In 1905, Albert Einstein developed the theory of special relativity. He also proved that atoms exist and figured out that light behaves as both a particle and a wave. To top it all off, he developed his famous equation E=mcc, which describes the relationship between matter and energy, the same year. He was only 26 years old. Without a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton-as any fan of "Star Trek". The Next Generation can say he invented physics. He also played a big role in the development of calculus, which some people have trouble comprehending even after extensive classroom study. Another genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, started composing music when he was 5 years old. Mozart wrote hundreds of pieces before his death in 1760 at age 35. According to conventional wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people, In addition, many people think that all that extra brainpower leads to eccentric or quirky behavior. And although geniuses are fairly easy to spot, defining exactly what makes one person a genius is a little trickier. Figuring out how that person became a genius is harder still. There are two big things that make it difficult to study genius: The genius label is subjective. Some people insist that anyone with an intelligence quotient (IQ) higher than a certain value is a genius. Others feel that IQ tests measure only a limited part of a person’s total intelligence. Some believe high test scores have little to do with real genius. Genius is a big-picture concept. Most scientific and medical inquiries, on the other band, examine de tails. A concept as subjective as genius isn’t easy to quantify, analyze or study. So, when exploring how geniuses work, it’s a good idea to start by defining precisely what a genius is. For the purpose of this article, a genius isn’t simply someone with an exceptionally high IQ. Instead, a genius is an extraordinarily intelligent person who breaks new ground with discoveries, inventions or works of art. Usually, a genius’ work changes the way people view the world or the field in which the work took place. In other words, a genius must be both intelligent and able to use that intelligence in a productive or impressive way. The brain regulates the body’s organ systems. When a person moves around, it sends impulses along the nerves and tells the muscles what to do. The brain controls the senses of smell, taste, touch, sight and hearing, and the person experiences and processes emotions using his brain, On top of all that, the brain allows people to think, analyze information and solve problems. But how does it make someone smart Scientists haven’t figured out exactly how all the gray matter in the brain works, but they do have an idea of which part lets people think. The cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), which is the outermost part of the brain, is where thought and reasoning happen. These are the brain’s higher function-- the lower functions, which relate to basic survival, take place deeper in the brain. The cerebral cortex is the largest part of the brain, and it’s full of wrinkles and folds that allow it to fit in the skull. If an adult human’s cerebral cortex is removed and stretched out, it would be about as large as a few pages of a newspaper. It’s divided into several lobes(裂片), and different regions within these lobes handle specific tasks related to how people think. In spite of all those challenges to see the brain inside and how it works, researchers have figured out a few things about how the brain affects intelligence. A 2004 study at the University of California, Irvine found that the volume of gray matter in parts of the cerebral cortex had a greater impact on intelligence than the brain’s total volume. The findings suggest that the physical attributes of many parts of the brain--rather than a centralized "intelligence center" --determine how smart a person is. Like genius, intelligence can be difficult to quantify. Psychologists and neuroscientists study intelligence extensively. An entire field of study, known as psychometrics, is devoted to studying and measuring intelligence. But even within that field, experts don’t always agree on exactly what it is or how best to analyze it. And while intelligence is central to genius, not all geniuses score well on intelligence tests or perform well in school. Intelligence testing has existed for thousands of years. The tests we know as IQ tests got their start near the end of the 19th century. Today, IQ tests generally measure a person’s memory as well as language, spatial and mathematical abilities. IQ tests are also standardized so that most people score between 90 and 110. When placed on a graph, the IQ test scores of a large group of people will generally resemble a bell curve, with most people scoring in the average range. A common perception is that anyone scoring above a certain number--often 140--is automatically a genius. But in spite of the existence of high-IQ organizations, many scientists caution that there is no such thing as a genius-level IQ. Many educators and researchers feel that, in general, standardized IQ tests do a good job of predicting how well a child will perform in school. Schools often use these tests to determine which children to place in gifted or special education classes. Most colleges and universities and some employers also use standardized tests as part of their application processes. One of the stereotypes surrounding gifted children is that they have trouble fitting in at school. Several scientific studies suggest that the stereotype has a foundation in reality. A Purdue University study of 423 gifted students suggested that they were susceptible to bullying. A 20-year study of gifted children ending in 1940 suggested that the trend of not fitting in continues into adulthood. The study used a test that measured both verbal intelligence and personal adjustment. People who scored above 140 in verbal intelligence generally had lower personal adjustment scores. However, in spite of their prevalence, these tests are not foolproof. In general, some minorities and people with lower income levels tend to score lower than people from other racial and economic groups. Critics contend that this makes IQ tests invalid or unfair. Others argue that they instead point out unfair ness and prejudice within a society. In addition, some researchers and theorists argue that the IQ test is too limiting and doesn’t really give a full view of a person’s intelligence. These researchers feel that intelligence is a combination of many factors. Geniuses like Einstein are also known for their creativity and productivity--and sometimes for their quirky behavior. There’s a big difference between being really smart and being a genius. While geniuses tend to be exceptionally intelligent, they also use imagination and creativity to invent, discover or create something new within their field of interest. They break now ground rather than simply remembering or reciting existing information. The creativity of geniuses also relates to productivity and hard work. Sometimes, the most dramatic examples of genius involve people who produce their best work at a very young age. However, not every genius produces exceptional work early in life the way Einstein and Mozart did. Some, like Ludwig yon Beethoven, do their best work later in life. We may never know precisely where creativity comes from, why some people use their creativity more than others or why some people are most creative during specific times in their lives. We may not learn how one person ends up with the right balance of brainpower, intelligence and creativity to become a genius. But it’s clear that geniuses are central to advancements in science, technology and understanding. Without geniuses, our understanding of mathematics, literature and music would be completely different. Concepts that we now take for granted, like gravity, planetary orbits and black holes, might still be undiscovered.The genius mentioned here is someone not only with a high IQ but also ______. A．has done something of great influenceB．started his/her career at a young ageC．has eccentric behaviorD．has odd appearance

