We all havefirst impression of someone we just met. But why？Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything abouthim or her aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits(特点)？The answer isrelated to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is sosensitive in picking up facial traits. Even very minor difference in how aperson's eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makesyou see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processesincoming sensory information the sights and sounds of your world. Theseincoming signals are compared against a host of "memories" stored inthe brain areas called the cortex(皮质)systemto determine what these new signals "mean". If you seesomeone you know and like at school, your brain says "familiar andsafe". If you see someone new, it says, "new and potentiallythreatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this strangerswith other "known" memories. The more unfamiliar the characteristics,the more your brain may say, "This is new, I don't like this person"Or else," I'm intrigued(好奇的)".Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures -like your other friends；soyour brain says："I likethis person". But these preliminary impressions can be dead wrong. When westereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of avery young child) that makessimplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about thedepth and breadth of people - their history, interest, values, strengths ,andtrue character ，we categorizethem as jocks(骗子),peeks(反常的人),or freaks(怪人)。However, if weresist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of whata person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or herlife, hopes, dreams, and become aware of our cortex, which allow us to behumane. 1.Our firstimpression of someone new is influenced by his or her. A. pastexperience. B. character. C. facialfeatures. D. hobbies. 2.If you meet astranger with familiar gestures, your brain is most likely to say A. "He isfamiliar and safe." B. "Heis new and potentially threatening." C."I likethis person." D."This is new, I don't like this person." 3.Our thinkingis not mature enough when we stereotype people because A. we neglecttheir depth and breadth. B. they are notall jocks, peeks, or freaks. C. our thinkingis similar to that of a very young child. D. our judgmentis always wrong. 4.Which of thefollowing statements best expresses the main idea of the passage？ A. One'sphysical appearance can influence our first impression. B. Our firstimpression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain. C. Stereotypicalimpressions can be dead wrong. D. We shouldadopt mature thinking when getting to know people.

Being an orphan （孤儿） is difficult；however，being an animal orphan can be deadly. This season，the Volunteers for Wildlife Rehabilitation Center in Locust Valley took in six young red-tailed hawks （鹰）.If we could get these birds back with their parents，they would have a better chance of surviving.However，we couldn't find their nests or parents. But there was another way to help them：foster （寄养的） parenting.But we must place the orphans with other adult pairs before nesting season ended in early July.It's not always easy.Hawk nests are often 40 or 50 feet high in trees.What's more，not all birds will accept foster chicks.So we paid close attention to the research by experts before moving chicks. That day，we happily knew of a nest that was still active at Bethpage State Park!There was one chick in the nest.And the young bird was going to fly but was still in the nest and being fed. So we decided to move one of our orphan birds.I drove the bucket truck to the nest tree；Lauren，my workmate，held our chick.And up we three went in the bucket.We worked fast，for the wild parents might be back soon，and the female hawk could be aggressive! To make sure the adults had accepted their new child，I came by later in the day and the next morning.Oh，they had!The chick was just fed up and the adult female hawk sat nearby，staring at me closely. The results were so encouraging and we tried it again!A week later ，we successfully placed another chick in the same nest. The adult hawks now had three children to care for，one theirs and two foster chicks.It was heartwarming to see the two animal orphans living in their new loving family!（1）What was the problem for the volunteers？ ____ A.They didn't know how to feed the orphans.B.Many chicks died before nesting season ended.C.No birds would like to foster other parents' chicks.D.They couldn't find the animal orphans' homes.（2）Why did they place the orphans with other adult pairs？ ____ A.To do some research on the chicks.B.To help the orphans find their parents quickly.C.To let the orphans get a better chance of surviving.D.To look for a big tree for the orphans to nest.（3）The underlined word "aggressive" in paragraph five probably refers to ____ .A.worriedB.relaxedC.dangerousD.forgetful（4）What can we know about the nest at Bethpage State Park？ ____ A.The adult hawks had three their chicks to look after.B.The young bird was still fed in the nest.C.The wild parents were always watching closely near-the.nest.D.The adult female hawk was much kinder to people.（5）What did the author think of the result？ ____ A.Pleasing.B.Challenging.C.Tiring.D.Hopeful.

