【题目】-|||-同读理解-|||-Polyester(聚酯)is now being used for bottles.ICl,the-|||-hemicals and plastics company,believes-|||-hat it is now beginning to break the control of glass on the bottle-|||-usiness and thus take advantage of-|||-his huge market.-|||-All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard-|||-imes as their traditional products have-|||-een doing badly worldwide for the last few years.Between 1982-|||-nd 1984 the Plastics Division of-|||-CI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars,and they felt-|||-hat the most hopeful new market was-|||-n packaging, bottles and cans.-|||-Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing-|||-Melinar",the raw material from which-|||-igh quality polyester bottles are made.-|||-The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s,when soft drinks-|||-ompanies like Coca Cola started-|||-elling their drinks in giant two liter containers.Because of the-|||-uild-up of the pressure of gas in these-|||-arge containers, glass was unsuitable.Nor was PVC. the plastic-|||-vhich had been used for bottles since-|||-he 1960s,suitable for drinks with gas in them.A new plastic had-|||-o be made.-|||-Glass Is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue-|||-o be so upless oll and plastic become-|||-nuch cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.-|||-Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable.The nanufacturers-|||-laim they are also lighter,less noisy-|||-when being handled,and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other-|||-usiness people are unlikely to object-|||-o a change from glass to polyester,since these bottles mean few-|||-reakages, which are costly and-|||-ime-consumlng.The public,though, have been more difficult to-|||-ersuade. ICI`s commercial department-|||-s developing different bottles with interesting shapes,to try and-|||-nake them visually more attractive to-|||-he public.-|||-The next step could be to develop a plastic which could-|||-eplace tins for food.The problem here is-|||-he high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the-|||-ontainer.-|||-Plastics of various kinds have been used for making-|||-ottles __ →-|||-.since the 1970s but only for large bottles-|||-.since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them-|||-).since companies like Coca Cola first tried them-|||-.since 1982-|||-.Why is ICl`s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?-|||-.The other things they make are not selling well.-|||-.Glass manufact cturers cannot make enough new bottles.-|||-.They have factories which could be adapted to make it.-|||-).The price of oil keeps changing.-|||-.Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass-|||-ottles because they __ _,-|||-.are cheaper-|||-.are more suited to small sizes-|||-.are more exciting to look at-|||-).do not break easily-|||-.Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as-|||-ans. __ .-|||-.have been used for many years-|||-.are an idea that interests the plastics companies-|||-.are possible,but only for hot food-|||-.are the first things being made in the new factories

When Sally Ride was ten years old, she had no idea that she would some day grow up to be one of America’s first woman astronauts. In fact, if you had asked her then what wanted to be, she would have said, “ I want to play shortstop for the Los Angeles Dodgers.” Sally collected baseball cards by the boxful, and she knew the name and batting average (击球率)of every player in the National League.But major league baseball didn’t seem much of a possibility for a girl, even an athletic one like Sally, so her father and mother talked her into taking tennis lessons when she was twelve. At first she hated to trade in her baseball bat for a tennis racket, but it wasn’t long before she started to win tournaments in her new sport. “ Tennis became much more fun when I started winning,” Sally remembers. Soon a row of trophies （奖牌）replaced her box of baseball cards, and tennis star Billie Jean King replaced Dodger shortstop Maury Wills as her sports idol.Sally first became interested in the space program in 1962 when astronaut John Glenn orbited the earth in his Mercury space capsule. Sally was ten years old at the time, but she remembers the launch and the splashdown (掉落) as if they happened yesterday. The girl who used to memorize batting averages became a space fan. She quickly learned the name of every NASA astronaut(there were only eight of them in 1962), the date of every launch, and the name and number of every spacecraft from Freedom 7 to Skylab 3. She could tell you the speed of light (186,300 miles per second), the distance to the moon (238,860 miles), and the names of the three nearest stars( the Sun, Alpha Centauri, and Barnard’s Star).By the time she was sixteen, Sally had decided to become an astrophysicist, a scientist who studies space. She had also become a nationally ranked tennis player. She remembers yawning（打哈欠） through an important tennis match on June 20, 1969, after staying up all night to watch Neil Armstrong’s first steps on the moon. Sally lost the match.As Sally got older, many of her friends started playing professional tennis. Some of them tried to talk her into quitting school to join them on the professional tennis circuit. But Sally said no. “ Black holes are more interesting to me than backhands,” she told them. Now she knows that she made the right choice, but in 1970 Sally had no way of knowing that NASA would open the space program to women.【小题1】At the age of twelve, Sally Ride ________.A．was interested in playing tennisB．was persuaded into taking tennis trainingC．began to become interested in spaceD．decided to become an astrophysicist【小题2】Sally Ride lost the match on June, 1969 just because________.A．she was tiredB．she couldn’t decide whether to be an astrophysicistC．she couldn’t decide whether to take part in a professional tennis circuitD．she wasn’t interested in tennis【小题3】From the story we know that Sally ________.A．had been a professional baseball playerB．had never been a professional playerC．had never been a woman astrophysicistD．wasn’t interested in space program【小题4】A capsule is ________. A．the name of the neareast starB．a place where the American astronauts and the crew workC．a place where astronauts and the crew are trainedD．a container of the crew and astronauts detached(分离) from a rocket【小题5】Which of the following is True according to the passage?A．According to the story, Sally Ride is a woman astrophysicist.B．The ambition of becoming a woman astronaut was made in Sally’s childhood.C．Freedom 7 and Skylab 3 are the names of the nearest stars.D．Sally didn’t quit her schooling at the time as she knew sooner or later NASA would hire woman astronaut.

