28If you’ve ever looked at the ingredients list while grocery shopping, chances are you’ve seen the term “natural flavors”. But have you taken a 26 to consider what these natural flavors actually are?Most of us might think that “natural flavors” are, well, naturally good for us. A recent study in the journal Appetite found that when the word “natural” appears on packaging, people 27 that the food within is indeed healthier. In truth, natural flavors do not 28 much, at least chemically speaking, from their flavor-boosting 29: artificial flavors. Both can be made in a lab by trained flavorists, but artificial flavors use chemicals to give a product a 30 smell or taste.Natural flavors come from plant or animal 31, like fruit, vegetable, meat, fish or milk that is then processed or refined in some way. In short, natural flavors are 32 from plants and animals to create specific flavors for processed foods. But that does not 33 make it easier to tell what is really in your food. Because the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not 34 the term, companies can use it to refer to pretty much anything derived from a plant or animal. And natural flavors can also include a variety of chemical additives, such as preservatives. The FDA doesn’t require companies to reveal what additional chemicals a specific item 35.So if you want to know for certain what you’re getting with your groceries, you might want to stick to the farmer’s market.A、acknowledgeB、chanceC、containsD、counterpartsE、definedF、differG、especiallyA.extractedB.impliesC.necessarilyD.particularE.perceiveF.secondG.sourcesH.strange

Most fatal accidents involve a disproportionately ( 不成比例的 ) high number of men unden the age of 25 . A report on young driver research prepared last year by Monash University - accident research centre found that , in 1990 and 1991 , almost a bird of the people killed in road crashes were drivers under 25 . Yet this age group represents only 14 percent of the population . The report , which also updated a review of international literature about , among other things , driver training , also reached what many would consider a startling cond usi on : Training and education pro no pally in the US do not appear to reduce younger drivers risk of crashing The Monash University researchers looked at the crash information from New South Wales for 1986 to 1990 from Victoria for 1984 to 1990 and from South Australia for 1986 to 1990 . The only Australian evidence which possibly indicates that counter - measures targeted specifically at young beginner drivers have been effective comes from evaluations of zero blood alcohol concentration legislation . The Monash researchers also looked the US road - crash in 九番 ation for 1989 on 6.6 million police - reported crashes involving fatal flies injuries and motor vehicle damage . The researchers looked at a sample of 44 000 crashes . The conclusion was that the available literature gives a pessimistic view of the effectiveness of driver training and education reflected in the In a blini ty to produce drivers safer than those who have not been trained . The Monash University s report about young drivers con duded that younger drivers were more likely to take risks at night younger men were more likely to take risks than younger women but younger women appeared to have greater skills deli den cy . Overall the researchers concluded that I appears that vehicle - control skills improve rapidly with increasing experience but that their development is still incomplete after one or two years and possible after considerably longer periodsA place where white has been made to representAll that is good and pure and fine and decent.Harsh was among the few “keenly interested in the welfare of their race". After she was made head of the Hall Branch.she continued to work in black neighborhood.Once middle-class,the neighborhood was home to poor. scarcely educated.recent arrivals from the South.She put her heart and soul into the library. But still, Harsh was plagued with doubts about he accomplishments.Two years after retirement. she died depressed.Yet it is through Harsh that numerous African Americans learned the meaning of preservin their own cultural heritage and the power of education to turn lives around.24.Why was Harsh asked to study specific libraries in 1934?A.To ask for donations from other libraries.B.To list the most important books about the black.C.To learn advanced library management experience.D.To find out how libraries served black communities in other cities.25.What do we know about Harsh?A.She herself was poorly educatedB.She worked as a historian the whole life.C.Her aim to change black people's life failed.D. She struggled for a better understanding of her race.26.What does the underlined word "plagued"in Paragraph 10 mean?A.TroubledB Questioned.C. Panicked.D.Pleased.27.Which of the following can best describe Harsh as a librarian?A. Cautious.B.Devoted.C.Generous.D.Mild.