Both international and domestic visitors in the UK should pay tourist tax so as to ____. Nicola Sturgeon's speech last Tuesday setting out the Scottish government’s legislative programme for the year ahead confirmed what was already pretty clear. Scottish councils are set to be the first in the UK with the power to levy charges on visitors, with Edinburgh likely to lead the way. Tourist taxes are not new. The Himayalan kingdom of Bhutan has a longstanding policy of charging visitors a daily fee. France’s tax on overnight stays was introduced to assist thermal spa (温泉) towns to develop, and around half of French local authorities use it today. But such levies are on the rise. Moves by Barcelona and Venice to deal with the phenomenon of “over-tourism” through the use of charges have gained prominence. Japan and Greece are among the countries to have recently introduced tourist taxes. That the UK lags behind is due to our weak, by international standards, local government, as well as the opposition to taxes and regulation of our aggressively pro-market ruling party. Some UK cities have lobbied without success for the power to levy a charge on visitors. Such levies are no universal remedy as the amounts raised would be tiny compared with what has been taken away by central government since 2010. Still, it is to be hoped that the Scottish government’s bold move will prompt others to act. There is no reason why visitors to the UK, or domestic tourists on holiday in hotspots such as Cornwall, should be exempt from taxation—particularly when vital local services including waste collection, park maintenance and arts and culture spending are under unprecedented strain. On the contrary, compelling tourists to make a financial contribution to the places they visit beyond their personal consumption should be part of a wider cultural shift. Westerners with disposable incomes have often behaved as if they have a right to go wherever they choose with little regard for the consequences. Just as the environmental harm caused by aviation and other transport must come under far greater scrutiny, the social cost of tourism must also be confronted. This includes the impact of short-term lets on housing costs and quality of life for residents. Several European capitals, including Paris and Berlin, are leading a campaign for tougher regulation by the European Union. It also includes the impact of overcrowding, litter and the kinds of behaviour associated with noisy parties. There is no "one size fits all" solution to this problem. The existence of new revenue streams for some but not all councils is complicated, and businesses are often opposed, fearing higher costs will make them uncompetitive. But those places that want them must be given the chance to make tourist taxes work.A、elevate its tourism to international standards.B、improve the welfare of its maintenance workers.C、promote its cultural exchange with other nations.D、ease its financial burden of providing local services.

短语1. 回来_____2. 照顾_____3. 关心；在意_____4. 他们走路的方式_____5. 来自_____6. 给某人某物_____7. 对...有好处_____8. 看起来像；长得像_____9. 很吓人_____10. ...的象征之一_____11. 生活在泰国_____12. 好运的象征_____13. 与...不同_____14. 与...相同_____15. 有大大的耳朵和长长的象鼻_____无论如何_____16. 捡起；拾起_____17. 用他们的鼻子提重的东西_____18. 在某些方面_____19. 记得做过某事_____20. 记得要去做某事_____21. 照顾其他的大象_____22. 互相_____23. 处于危险当中_____24. 砍伐大量的树木_____25. 为了他们的象牙而杀死大象_____26. 保护森林_____27. 由象牙制成的东西_____28. 太多(+可数n.)_____29. 太多(+不可数n.)_____30. 帮助我探路_____31. 友好的朋友_____32. 一点也不；完全不_____

4. (1.0分) Is Shanghai the () city in China?--- No. It's Chongqing.A. bigB. biggerC. largeD. biggest

What is considered a less obvious advantage of smartphone technology? On Jan. 9, 2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple’s “revolutionary mobile phone”— a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch. It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe. As smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: Are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep? Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the implications for privacy? But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral science. That’s because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s behavior and environment. Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks. Such studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time, with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing populationwide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate the need for some form of intervention—such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression. Smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts. So here’s another way in which smartphones might transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science.A、It systematically records real human interactions.B、It helps people benefit from technological advances.C、It brings people into closer contact with each other.D、It greatly improves research on human behavior.

and West was given the name "Silk Road on the Sea" by a Japanese scholar in 1967. There are two major routes - East China Sea Route and South China Sea Route.Guangzhou represented the starting point of the South China Sea Route, which extended across the Indian Ocean and then to countries around the Persian Gulf. The exported goods included porcelain, textiles, and spices.Through Silk Road on the Sea, ____ was / were imported to China.A Indian teaB many flowersC stained glassesD Western porcelain

Strange it seems we have never properly sat down and talked about this issue.(2022)A. in spiteB. despiteC. evenD. though

Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 【小题1】 .In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. 【小题2】 _ .The process of urbanization--- the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 【小题3】 . Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 【小题4】 .Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city. Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 【小题5】 _ . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers. A．That kept cities very small. B．The rest live in small towns. C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D．Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies. E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities. F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.

【题文】It is fashionable today to criticize Big Business, and there is one issue on which the many critics agree: CEO pay. We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too much relative to workers) , or that they control others’ pay, or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes. But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up---top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation-from the 350 largest such companies-now makes about 18.9 million a year.While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so trapped in corruption (腐败). In fact, overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in line with the value of those companies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of Americans highest-earning 1 % have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It’s not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U. S. economy.Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to “run the company.” CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can cause a bad consequence. Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly incredible.There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for instance, may focus on R&D in highly IT- intensive areas such as genome sequencing (基因组序列). Similarly, it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars ； you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI (计算机生成图像) products for cartoon movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done- which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs are some of the world’s most powerful creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.【小题1】Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A．The growth in the number of cooperationB．The general pay rise with a better economyC．Increased business opportunities for top firmsD．Close cooperation among leading economics【小题2】Compared with their predecessors, today’s CEOs are required to ________.A．foster a stronger sense of teamworkB．finance more research and developmentC．establish closer ties with tech companiesD．operate more globalized companies【小题3】The meaning of the underlined word “slipup” (line 5, paragraph 4) is close to ________.A．operationB．successC．mistakeD．promotion【小题4】The most suitable title for this text would be ________.A．CEOs Are Not OverpaidB．CEO Pay: Past and PresentC．CEOs’ Challenges of TodayD．CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define.