Listening: compound dictation That was the strap line of the 2002 film Catch Melf You Can which tells the story of Frank Abagnale.Jr . ( Leonardo DiCaprio ) a brilliant young master of [ 填空1 ] ) who at different nes impersonated a doctor , a lawyer , and an airplane pilot , forging checks [ 填空2 ] more than six million dollars in 26 countries . He became the youngest man to ever make the FBI s most-wanted list for forger . Hunted and [ 填空 3 ] in the film by fictional FBI agent Carl Hanratty ( Tom Hanks ) , Abagnale later escaped . He [ 填空 4 ) became a consultant for the FBI where he focused on white-collar [ 填空 5 ] . It sa great film , but could it [ 填空句 ] in real life In fact , Catch Me if You Can is based on the true story of Frank Abagnale , whose [ 填空 7 ] as a fraud ster lasted about six years before he was caught , who escaped from custody three times ( once through an airplane [ 填空 8 ] ) , and who spent a total of six years in prison in France , Sweden and the US . He now runs a consultancy [ 填空 9 ] the world of business how to avoid fraud . He has raised enough money to pay back all his [ 填空 10 ] , and is now a multimillionaire.

The earliest process of making paper was done almost 5,000 years ago in Egypt and the Nile Valley. In those days, paper was made from strips of the papyrus plant. Modern paper-making began in China about 2,000 years ago. This process produced paper from cloth, straw, wood or the bark of trees. The raw materials are struck over and over until they become loose. Then they are mixed with water. After the water has been removed, the flat, thin form remaining is permitted to dry. This becomes a sheet of paper. Large machines started to be used for making paper near the end of the 16th century. Today, paper-making is a big business. But it is still possible to make paper by hand, since the steps are the same as using big machines. You should choose paper with small amounts of printing. Old envelopes are good for this reason. Colored paper also can be used, as well as small amounts of newspaper. Small pieces of rags or cloth can be added. These should be cut into pieces about 5 centimeters by 5 centimeters. Everything is placed in a container, covered with water, and brought to a boil. It is mixed for about 2 hours with some common chemicals and then allowed to cool. Then it is left until most of the water dries up. The substance left, called pulp, can be stored until you are ready to make paper. When you are ready, the pulp is mixed with water again. Then the pulp is poured into a special box or mold. The mold is made of small squares of wire that hold the shape and thickness of the paper. To help dry the paper, the mold lets the water flow through the small wire squares. After several more drying steps, the paper is carefully lifted back from the mold. It is now strong enough to be touched. The paper is smoothed and pressed to remove trapped air. You can use a common electric iron used for pressing clothes.What is mentioned about the earliest process of making paper A. Its procedures.B. Its influences.C. Its purposes.D. Its materials.