Is It Worth Eating an Organic Diet? [A] Sales of organic food have been rising steadily over the past decade, reaching almost 30billion in 2011, or 4.2% of all U.S. food and beverage (饮料) sales, according to the OrganicTrade Association. Many of the consumers who purchase these products say paying morefor organic produce, milk and meat is a trade-off(权衡) they are willing to make in order toavoid exposure to chemical pesticides and fertilizers and milk from cows given bovine growthhormone (牛生长激素). Some experts say common sense should tell us that food grownwithout the help of synthetic chemicals is probably safer and healthier to consume than foodcontaining those substances, even in trace amounts. They believe Americans should try tosubstitute organic products for conventional ones whenever possible. [B] However, other families, especially those whose food budgets may be more limited wonder iforganic food is really worth its hefty (异常大的) price tag. Other experts point out that thereisn't enough scientific evidence to say for sure that eating organic food leads to better health.As such, they say the most important dietary advice they can give Americans is to eat morefresh fruit and vegetables and less processed food. [C] Alex Leo, associate professor of environmental exposure biology at the Harvard School of PublicHealth, argues for eating more organic food. Janet H. Silverstein, a professor of endocrinology (内分泌学) at the University of Florida and a co-author of an American Association of Pediatrics (儿科学) study on the health benefits of an organic diet, takes the skeptic's (怀疑者的) view. So far,researchers haven't been able to provide them with a definitive answer. [D] Is there definitive scientific proof that an organic diet is healthier? "Not yet," said Leo. Robustscientific studies comparing food grown organically and food grown conventionally don'texist, thanks to a lack of funding for this kind of research. "The lack of definitive evidencecombined with the higher price of organic food has given skeptics a golden opportunity toargue that organic isn't worth the cost and effort," he added. [E] While studies in recent years have delivered a decidedly mixed message about thehealthfulness of organic food, those on both sides of the debate generally agree that organicproduce typically contains fewer pesticides than conventional produce, and that people maybe able to reduce or eliminate agricultural chemicals from their bodies by adopting an organicdiet. This was illustrated in a study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectivesin 2006. That study, which was led by Leo, showed that within five days of substituting mostlyorganic produce for conventional produce in children's diets, pesticides disappeared from thechildren's urine ( 尿液). [F] Many say the pesticides found in our food are nothing to fear because the levels fall well belowfederal safety guidelines and thus aren't dangerous. Similarly, they say the bovine growthhormone used to increase cows' milk yield is perfectly safe. But federal guidelines don't take intoaccount what effect repeated exposure to low levels of chemicals might have on humans overtime. And many pesticides were eventually banned or restricted by the federal government afteryears of use when they were discovered to be harmful to the environment or human health. [G] Pesticides, in particular, are made to kill organisms, and the President's Cancer Panel in 2010made clear that it sees them as a threat, advising Americans to "reduce their cancer risks bychoosing, to the extent possible, food grown without pesticides or chemical fertilizers." [H] Recent field studies showed that organic produce, such as strawberries, leafy vegetables andwheat, not only tastes better but contains much higher levels of phenolic acids (酚酸) thanconventional produce. Phenolic acids can prevent cellular damage, and offer some protectionagainst oxidative stress ( 氧化应激), inflammation (炎症) and cancer. [I] Yes, organic food typically costs more and can be harder to find than traditional food, but onecould argue that the price of conventional food is artificially low because of all the subsidiesthat organic farmers don't get and that the government could do more to help organic farmerslower their costs. Nevertheless, when bought in season, organic produce is often comparable inprice to conventional produce. [J] A good strategy for consumers on limited budgets is to buy the organic versions of foods on theEnvironmental Working Group's "Dirty Dozen" list, as they typically contain the most pesticides.Or, consumers could focus on buying the organic versions of the foods they eat most. Knowingthat we could reduce our exposure to pesticides and increase our exposure to antioxidants ( 抗氧化剂 ) by eating organic food, it makes great common sense to consume more of it. [K] Organic food is more expensive than conventional offerings, which could make it costprohibitive for families on limited food budgets. Given the lack of data showing that organicfood leads to better health, it would be counterproductive to encourage people to adopt anorganic diet if they end up buying less produce as a result. If families can afford to buyorganic and still put a good amount of healthy food on the table, then the decision aboutwhether to spend the extra money on organic produce, milk and meat should be based on asolid understanding of what we do and don't know about the benefits. [L] It is difficult to compare the nutritional value of organic versus conventional food because thesoil, climate, timing of harvest, and storage conditions all affect the composition of produce.Still, published studies have found no significant differences in nutritional quality betweenorganic and nonorganic produce or milk. Similarly, there is no evidence that giving bovinegrowth hormone (BGH. to cows changes the composition of milk or affects human health.BGH is inactive in humans and degrades in the acidic environment of the stomach. As forpesticide exposure, the U.S. in 1996 established maximum permissible levels for pesticideresidues (残留) in food to ensure food safety. Many studies have shown that pesticides levels in conventional produce fall well below those guidelines. [M] While it's true that organic fruits and vegetables in general contain fewer traces of these chemicals,we can't draw conclusions about what that means for health as there haven't been any long-termstudies comparing the relationship between exposure to pesticides from organic versus nonorganicfoods and adverse health outcomes. It may seem like "common sense" to reduce exposure to thesechemicals, but there are currently no good evidence-based studies to answer the question. [N] While awaiting definitive studies, families on limited budgets who are concerned aboutpesticide exposure can refer to the Environmental Working Group's list of the "Dirty Dozen,"those foods with the highest pesticide residues, and the "Clean 15", the foods with the lowestpesticide concentrations. A good strategy would be to focus on buying organic versions of thefoods on the "Dirty Dozen" listing. [O] We would like to think that organic food is grown locally, put in a wheelbarrow (独轮手推车) and brought directly to our homes. However, much of it comes from countries whereregulations might not be as tightly enforced as in the U.S., and labeling of the foods mightbe misleading. And just because food is labeled organic doesn't mean it is completely free ofpesticides. Contamination can occur from soil and ground water containing previously usedchemicals, or during transport, processing and storage. Organochlorine insecticides (有机氯杀虫剂) were recently found in organically grown root crops and tomatoes even though thesepesticides haven't been used for 20 years.1.[选词填空]The Environmental Working Group's lists tell people which food is with the most pesticideresidues and which is with the least.2.[选词填空] Food marked organic may contain pesticides as well.3.[选词填空]Many factors make it hard to tell the differences between organic food and traditional food interms of nutrition.4.[选词填空]Federal guidelines do not consider the impact of constant exposure to small amounts ofchemicals on human health.5.[选词填空]Americans, especially those from less wealthy families, are suggested by some experts to eatmore fresh fruit and vegetables rather than processed foods.6.[选词填空]Janet H. Silverstein is skeptical about the idea of eating more organic food.7.[选词填空]Consensus is reached that agricultural chemicals may be able to reduced or eliminated from ourbodies by adopting an organic diet.8.[选词填空]If limited in food budget, people can buy seasonal organic vegetables which match withconventional produce in price.9.[选词填空]People can only afford less food should not be encouraged to adopt an organic diet, especiallywhen there is no solid evidence that proves organic food is better for our health.10.[选词填空]Some experts argue conventional food should be replaced by organic ones, since it is ourcommon sense that food with even the smallest amount of synthetic chemicals is moredangerous and unhealthy than food without those substances.