The library is open every day except Sunday from half past eight in the morning till five in the afternoon.A. 除了在星期日，图书馆上午八点半起至下午五点止开放外，其余时候全天开放。B. 除了星期日以外，图书馆每天上午八点半起至下午五点钟打开。C. 除了星期日以外，图书馆每天上午八点半起至下午五点钟开放。D. 包括星期日在内，图书馆每天上午八点半起至下午五点钟开放。

E-book Price Increase May Stir Readers’ Passions In the battle over the pricing of electronic books, publishers appear to have won the first round. The price of many new releases and best sellers is about to go up, to as much as 14.99 from 9.99. But there may be an insurgency(暴动)waiting to jump: e-book buyers. Over the last year, the eagerest readers of e-books have shown a reflexive hostility to prices higher than the 9.99 set by online retailers for popular titles. When digital editions have cost more, or have been delayed until after the release of hardcover versions, these unpleasant readers have organized boycotts at once and gone to the websites to leave one-star ratings and negative comments for those books and their authors. "This book has been on the shelves for three weeks and is already in the remainder bins," wrote Wayne Fogel of The Villages, Fla., when he left a one-star review of Catherine Coulter’s book "KnockOut" online. " 14.82 for the Kindle version is unbelievable. Some listings online retailers should refuse when the authors are trying to rip off their customers." The angry commenters on online message boards could just be a vocal minority. But now, with e-books scheduled to cost 12.99 to 14.99 under new deals that publishers negotiated with the online retailers, a broader type of customers may resist the new pricing. The higher prices will go into effect within the next few months. Predicting the behavior of consumers is always tricky. In the case of e-books, publishers are hoping that a vast majority of people who have not yet tried e-reading devices will not have any expectation of the low pricing now available from the Internet. They argue that new e-book shoppers will welcome the chance to buy digital editions at a level significantly lower than the typical price tag on a hardcover book. "With the handheld computer, the whole notion of e-book reading is probably going to become way more mainstream than it ever has,"said Harvey Chute, who runs KindleBoards, a popular discussion forum for readers of electronic books. "And a majority of people may be coming to it new, and may only see that they are getting 7 off the price they would see at a bookstore." But some e-book buyers say that since publishers do not have to pay to print, store or distribute e-books, they should be much cheaper than print books. "I just don’t want to be extorted (敲诈) ," said Joshua Levitsky, a computer technician and Kindle owner in New York. "I want to pay what it’s worth. If it costs them nothing to print the paper book, which I can’t believe, then they should be the same price. But I just don’t see how it can be the same price." Just what e-books are worth is a matter of debate. Publishers argue that printing and distribution represents a small proportion of the total cost of making a book. "There are people who don’t always understand what goes into an author writing and an editor editing and a publishing house with hundreds of men and women working on these books, "said Mark Gompertz, executive vice president of digital publishing at Simon Schuster. "If you want something that has no quality to it, fine, but we’re out to bring out things of quality, regardless of what type of book it is." To consumers who do not pay much attention to the economics of publishing, though, such arguments are trumped by the fact that e-books have been available for 9.99 for more than a year. "As far as I’m concerned, some online retailers have committed to the 9.99 price," said Wilma Sanders, a 70- year-old retiree who has homes in Plymouth, Mass., and Marco Island, Fla. She said that if e-book prices rose, she would stop buying. "I’m still a library-goer. There are enough good books out there that I don’t need to pay more than I want to. I already can’t keep up with what I have." Authors have been shocked by some of the violence of the reader protests. "The sense of entitlement of the American consumer is absolutely astonishing," said Douglas Preston, whose novel "Impact" reached as high as No. 4 on the hardcover fiction best-seller list earlier this month. "It’s the Wal-Mart mentality, which in my view is very unhealthy for our country. It’s this notion of not wanting to pay the real price of something." Some online commenters attacked Mr. Preston after his publisher delayed the e-book version of his novel by four months to protect hardcover sales. Mr. Preston said he was not sure whether the protests were influencing his sales. But, he said, "It gives me pause when I get 50 e-mails saying ’ I’m never buying one of your books ever again. I’m moving on, you greedy, greedy author. ’" One reason consumers may be sensitive to pricing is that they have so many other types of entertainment to occupy their time. "Entertainment and media companies keep forgetting that consumers have a choice. They can decide not to buy the book at all," said David Pakman, a venture capitalist and former chief executive of the digital music store eMusic. "They can play a video game, use an iPod Touch." He added: "If you don’t get the price tag right and make it convenient, they just go elsewhere." John Wagoner, a 68-year-old accountant and Kindle owner in Piano, Tex., said that if e-book prices went much higher than 13 he would simply commit his time and dollars to other activities. "They’re just books," said Mr. Wagoner, who left an angry one-star review for Mr. Preston’s novel. "I do other things other than reading." Some analysts say that if consumers balk at (犹豫不前)price increases, piracy could grow rapidly. Joel Waldfogel, a professor of business and public policy at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, saw a comparison with movies, a business where he has studied digital piracy rates. With movies, he said, piracy tends to displace paid consumption. "The real cost of consuming a movie is the two hours of undivided attention you spend," Mr. Waldfogel said. "If people are able to steal a bunch more, they will purchase less, simply because there isn’t time to do all of it." Similarly, with books, he said, "I would be scared to death about a culture of piracy taking hold. I wouldn’t mess around with price increases." Publishers say price levels are not settled by any means and that now, having reached agreements where publishers ― rather than retailers ― set consumer prices, they have an opportunity to test different situations. "We may introduce a book at 14.95 for a year and then move the book to 9.99 when we would have put out the trade paperback edition," said Dominique Raccah, chief executive of Sourcebooks, an independent publisher. "I suspect you’re going to see a fair amount of experimentation." Some e-book buyers are not interested in experiments. Mr. Fogel, who left the one-star review of the Kindle edition of Ms. Coulter’s novel, said he would not pay more than 9.99 for a book. "There are too many very, very good books I haven’t gotten around to reading yet," said Mr. Fogel, a 68-year- old retired management consultant. He added that publishers were likely to see "supply and demand turn back on them". "I think there’s going to be a general resentment of higher prices", he said.What did Douglas Preston think is unhealthy for the country A．Disrespect of the true value of fine works.B．Cheap products consumption tendency.C．Increased bargaining power of the customers.D．Cheap products strategy of the retailers.