Insurance companies provide a service to the community by protecting it against expected and unexpected disasters. Before an insurance company will agree to insure anything, it collects accurate figures about the risk. It knows, for example, that the risk of a man being killed in a plane accident is less than the risk he takes in crossing a busy road. This enables it to quote(报价) low figures for travel insurance. Sometimes the risk may be high, as in motor-racing or mountaineering. Then the company charges a much higher price. If too many climbers have accidents, the price rises further. If the majority of climbers fall off mountains, the company will refuse to insure them. An ordinary householder may wish to protect his home against fire or his property against burglary(入室行窃). A shopkeeper may wish to insure against theft. In normal cases, the company will check its statistics and quote a premium(保险费). If it is suspicious(可疑的), it may refuse to quote. If it insures a shop and then receives a suspicious claim, it will investigate the claim as a means of protecting itself against false claims. It is not unknown for a businessman in debt to burn down his own premises so that he can claim much money from his insurance company. He can be sure that the fire will be investigated most carefully. Insurance companies also accept insurance against shipwreck or disaster in the air. Planes and ships are very expensive, so a large premium is charged, but a reduction is given to companies with an accident-free record. Every week, insurance companies receive premium payments from customers. These payments can form a very large total running into millions of dollars. The company does not leave the money in the bank. It invests (投资) in property, shares (股票) , farms and even paintings and stamps. Its aim is to obtain the best possible return on its investment. This is not as greedy as it may seem since this is one way by which it can keep its premiums down and continue to make a profit while being of service to the community. (1). The main idea of the first paragraph is that . A.insurance companies protect the community against disasters B.insurance companies often collect accurate figures about the risk C.insurance companies base their decisions on the risk involved D.insurance companies charge different prices in the same cases (2). The insurance company will usually investigate a suspicious claim to . A.refuse to quote the insurance fee B.make sure that the claim is reasonable C.decide how much the company should pay D.find out when the accident happened (3). The underlined word "premises" in Paragraph 2 most probably means" " A.land and buildings B.insurance contract C.debt papers D.financial papers (4). The author's attitude towards customers' premium payments being used by insurance companies is _____ A.critical B.doubtful C.neutral D.positive (5). The purpose of this passage is to _____ A.explain how insurance companies operate B.encourage people to invest in insurance companies C.persuade people to insure against unexpected disasters D.advise people how to insure their life and property

They built a fireplace to heat the small flat, but there were nights when the fire _ and they shivered under the blanket.A. went outB. went inC. went upD. went away

