题目
4.计算曲线积分int_(L)(x^2+y)dx+(x+sin^2ycos y)dy,其中L是上半圆周y=sqrt(4x-x^2)上从点A(0,0)到点B(4,0)的有向弧.
4.计算曲线积分$\int_{L}(x^{2}+y)dx+(x+\sin^{2}y\cos y)dy$,其中L是上半圆周$y=\sqrt{4x-x^{2}}$上从点A(0,0)到点B(4,0)的有向弧.
题目解答
答案
为了计算曲线积分$\int_{L}(x^{2}+y)dx+(x+\sin^{2}y\cos y)dy$,其中$L$是上半圆周$y=\sqrt{4x-x^{2}}$上从点$A(0,0)$到点$B(4,0)$的有向弧,我们可以使用格林定理。格林定理指出,对于一个正向、分段光滑、简单闭合曲线$C$和由$C$包围的区域$D$,如果$P$和$Q$在包含$D$的开区域内具有连续的偏导数,那么
\[
\int_{C} P\, dx + Q\, dy = \iint_{D} \left( \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial P}{\partial y} \right) \, dA.
\]
然而,由于曲线$L$不是闭合的(它只从$A$到$B$),我们需要将其闭合,通过添加线段$BA$。设闭合曲线为$C = L \cup BA$。线段$BA$是x轴上从$B$到$A$的直线,因此沿$BA$的$y$值为0,且$dy = 0$。因此,沿$BA$的积分是
\[
\int_{BA} (x^2 + y) \, dx + (x + \sin^2 y \cos y) \, dy = \int_{4}^{0} (x^2 + 0) \, dx + (x + \sin^2 0 \cos 0) \cdot 0 \, dy = \int_{4}^{0} x^2 \, dx = -\int_{0}^{4} x^2 \, dx = -\left[ \frac{x^3}{3} \right]_{0}^{4} = -\frac{64}{3}.
\]
现在,我们对闭合曲线$C$使用格林定理。设$P(x, y) = x^2 + y$和$Q(x, y) = x + \sin^2 y \cos y$。那么,
\[
\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} = 1 \quad \text{和} \quad \frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = 1,
\]
所以
\[
\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = 1 - 1 = 0.
\]
因此,闭合曲线$C$上的积分是
\[
\int_{C} (x^2 + y) \, dx + (x + \sin^2 y \cos y) \, dy = \iint_{D} 0 \, dA = 0.
\]
由于闭合曲线$C$上的积分是0,我们有
\[
\int_{L} (x^2 + y) \, dx + (x + \sin^2 y \cos y) \, dy + \int_{BA} (x^2 + y) \, dx + (x + \sin^2 y \cos y) \, dy = 0,
\]
所以
\[
\int_{L} (x^2 + y) \, dx + (x + \sin^2 y \cos y) \, dy = -\int_{BA} (x^2 + y) \, dx + (x + \sin^2 y \cos y) \, dy = -\left( -\frac{64}{3} \right) = \frac{64}{3}.
\]
因此,曲线积分的值是
\[
\boxed{\frac{64}{3}}.
\]