上。均质圆盘C、B质量均为m,半径均为R,物块D质量为m
2。不计绳的质量,设绳与滑轮之间无相对滑动,绳的AE段与水平面平行,系统由静止开始释放。试求物体D的加速度以及BC段绳的张力。
题目解答
答案

解析
步骤 1:确定系统动能
设物块D下降距离s时,速度为vD,则系统动能为:
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 + \frac{1}{2}I_C\omega_C^2 + \frac{1}{2}I_B\omega_B^2 \]
其中,圆盘C和B的转动惯量为:
\[ I_C = I_B = \frac{1}{2}mR^2 \]
由于绳子与滑轮之间无相对滑动,所以:
\[ \omega_C = \frac{v_D}{R} \]
\[ \omega_B = \frac{2v_D}{R} \]
因此,系统动能可以写为:
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}mR^2 \cdot \left(\frac{v_D}{R}\right)^2 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}mR^2 \cdot \left(\frac{2v_D}{R}\right)^2 \]
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 + \frac{1}{4}mv_D^2 + m v_D^2 \]
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 + m_2 + \frac{1}{2}m + 2m)v_D^2 \]
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(\frac{7}{2}m + m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 \]
步骤 2:确定重力的功
重力的功为:
\[ W = (m_2)gs \]
步骤 3:应用动能定理
应用动能定理,有:
\[ T = W \]
\[ \frac{1}{2}(\frac{7}{2}m + m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 = m_2gs \]
对时间求导,得到加速度:
\[ (\frac{7}{2}m + m_1 + m_2)v_Da_D = m_2g \]
\[ a_D = \frac{2m_2g}{7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2} \]
步骤 4:确定BC段绳的张力
应用相对速度瞬心的动量矩定理,有:
\[ I_C\omega_C = (m_2)gR - F_{BC} \cdot 2R \]
\[ \frac{1}{2}mR^2 \cdot \frac{v_D}{R} = m_2gR - F_{BC} \cdot 2R \]
\[ \frac{1}{2}mv_D = m_2g - 2F_{BC} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{1}{2}m_2g - \frac{1}{4}mv_D \]
代入加速度:
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{1}{2}m_2g - \frac{1}{4}m \cdot \frac{2m_2g}{7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{1}{2}m_2g - \frac{m_2g}{2(7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2)} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{m_2g(7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2) - m_2g}{2(7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2)} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{m_2g(6m + 2m_1)}{2(7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2)} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{m_2g(3m + m_1)}{7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2} \]
设物块D下降距离s时,速度为vD,则系统动能为:
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 + \frac{1}{2}I_C\omega_C^2 + \frac{1}{2}I_B\omega_B^2 \]
其中,圆盘C和B的转动惯量为:
\[ I_C = I_B = \frac{1}{2}mR^2 \]
由于绳子与滑轮之间无相对滑动,所以:
\[ \omega_C = \frac{v_D}{R} \]
\[ \omega_B = \frac{2v_D}{R} \]
因此,系统动能可以写为:
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}mR^2 \cdot \left(\frac{v_D}{R}\right)^2 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}mR^2 \cdot \left(\frac{2v_D}{R}\right)^2 \]
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 + \frac{1}{4}mv_D^2 + m v_D^2 \]
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(m_1 + m_2 + \frac{1}{2}m + 2m)v_D^2 \]
\[ T = \frac{1}{2}(\frac{7}{2}m + m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 \]
步骤 2:确定重力的功
重力的功为:
\[ W = (m_2)gs \]
步骤 3:应用动能定理
应用动能定理,有:
\[ T = W \]
\[ \frac{1}{2}(\frac{7}{2}m + m_1 + m_2)v_D^2 = m_2gs \]
对时间求导,得到加速度:
\[ (\frac{7}{2}m + m_1 + m_2)v_Da_D = m_2g \]
\[ a_D = \frac{2m_2g}{7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2} \]
步骤 4:确定BC段绳的张力
应用相对速度瞬心的动量矩定理,有:
\[ I_C\omega_C = (m_2)gR - F_{BC} \cdot 2R \]
\[ \frac{1}{2}mR^2 \cdot \frac{v_D}{R} = m_2gR - F_{BC} \cdot 2R \]
\[ \frac{1}{2}mv_D = m_2g - 2F_{BC} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{1}{2}m_2g - \frac{1}{4}mv_D \]
代入加速度:
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{1}{2}m_2g - \frac{1}{4}m \cdot \frac{2m_2g}{7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{1}{2}m_2g - \frac{m_2g}{2(7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2)} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{m_2g(7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2) - m_2g}{2(7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2)} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{m_2g(6m + 2m_1)}{2(7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2)} \]
\[ F_{BC} = \frac{m_2g(3m + m_1)}{7m + 2m_1 + 2m_2} \]