Section B-|||-Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attacked to it.Each statement contains-|||-information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose-|||-a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding-|||-letter on Answer Sheet 2.-|||-Green Growth-|||-A)The enrichment of previously poor countries is the most inspiring development of our time.It is also worrying.The-|||-nvironment is already under strain.What will happen when the glabal population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3-|||-billion in 2050,asdemogrophers(人口统计学家)cxp and a growing proportion of these people can afford goods-|||-that were once reserved for the elite?Can the planet support so much cconomic activity?-|||-B)Many policymakers adop a and Westem-centric approa such planetary problems.They discuss ambitious-|||-regulations in global forums,or look to giant multinationals and wealthy NGOs to set an example.But since most people-|||-live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more-|||-sustainable.-|||-C)Anew study by the World Economic Forum(WEF)and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG)identifies 16 cmerging--|||-market firms that they say are tuming cconnessicssim of competitive advantage These highly profitable-|||-companies (which the study calls"the new sustainability champi are using greenery to reduce costs,motivate-|||-workers and forge relationships.Their home grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything-|||-cooked up in the West.-|||-D)The most outstanding quality of these companic that they turn limitations (of resources labor and infrastructure)-|||-opportunities.Thus,India`s Shree Cement,which has long suffered from water shortages,developed the world`s most-|||-water-efficient method for making cement,in part by using air-cooling rather than water-cooling Manila Water,a utility-|||-in the Philippines,reduce the amount of water it was losing,through wastage and illegal tapping,from 63%in 1997 to-|||-12%in2010 by making water affordable for the poor.Broad Group,Chinese maker of air conditioners, taps the waste-|||-heat from buildings to power its machines.Zhangzidao Fishe Group, a Chinese aquacuture(水产养殖)company-|||-recycles uneaten fish feed to fertilize crops.-|||-E)Setting green goals is a common practice Sekem,an Egyptian food producer, set itself the task o I cultivating desert land-|||-through organic farming Florida Ice&Farm,a Costa Rican food and drink company, has adopted strict standards for the-|||-amount of water it can consume in producing drin-|||-F)These firms measure themselves by their greenery,too.Florida Ice & Farm,for example, links 60% of its boss`s pay-|||-to the triple bottom line of "people,planet and profit"The sustainability champi encourage their workers t-|||-come up with green ideas.Natura,a Brazilian cosmetics compa gives bonuses to staff who find ways to reduce the-|||-firm`s impact on the cnvironment.Masisa, a Chilean forestry company,invites employees to "ima unimaginable-|||-businesses"aimed at poore consumers.Woolwhe,a South African retailer,claims that many of its best green ideas-|||-have come from staff, not bosses.-|||-G)In emerging markets it is hard for companies to stick to one specialism,because they have to worry about so many-|||-wider problems,from humble infrastructure to unreliable supply chains.So the sustainability champions seek to shape-|||-the business environment which they operate.They lobby(游说)regulators Gnupo Balbo,a Brazilian o-|||-producer, is working with the Brazilian govemment to establish a certificat system for organic products.They form-|||-partnerships with governm and NGOs.Kenya`s Equity Bank has formed an alliance with groups such as The-|||-International Fund for Agricultural Development reduce its risks when lending to smallholders.Natura has worked-|||-with its suppliers to produce sustainable packaging,including a new "green" plastic derived from sugar cane.-|||-H)The firms also work hard to reach and educate poor consumers, often sacrificing short-term pr to create future-|||-markets.Masisa organizes local carpenters into networks and connects them to low -income furniture buyers.Broad-|||-Group has developed a miniature device for measuring air pollution that can fit into mobile phones.Jain Irrigation,an-|||-Indian maker of irrigation systems,uses dance and song to explain the benefits of drip irrigation to farmers who can`t-|||-read.Suntech,a Chinese solar-power company,has established a low-carbon museum to celebrate ways of reducing-|||-carbon-dioxide emissions.-|||-Rich because green,or green because rich?-|||-1)One could disagree with BCG`s analysis.Phil Rosenzweig of Switzerland`s IMD busines school has argued that-|||-management writers are prone to"the halo effect": they treat the temporary success of a company as proof that it has-|||-discovered some eternal principle of good management. The fact that some successful companies have cmbraced-|||-greenery does not prove that greenery makes a firm successful Some firms,having prospered,find they can afford to-|||-go green. Some successful firms pursue greenery for public -relations purposes.And for every sustainable cmergin-|||-champion,there are surely 100 firms that have prospered by releasing waste gas into the air or pumping toxins into-|||-rivers.-|||-1)Nonetheless,the central message of the WEF-BCG study--that some of the best emerging world companies are-|||-combining profits with greenery-is thought-provo Many critics of environmentalism argue that it is a rich world-|||-luxury: that the poor need adequate food before they need super-clean air.Some even see greenery as a rich -world trick:-|||-the West grew rich by industrializing (polluting),but now wants to stop the rest of the world from following suit.-|||-The WEF-BCG report demonstrates that such fears are overblown.Emerging-world can be just as green as-|||-their Westem rivals.Many have found that,when natural resources are scarce and consumers lack money,greenery can-|||-be a profitable business strat-|||-36.An air-conditioner manula the waste heat from buildings to supply its machines with power.-|||-37.Many critics of environmentalism hold view that greenery is a rich-world luxury because that`s not what the poor-|||-people badly want.-|||-38.Workers of the sustainality champion are motivated to bring forward green ideas.-|||-39.It is meaningful to study what successful companies in the emerging world are doing to achieve more sustainable growth,-|||-since most people live there.-|||-40.It is difficult for companies in emerging markets to keep focusing on one specific problem because they have many wider-|||-problems to worry about-|||-41.Although some successful firms have embraced greenery, it doc mean that greenery will lead to the success of a-|||-firm.-|||-42.It will probably be easier for companics to follow the home-grown ideas than those invented in the West.-|||-43. It has been found that greenery can be profitable when natural resources are scarce and consumers are short of cash.-|||-44.Sekem,which produces food in Egypt,set a goal to cultivate desert land through organic farming.-|||-45.To create future markets, the firms also make effort to reach and educate poor consumers,often at the cost of short -term-|||-profits.