Mary has some friends. 31 Betty, Peter, Alice 32 Mike. Mary is the oldest 33 . Betty is thirteen years 34 . She is younger than Mary and older than Peter. Alice is nine and Mike is seven. Betty and Peter are 35 runners. But Peter runs faster. Mary and Betty like to 36 . Mary plays better than Betty. Alice sings 37 of them. Mary and Betty study in a middle school. Alice and Mike study in a primary school. They 38 work hard at school. But Betty works 39 . Her handwriting is good, 40 . 31. A. They are B. It is C. There are 32. A. but B. and C. them. 33. A. in the five B . of five C. of the five 34. A. older B. old C. oldest 35. A. best B. better C. good 36. A. play basketball B. play a basketball C. play the basketball 37. A. good B. better C. best 38. A. six B. all C. both 39. A. hard B. harder C. hardest 40. A. too B. two C. at

阅读理解 (本题共计3小题,总分30分)18.(10分)AI was filled with doubts and worries until my grandfather told me to stand tall.For me,height was my trouble.I was much taller than other girls,so I often bent(弯曲) my body at the back of the line.I had always felt unsafe as the tallest student of my class in Bala Cynwyd.And I wasn't looking forward to entering the ninth grade.My grandfather didn't laugh at me.Instead,whenever I tried to bend myself in order to appear shorter,he would tell me “Stand straight and tall,Alisa.” I trusted my grandfather more than anyone else in my childhood.And whenever I was afraid of something,he always told me stories of his life.My grandfather grew up in war-torn(战乱的)Europe.“ Stand straight,stand tall ” meant something else then.After the war,he went to America.He lived a hard life,“If they could do it,why couldn't I?”“Stand straight,stand tall,”he often reminded(提醒) himself.Thanks to the help of a friend,my grandfather got a job.He once told me that he was very nervous at first.He was not only trying to learn this hard new job but also a new language.“Stand straight,stand tall,” he would always tell himself.I am so proud of my grandfather.After listening to my grandfather's unusual experiences,I have changed the way I look at my own life.“Stand straight,stand tall” has become not only a piece of advice to improve my posture(身姿).It also tells me to be proud of who I am.And I do.( )46.Alisa often bent her body because ________.A.she lived a hard lifeB.she was much taller than other girlsC.she always stood at the back of the lineD.she didn't want to enter the 9th grade( )47.What did Alisa's grandfather do with her trouble?A.He laughed at her.B.He asked her to bend her body.C.He told her to stand straight and tall.D.He advised her to stay away from her friends.( )48.Alisa's grandfather's experiences ________.A.made her feel unsafeB.taught her to accept herselfC.changed her attitude(态度) to her grandfatherD.told her his success completely depended on his friends( )49.“Stand straight,stand tall” means ________ in the passage.A.making yourself look tall B.taking care of yourselfC.being proud of yourself D.reminding yourself( )50. What's the best title for this passage?A.Stand Straight,Stand Tall B.My Grandfather's Life StoriesC.My Colorful Experiences D.The Help of a Friend19.(10分)BNearly all students feel both nervous and excited when their big day comes.On the big day,there will be the graduation ceremony.Students will wear graduation costumes and hats that day.Parents,relatives and friends may also be invited to the ceremony.When students enter the hall of the ceremony,they will see lots of other schoolmates.They will see that all of them are wearing some costumes and hats.This makes them feel that it is a very important and extraordinary day.This kind of feeling is rather hard to describe.It would be better to understand