题目
L是平面曲线x^2+y^2=a^2(顺时针方向),则曲线积分oint_(L)(3x^2+2x+1)ydx+x^3dy的值为______.A. -3pi a^2B. pi a^2C. -pi a^2D. 3pi a^2
$L$是平面曲线$x^{2}+y^{2}=a^{2}$(顺时针方向),则曲线积分$\oint_{L}(3x^{2}+2x+1)ydx+x^{3}dy$的值为______.
A. $-3\pi a^{2}$
B. $\pi a^{2}$
C. $-\pi a^{2}$
D. $3\pi a^{2}$
题目解答
答案
B. $\pi a^{2}$
解析
步骤 1:应用格林公式
对于顺时针方向的闭合曲线 $L$,格林公式为: \[ \oint_{L} Pdx + Qdy = -\iint_{D} \left( \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial P}{\partial y} \right) dA \] 其中 $P = (3x^2 + 2x + 1)y$,$Q = x^3$。计算得: \[ \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = -2x - 1 \] 故: \[ \oint_{L} (3x^2 + 2x + 1)ydx + x^3dy = \iint_{D} (2x + 1) dA \]
步骤 2:转换为极坐标
将直角坐标系下的积分转换为极坐标系下的积分,其中 $x = r \cos \theta$,$y = r \sin \theta$,$dA = r \, dr \, d\theta$。积分区域 $D$ 是半径为 $a$ 的圆,因此 $r$ 的范围是 $0$ 到 $a$,$\theta$ 的范围是 $0$ 到 $2\pi$。代入得: \[ \int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{a} (2r \cos \theta + 1) r \, dr \, d\theta \]
步骤 3:计算积分
计算上述积分: \[ \int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{a} (2r^2 \cos \theta + r) \, dr \, d\theta = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left[ \frac{2}{3}r^3 \cos \theta + \frac{1}{2}r^2 \right]_{0}^{a} d\theta = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left( \frac{2}{3}a^3 \cos \theta + \frac{1}{2}a^2 \right) d\theta \] \[ = \frac{2}{3}a^3 \int_{0}^{2\pi} \cos \theta \, d\theta + \frac{1}{2}a^2 \int_{0}^{2\pi} d\theta = \frac{2}{3}a^3 \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{2}a^2 \cdot 2\pi = \pi a^2 \]
对于顺时针方向的闭合曲线 $L$,格林公式为: \[ \oint_{L} Pdx + Qdy = -\iint_{D} \left( \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial P}{\partial y} \right) dA \] 其中 $P = (3x^2 + 2x + 1)y$,$Q = x^3$。计算得: \[ \frac{\partial Q}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial P}{\partial y} = -2x - 1 \] 故: \[ \oint_{L} (3x^2 + 2x + 1)ydx + x^3dy = \iint_{D} (2x + 1) dA \]
步骤 2:转换为极坐标
将直角坐标系下的积分转换为极坐标系下的积分,其中 $x = r \cos \theta$,$y = r \sin \theta$,$dA = r \, dr \, d\theta$。积分区域 $D$ 是半径为 $a$ 的圆,因此 $r$ 的范围是 $0$ 到 $a$,$\theta$ 的范围是 $0$ 到 $2\pi$。代入得: \[ \int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{a} (2r \cos \theta + 1) r \, dr \, d\theta \]
步骤 3:计算积分
计算上述积分: \[ \int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{a} (2r^2 \cos \theta + r) \, dr \, d\theta = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left[ \frac{2}{3}r^3 \cos \theta + \frac{1}{2}r^2 \right]_{0}^{a} d\theta = \int_{0}^{2\pi} \left( \frac{2}{3}a^3 \cos \theta + \frac{1}{2}a^2 \right) d\theta \] \[ = \frac{2}{3}a^3 \int_{0}^{2\pi} \cos \theta \, d\theta + \frac{1}{2}a^2 \int_{0}^{2\pi} d\theta = \frac{2}{3}a^3 \cdot 0 + \frac{1}{2}a^2 \cdot 2\pi = \pi a^2 \]