【题目】Continuous learning benef us in m-|||-any ways . First of all, it allows the increa-|||-se in knowledge and ability in our career. Fo-|||-r example, watching someone work can make-|||-us a better worker,(1) For example, w-|||-e can learn about the general wor force and h-|||-ow the application process works to better prep-|||-are us for job searching . T his can help if f-|||-or some reason you lose your job and need to-|||-find other work.-|||-What`s more, continuous learning can op-|||-en our mind.Having an open mind and willi-|||-ngness to take on new ideas can do wonder-|||-s.First of all it builds your attitude toward-|||-s change. (2) Second, when you take-|||-continuous learning into account, you can beg-|||-in to understand how others feel about a parti-|||-cular issue.-|||-(3) They are always looking for new-|||-_-|||-experiences and do different things. Moreove-|||-r,they not only have knowledge on various to-|||-pics that aren`t always related to present roles-|||-but also know about the latest trends and tech-|||-nologies in the industry .-|||-To develop continuous learning, you have-|||-to begin with setting a clear and specific goa-|||-l.(4) Once your goal is set, build a sy-|||-stem to help support your strategy .You want-|||-to be looking for different sources of in forma-|||-tion,but also to be picky about it, In other-|||-words,try to learn within your specific field-|||-but ensure the information is coming from a-|||-trustworthy source. At the same time,do u-|||-se tools to help improve your learning syste-|||-m.(5) Seminars(研讨会)workshops,-|||-and live classes are the tools that modern lea-|||-rners need as they make learning effective .-|||-A.Learning can improve other areas in our-|||-lives .-|||-B.Besides,learning can prepare us for t-|||-he unexpected .-|||-C.If always learning, you are always im-|||-proving .-|||-D.Ercellent continuous learners behave in-|||-a specific manner.-|||-E.Being excited about change can affect o-|||-thers around you positively .-|||-F.There are various tools to help you pres-|||-ent information and learning .-|||-G.Knowing what you want to achieve can-|||-encourage you to keep learning .

Mythology refers to a collection of independent myths.A. 正确B. 错误

Food insecurity is a defining characteristic of life for many of the world's poorest people. Emergency food aid has been the major international responses to crises, such as drought and famine for decades. However, it is much better that the emergency is addressed before it happens. Communities living in countries most affected by food shortages have long known about the key role that trees can play in reducing the need for conventional aid. The "famine food" of trees can keep drought-hit communities alive when all other food crops fail.The effects of climate change are making droughts more of a norm than an exception. This is a pattern that places some of the most vulnerable (脆弱的) communities in an increasingly unstable position when it comes to meeting basic food needs. By the time shortages and hunger in countries like Burkina Faso reach "emergency" levels and warrant (准许，授权) aid; families, communities, agricultural practices and lands will have suffered greatly. The G8 summit held in Italy at the beginning of July pledged 20 billion to support native food production to reduce the need for such emergency food aid. What is missing from this pledge is any mention of the key role that trees can play. "Conventional" crops are often not native and require expensive inputs, significant irrigation and land preparation in order to produce a successful harvest. This means that they are more vulnerable to droughts. For farmers in Africa's drylands, a failed harvest can mean months of malnutrition (营养不良) and hardship. Trees, on the other hand, often survive when other crops fail. Commonly seen by the West as "famine foods", tree foods already form a significant part of daily diets across rural Africa. Trees provide fruits, nuts, seeds, leaves, flowers, which can all be used as food. Data shows that nursing mothers produce more milk when they add Moringa leaves to their diet. The leaves can be dried and eaten during the hungry period, and animal fodder (饲料) from trees is also vital in producing milk and meat. This existing localised "emergency relief", is what the G8 funding must seek to strengthen.1. What can be a more reliable way to address food shortages caused by various crises?A) To introduce foreign crops.B) To develop native eatable plants. C) To grow more conventional crops.D) To get more emergency food aid.2. What can we learn from the sentence "The effects of climate change are making droughts more of a norm than an exception?" (Para. 3)A) Droughts happen frequently. B) Droughts worsened climate change.C) Climate change could have been prevented.D) Climate change is caused by human activities.3. Why can the "Famine Foods" of trees keep drought-hit communities alive?A) Because trees can survive and provide food. B) Because trees can grow tall and healthily.C) Because trees are sensitive to water.D) Because tress can keep people unaffected.4. What is "emergency relief" mentioned in the last paragraph?A) Emergency food aid.B) Conventional crops.C) Tree-based famine foods. D) Government's financial aid.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A) Trees help people survive droughts.B) Trees save people's lives.C) Trees are a vital food source. D) Conventional foods are giving way to trees.