Language is a city， to the building of  _______________ every human being brought a stone．（ ）A. whichB. thatC. itD. this

Why did rich people use perfume in ancient Egypt?A. Because of social purposes.B. Because of business purposes.C. Because they wanted to show their beauty.D. Because they wanted to show their importance.

22.Drinking a glass of warm milk can warm you up and,____ turn, help you fall asleep more easily.23.Depression, anxiety, or other mental disorders could interfere____ your sleep.

_general, Mandy's grades have been quite promising this semester . A On B With C In D For

fall ill；give away；in attendance；leave…behind；might as well；regardless of；to this day；up to（1）The Chinese swimmer was ____ at the beginning of the women's100-meter freestyle final，but she didn't give up and finally took the lead.（2）Mr.Adams told us he was going to ____ 10 percent of his salary to charity every month.（3）The National Stadium，also famously known as the Bird's Nest，can hold ____ 1，000 spectators（观众）.（4）If he is determined to do something，he will do it ____ what other people say.（5）If you are not going to take this project seriously，we ____ ask someone else to join us.（6）A good health-care system ensures that people do not need to spend too much money when they ____ .（7）Thousands of people were ____ at yesterday's concert by a popular band，which caused great excitement.（8）They got to know each other in their 20s and ____ ，they are still in close touch.

How to keep yourself safe from new virus？ After a new-type coronavirus was detected in viral pneumonia cases in Central China's Wuhan city， more cases have been reported． （1） ____ ： 1． Wear masks outdoors ●Wearing a mask is one of the most effective ways to protect you from getting infected． ●Make sure to wear it properly by tightening up the nose clip and pulling the bottom of it over your chin． ●（2） ____ ， a mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others． 2． Cover your coughs and sneeze with tissue（纸巾） Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze， or you can cough or sneeze into your sleeve， but avoid covering with your hands directly． 3． （3） ____ ． Wash your hands with soap and running water thoroughly for at least 15 seconds． ●Before eating and after using the toilet ●After returning home ●After touching trash or garbage ●After contacting with animals or handling animal wastes 4． Strengthen your immune system and exercise regularly ●Exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to help you stay away from catching any infections． ●Make sure that shared spaces have good air flow and avoid going to crowded places such as hospitals， railway stations and airports． （4） ____ ． ●Seek prompt（及时的） medical attention if you have symptoms of fever and respiratory infection． ●Avoid close contact with people who have flu or cold-like symptoms． ●（5） ____ ． Avoid contact with wild animals or farmed livestock without any protection．A． If your hands are not visibly dirtyB． Eat thoroughly cooked meat and eggsC． Wash your hands frequently and properlyD． Protect yourself and others from getting sickE． Wear a mask if transport or movement is necessaryF． If you're not feeling well or have symptoms of feverG． To prevent catching the infection， here's what you can do

Reading a wide variety of books can greatly ________ your knowledge and perspective on different subjects. A. engage B. enlist C. endure D. enhance