if one can personally experience this.As soon as the ceremony starts,the schoolmaster will give a speech.After the speech,the students will be called to go on stage(舞台) to receive their certificates (证书).This should be the most important part of the whole ceremony.During this moment,most students start to feel nervous,since hundreds of people are watching them.However,this is also the most wonderful moment for them.This marks a very important moment in their lives,as they have finally finished their school years.Besides that,this moment also shows they are going to move on to a new stage of life.( )51.What does the big day refer to?A.The time when students graduate. B.The time when school holds parents meeting.C.The time when the new term begins. D.The time when students come in the hall.( )52.What does the underlined word “extraordinary” mean in Chinese?A.奇怪的 B.消极的 C.特别的 D.额外的( )53.How do most students feel when they go on stage to receive their certificates?A.Excited. B.Nervous. C.Afraid. D.Comfortable.( )54.Why is the graduation ceremony important to students?A.Because it helps students get to know themselves better.B.ecause it helps students find better jobs.C.Because it helps students do better in their future study.D.Because it shows a new stage of life for students.( )55.What can we know from the passage?A.Parents must wear graduation hats to join the graduation ceremony.B.People needn't study after they finish their school years.C.Students have different feelings during their graduation ceremony.D.The schoolmaster gives a speech at the end of the graduation ceremony.20.(10分)CBecause of the coronavirus we couldn't go back to school. But I tried to make my life at home exciting during the holiday.I often listened to music after finishing my schoolwork. Because of this, I learned about a lot of new songs and excellent singers. Listening to music can make me relaxed and keep my mood light.I watched the news every night. It can help me understand the world. The news tells me the strength of our motherland and the difficulties some parts of the world face. From this, I learned that peace is important.On weekends, I sometimes watched movies, such as The Shawshank Redemption(《肖申克的救赎》)and Forrest Gump(《阿甘正传》). These movies are very educational. They taught me not to give up. I like them very much.Even if I couldn't go out, I still played sports. Sometimes I went to the gym(健身房)downstairs. I ran and did strength training. I think exercise is the best way to relax my mind and body, so I'm still exercising.I also developed a new hobby—I planted a pot(盆)of flowers. Because of my care, it is growing very well now. I think growing flowers can cultivate(培养)my sense__of__responsibility.During this period of time, I learned a lot and felt a lot. It was a colourful and meaningful time.( )56.Why couldn't the writer go back to school?A. Because he was tired of schooling. B. Because it wasn't time for school.C. Because the coronavirus broke out. D. Because he wanted to learn more at home.( )57.What did the writer do at home during the epidemic(疫情)?Listened to music. b. Did homework. c. Watched movies. d. Planted a lot of trees.A. abc B. acd C. bcd D. abd( )58.What did the writer think about the news?A. It could make him relaxed. B. It could keep his mood light.C. It could make him feel peaceful. D. It could help him know the world.( )59.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?Forrest Gump is an educational movie.B. The writer jogged at the gym every day.C. The writer lived a colourful life at home.D. Exercise is the best way to relax mind and body.( )60.What does the underlined phrase “sense of responsibility” mean in Chinese?A. 责任感 B. 成就感 C. 鉴赏力 D. 想象力

26.（2.0分）下列与come相关的短语翻译正确的是（）。A. come by上演B. come about发生C. come down降下D. come off从...掉落

合同条款中装运时间较为适宜的有(）A. Shipment on Dec.31, 2018B. Shipment before the end of Dec., 2018C. Shipment within 30days after receipt of L/CD. Shipment during

Some radio signals were heard in 1967．They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star．They were coming very regularly，too-about once a second，as if they were controlled by clock．The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else．They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people．The signals were coming from a very small body-no bigger，perhaps than the earth．Was that why no light could be seen from it？Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star？There was no end to the questions，but the scientists kept the news secret．"Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there．"they thought，"who are trying to send messages to other planets，or to us？So the news was not given to the newspaper．Instead，the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them．Well，all that happened in 1967 and 1968．Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange，regular，radio signals．And they have told the story，of course．The signals do not come from a planet； they come from a new kind of star called a"pulsar"（脉冲星）．Pulsars are strong radio stars．They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present．And we can be sure of this：no intelligent beings are living on them．Until now over a hundred other pulsars have been found，and most of them are very like the first one．Recently，Chinese researchers have discovered six pulsars，which are super heavy remains of massive stars，using its Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope，known as FAST，thus opening a"new era of Chinese original space discovery"．Li Di，the telescope's deputy chief engineer，said FAST is set to be fully operational by the end of 2019．Meanwhile，scientists there will continue to test FAST and cooperate with foreign scientists on space exploration．32．The radio signals discussed in this passage ____ ．A．were regularB．were controlled by a clockC．were heard in 1967 onlyD．were secret messages33．The scientists did not tell people about the signals because ____ ．A．the signals stood for secret messagesB．people might be frightenedC．the signals stood for unimportant messagesD．people would ask them too many questions34．A pulsar ____ ．A．is a well-known satelliteB．is a small and light starC．has intelligent beings that were known at that timeD．is a small heavy star sending out strong radio signals35．Which of the following is TRUE？ ____ A．The radio signals were sent by a sky body which was known at that time．B．Scientists have searched for pulsars for many years but found none．C．Chinese researchers have discovered six pulsars using FAST．D．Now is the new era of Chinese space discovery with perfect FAST．

Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English.1. 年轻人有时会抱怨无法和父母沟通。2. 能在中国云南的一个苗家村落住下来一直是玛丽很久以来的梦想，现在她终于梦想成真了。3. 他突然有种恐惧感，觉得自己会因为经济不景气而被公司裁员。4.我估计公交路线上堵车了，因为我都等了30分钟也没见一辆车开过去。

The old couple live ______ their nursery garden.A. ontoB. intoC. offD. over